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沃尔特·米蒂的隐秘生活(白日梦想家)是一位著名作家詹姆斯·瑟伯写的经典短篇小说。这部经典小说的成功之处在于描写了一个具有白日梦的经典人物，这本小说为人物心理分析提供了一个很好的案例。本文首先理解了主人公幻想与现实的异同，然后运用佛洛伊德的人格理论和幻想的防御机制，分析了英雄的白日梦产生的原因。
1.0 Introduction 简介
"The Secret Life of Walter Mitty" is a classic short story written by a famous writer named James Thurber. The success of this classic novel lies in describing a classic character with daydream, this novel provides a good case for the psychological analysis of characters. In this essay, it first of all understands the similarities and differences between the hero's fantasy and reality, and then it uses Freud's theory of personality theory and defense mechanisms of fantasy to analyze reasons leading to the hero's daydream.
2.0 Main body 正文
2.1 The similarities and differences between the fantasy and the reality
The similarity between the first dream and the reality was that he was the person who led other people. The difference was that in the dream, he imagined himself an all-powerful naval lieutenant, and the ship suffered a rare storm 20, he led other people to escape from the danger successfully (Thurber, 1939). However, in the real life, he was commanded by his wife, she required that his speed of driving could not exceed 40 mile/hour (Thurber, 1939). The similarity between the second dream and the reality was that he was completing a job. The difference was that in the dream, he was a surgeon with quick thinking and he was completing a perfect surgery; but in the real life, he could not find the designated location in the parking lot and was ridiculed by the waiter (Thurber, 1939). The common point between the third dream and the reality was that he received the information of legal decision. The difference was that in the reality, he just suddenly heard the trial of the news shouted by the news boy, in the dream, he imaged that he was a sharpshooter, a defendant, despite the innocence argued by his defense counsel, the prosecutor committed to punish him, and he scolded the prosecutor (Thurber, 1939). At this time, he suddenly remembered that his wife let him buy puppy biscuits, in the street, he said to himself to buy what his wife entrusted, thus passers laughed at him, in fact, this was derived from the fear that if he could not buy the dog food that his wife asked, he would face endless accusations from his wife. The fourth dream and the reality were both related to wars, the difference was that in the reality, he waited for his wife in the hotel lobby and he saw the picture with German bombers, in the dream, he imagined himself as a brave Air Force Colonel, and his wife interrupted its daydream, and ridiculed him nonsense to give him the amount of temperature (Thurber, 1939). The fifth dream and the reality were in common that he was waiting for something, the difference was that he was waiting for his wife in the rainy snow environment, in the face of his wife's usual way of making him waiting, he could not have any complaints and refute. He could only think of himself as a death penalty prisoner waiting for execution (Thurber, 1939).
2.2 Analysis
According to Freud's personality theory, there are three factors that determine the whole spiritual activity of people, ie, id, ego and superego (Taylor, 2014). Id is the source of instinctive sexuality, it follows the principle of happiness, usually it is in an unconscious state and it does not subject to social ethics (Taylor, 2014). Ego is a kind of intellectual energy, it can control ego desire and can be constrained by the reality. Therefore, ego is the intermediate energy to maintain the external world and the inner world (Taylor, 2014). Superego is the energy of moral level, it is subject to moral standards. This article will focus on analyzing the character from the levels of id and ego (Taylor, 2014).
Defense mechanisms of fantasy refer to people’s using another thing to replace their own shortcomings to alleviate the pain of defect (Mishar and Bangun, 2014). One of the most important of these defense mechanisms is fantasy. Fantasy is often said to be daydream, when people can not deal with the difficulties in real life, they will temporarily leave the reality to get the inner peace in the fantasy world and reach the satisfaction that can not be experienced in real life (Cramer, 2012). Because in the fantasy world, they do not have to follow the reality principle and logical thinking to deal with problems, they can compile according to individual needs (Mishar and Bangun, 2014).
The whole story showed that Walter wandered between id and ego: one end was brave and fearless self, the other end was the timid and weak self. In reality, he lived with a tolerated attitude, and in the daydream, his was away from other people’s disrespectful attitude and has become positive. Because in real life, he was surrounded by frustrated emotions, leading to that his id was through fantasy defense mechanism to appear in the daydream. He found a balance in the daydream for the imbalance in the reality. The depressed desire of id in reality has been released in the illusory world, so that Walter temporarily broke away from the reality and his personal feelings was eased.
3.0 Conclusion 结论
According to Freud's personality theory and defense mechanisms of fantasy, reasons leading to the protagonist’s illusion were that he was very depressed in the real life, his subconscious thinking became daydream, so that the hero succeeded in the dream. Namely, the protagonist’s id in real life was suppressed, in the daydream, his id has been satisfied.
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