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Acknowledgements: This ability be my aboriginal paper, although I e approved to do some adaptation plan from Bai to English. Actuality I would like to accord my account and acknowledgment to the agents at the Foreign Accent Institute of Yunnan Normal University, abnormally Prof. He Changye and Prof. Xie Ming. They accomplished me a lot about ability and language, giving me a new beheld bend on cultures. Prof. He during his busy-time, aswell gave actual acceptable suggestions to my cardboard and abounding corrections both in spelling and grammar. I am aswell beholden to the authors of the books I e consulted and the nameless Bai humans who created so abounding admirable Bai folk belief and songs for us. And my British acquaintance Bryan Allen shouldn be forgotten, it he who gave me abounding admired suggestions on the aboriginal abstract of this paper, and abounding acumen into English culture. 鸣谢：这可能是我的第一篇文章，虽然我试图做一些翻译工作。在这里，我想给我的敬意和感谢老师在云南师范大学外语学院教授，尤其是他创业和教授谢明。他们教给了我很多的语言和文化，给我一个新的视角对文化。他教授在忙碌的时间，也给了很好的建议，我的拼写和语法的研究和详细的修正。我还要感谢本书的作者我咨询过的和无名的白族人民创造了许多美丽的白族民间故事和歌曲我们。我的英国朋友布莱恩艾伦不应该被遗忘的，是他给了我对本文初稿了许多有价值的建议，并为英国文化的洞察。 Thesis statement: A altered cultural accomplishments hinders humans in English-speaking countries from compassionate Bai culture. In adjustment to accord with this problem, the cultural about-face should be auspiciously accomplished in translation. 论文：不同的文化背景使英语国家的人理解白族文化。为了解决这个问题，要成功地实现了文化转向翻译。 Abstract: Aback a lot of foreigners appear to Dali for tourism or business, a lot of of them are afflicted by the adorableness of the mural of Dali, its wind, flowers, snow and moon, aswell its colourful bounded customs. And abounding of them become so absorbed in and acquisitive to apprentice Bai ability and annihilation abroad of the Bai people, folk belief and Bai songs etc. Someone said, even a rock has a admirable adventure in it, and a blade from the timberline can play a section of nice Bai song here. But it a benevolence so abounding visitors abort to adore the admirable Bai belief and songs, because of the blocks from the language, abnormally the puzzles from the differences amid two types of cultures. Here, several cases from the adaptation of Bai folk belief and songs are given, again we try to analyse them from a cultural point of view, authoritative a bigger translation, to body a bland way for the humans from English-speaking countries to apprentice about the Bai humans and their culture.摘要：由于许多外国人来大理旅游或商务，他们中的大多数是由大理，美景触动了它的风，花，雪和月亮，也多姿多彩的风土人情。许多人变得如此感兴趣并渴望学习的白族文化和任何其他的白族民间故事和歌曲等白，有人说，就连石头都有一个美丽的故事，并从树上叶子可以在这里打一块漂亮的白歌。但遗憾的是，许多游客不能享受美丽的白的故事和歌曲，因为从语言障碍，尤其是拼图的两种文化之间的差异。在这里，从白族民间故事和歌曲翻译的几个实例，并分析它们从文化的角度来看，创造一个更好的翻译，建立从英语国家了解白族人民及文化的顺利。 1. A abrupt addition to the Bai humans and their culture 1.1 A allegiance with over 3,000 years of history The Bai humans are one of the oldest nationalities in Yunnan. 1957, some cultural charcoal of the Brownish Age (about 3,000 years ago) were begin at Haimenkou in Jianchuan County, 15 brownish and chestnut articles, including a rock archetypal for brownish axes were unearthed, even some anachronistic rice, board architecture components, pillars and added locations are underneath. This indicates that aforetime Bai humans lived in houses of annan appearance which were congenital bisected on the water, bisected on the arena with the aperture aperture to the land. And the archaeologists declared a active account for us, there was a apple amid forth Jianhu Lake, humans actuality lived on rice agriculture and fishing. This is a archetypal agronomical society, and the history of Bai acculturation begins here. It has a 3,000 years old history. 1.2 A altered ability witnessed in the activity and plan of Bai people In this continued aeon of history, Bai humans developed their altered ability in their circadian activity and work. Aback the Bai accent had no autograph arrangement of its own Bai ability was consistently transferred orally from one bearing to another. So Bai ability is added admired to humans today and admired by people. Added and added humans outside, I beggarly humans from added nations, are acquisitive to apprentice added about Bai culture, but the altered cultural backgrounds keeps them from compassionate Bai ability well, so the cultural about-face in adaptation becomes actual necessary. general, articulate works (folk belief and songs advance orally) are abounding added accustomed than accounting pieces (scholar literature) ii]. We may say the a lot of admired allotment of Bai ability charcoal in the folk belief and songs. In this article, a lot of cases we#39;ll altercate are called from the adaptation of Bai folk belief and songs. 2. The appearance of the Bai humans and their culture 2.1 A affectionate and avant-garde nationality In age-old history, war and accord consistently occurred in Bai people#39;s area. The Tianbao war amid the Nanzhao Commonwealth and the Tang Dynasty took abode in 742, but anon the Nanzhao baron Gelufeng congenital the Dehua Tablet to accurate his worries about the aftereffect of the war and his admiration to accomplish accord with the Tang and he fabricated it. As a result, the avant-garde Chinese ability and technology advance broadly a allotment of the Bai people. Abnormally aback the Ming Dynasty (1368 1644) a lot of advisers and politicians with top Chinese training accept appear to Bai areas. And Confucianism and Chinese apprenticeship advance a allotment of the accustomed people, that fabricated a lot of Bai men address and acquaint in Chinese skilfully. That is one of the affidavit why Bai does not accept its own autograph system, and the Bai accent adopted a lot of Chinese words. In a word, Bai is a affectionate and amiable avant-garde nationality, that makes her reside in accord with added nationalities for continued periods in history, and that helps the Bai humans apprentice from them and blot aspects of added cultures and absorb them into their own culture. 2.2 Syncretistic religious beliefs The syncretistic religious behavior appearance the Bai attitude to the altered cultures. Because Yunnan is abutting to India, in the past, abounding Indian monks came to deliver Buddhism in Dali and they got abutment from the kings, authorities, and Dali kingdom, again Buddhism became actual accustomed a allotment of Bai people, as Buddhism, Buddhist music, art, scriptures and architectural techniques were alien to the Bai area. The Three Pagodas and the accomplished rock abstraction in Jianchuan Rock Bell Temple will reflect the ablaze of the acumen of Bai humans forever. Daoism was aswell advance in the areas about the towns and became accustomed a allotment of the accomplished people. That leads to the Confucian adoration in Bai area, and makes the Bai ability cook into the capital Chinese culture, but keeps its own features. But Bai primary built-in religions still reside in accord with the added religions. In a Bai temple, you can calmly acquisition Sakyamuni, the Jade Emperor and Benzhu at the aforementioned time. Benzhu adoration still is the a lot of accustomed adoration of the Bai people. They accept several Benzhu (protector gods), a lot of of the villages anniversary has its own Benzhu, just like in Greek mythology, Athena was the patroness of the city-limits of Athens. On holidays, Bai humans appear to ball and sing in their temples, praying for assurance and acceptable harvests from the Benzhu. From the syncretistic religious beliefs, we can partly see the colourful and abounding Bai culture, aggregate the altered cultures in new ways. he accumulation of the Bai nationality, is the built-in capital administration of the Bai amusing economical development, as able-bodied it the after effect of arresting a lot of avant-garde ability of the Han and the added nationalities. In the afterward passages, we will altercate some accent phenomena both in Bai and English from the cultural view. 3. Several definitions for culture Taylor in his rimitive culture39; authentic ability as, ulture is a circuitous arrangement that includes all the knowledge, beliefs, art, morals, laws, community and any added talents and habits baffled or accustomed by the associates of a assertive society. English and Ability Dictionary (Longman,1922) articular ulture, as custom, beliefs, art, music and any added articles of animal thinking. Ability is the artefact of a assertive association in a assertive period, such as the Age-old Greek culture. The acclaimed American linguist Dr Nida anticipation that accent is consistently a allotment of a ability and the acceptation of any argument refers anon or alongside to the agnate culture, ultimately words alone accept acceptation in agreement of the agnate culture. Without the ability of the behavior and practices of added cultures a translator angle of the apple is tragically restricted (Chinese translators account 2000/5). The Bai humans and the English speaking humans reside in altered bounded environments. The altered altitude and bounded altar advance to altered customs, altered behavior and altered attitudes to things. Anniversary has their own altered culture. Actuality we baddest some accent phenomena from Bai folk belief and songs, and try to analyse these phenomena at the cultural akin in adjustment to advance our adaptation address and apprehend acknowledged cross-cultural communication. 4. Bai people attitude against colours 4.1 Bai humans admire the colour white umans reside in this colourful world, their activity to the colour is heavily afflicted by their built-in cultural tradition, their attitude to the colour is aswell an capital allotment of the culture. Colour words are the bound amount of the culture, abounding of built-in cultural character. Every allegiance has her own attitude to the colour. In the altered cultures, the aforementioned colour may accurate the altered cultural psychology, advance to assorted associations, and it has altered cultural association in the altered cultures. To a lot of Bai humans and westerners hite has some agnate connotations: abstention and innocence. But it has absolutely adverse connotations, too. White dress is the acceptable colour for brides at western weddings but a acceptable colour at funerals for Bai people. To abrasion white would be abhorrent at western funerals, they accept atramentous dress on that occasion. But the colour hite has abounding added connotations in Bai culture. Revering the colour hite is a altered abnormality in Bai culture. Why do Bai humans alarm themselves aizi or Bainiai agency the colour hite , adverse to black. If you appear into a Bai apple in Dali, you assume to be in a white world, the white houses of Bai people, white lanes and the white three pagodas in the far distance. A custom is still kept in Jianchuan: a brid;s parents would like to accord her a authentic white affidavit blind as a appropriate allowance on her marriage day. But the adverse bearings will be apparent in Naxi area, humans there augment flocks of atramentous sheep, and a Naxi woman would like to abrasion a atramentous sheep derma blind instead of the white one. he Lisu humans in Nujiang anticipate it#39;s appealing dress up as atramentous as a crow , and the Bai humans in the aforementioned breadth would say, ress up as white as a magpie , they anticipate white is beautiful. So the Bai humans adopt the white affidavit blind and white clothes. White-loving was not alone accustomed a allotment of the accustomed Bai people, but aswell in the Bai aristocratic ancestors in the actual period. Zhou Quefei, a academic who lived in the Song Dynasty recorded in his book, nswering for humans alfresco Yuannin the Dali kingdom, the baron wears a white blind and the queen brand to abrasion haoxiao and haoxiao is a affectionate of white dress. Even the baron was blue-blooded as a king , the white king. Some historians anticipate that the white-revering custom of the Bai humans is accompanying to their archaic totem adoration beliefs. The colour hite may accept been the attribute of an old Bai association at that time, and the custom is still kept in Bai clothes and their habits. In the minds of Bai people, the colour hite is the apologue of kindness, goodness, appropriateness and beauty. In adverse atramentous consistently indicates evil, criminals, atramentous and ugliness. In abounding Bai folk stories, hite dragon is consistently a righteous, acceptable hero and favoured by people, but lack dragon consistently stands for angry armament and is hated by people. Because hite consistently leads the Bai people#39;s associations to accomplished things, they created a lot of admirable songs accompanying with the colour A acclaimed one is white adult in the white moonlight . Bai English Baip milwan zix baip jixjix, A white adult in the white moonlight, Go nox zo;de baip ngeid jinx; A brace of white shoes on her feet; Cainlnox yi;de baip zvnp yil, She wears a white dress, Baip zil yondbeidsei. With a breadth of white sheepskin. Baipxil-baiphhop xux jiant cainl, Fewer Bai words (plain words) out of your lips, Baiphail-baipsit dol ye juix; A little added white rice to your mouth; Baipzipyin zil yindgail jil, So abounding eyes aloft us in the white day-time, Baip milwan sanlhui. Meet my adult in the white moonlight. |
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