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芝加哥是美国最大的城市之一,位于中西部伊利诺斯州。它的人口数量仅次于洛杉矶和纽约，超过300万人。一般情况下，我们称之为“风城”，是因为只是它靠近密歇根湖，接收大量的湖风。
欧洲人历史之处,芝加哥地区被许多不同的部落占领，其中包括阿冈昆人和迈阿密人。芝加哥地区适合钓鱼,打猎和种植作物。芝加哥这个名字有一个很好的意思，从法国版本看，是“野生洋葱”的意思，芝加哥河沿岸植物繁茂，种类繁多。
美国部落为了控制美国的某些地区，频繁爆发了部落战争，与西北部印第安人之间展开了殊死搏斗。在此之前，印第安人与欧洲人之间及印第安人和印第安人发生了长达几个世纪的战争。格林维尔的条约结束了西北印第安战争，出现了许多贸易团体。该地区成为一个军事据点，称之为迪尔伯恩堡。
Chicago is one of the largest in the United States and is located in the Midwest in the state of Illinois. It is just behind Los Angles and New York in population with more then 3.0 million people living in the city. It is nicked named the windy city because of being just off Lake Michigan and receives a lot of wind off the lake.
During the beginning of the history of Europeans, Chicago area was occupied by a number of different tribes Algonquin people which included the "Mascouten's and the Miamis". The location was perfect for fishing, hunting, and growing of crops for the tribes. The name Chicago is a good example of plantation meaning "wild onion" from the French version of plants along the Chicago River.
The North West Indian war was fought by many American tribes for the control of certain areas of the United States. This followed centuries of war over territories first between Indians and Europeans then between Indians and Indians. The treaty of Greenville helped to put an end to the Northwest Indian War and a start to trade among the many groups. The area became a military post named Fort Dearborn.
The Fort Dearborn Massacre or the Battle of Fort Dearborn happened on August 15 1812 during the war of 1812. The "massacre" followed the mass departure of the fort as ordered by the U.S General Hull. The people who left the fort to retreat to another fort were ambushed by an Indian tribe where a majority of them were killed and the rest was taken for slaves. They were later sold to the British where they were immediately released after being purchased.
The Great Chicago fire happened during 1871 when majority of the city burned down. The damage caused by the fire caused more then 300 people to die and more then 20,000 buildings to be destroyed. The main cause to the fire was that a majority of wood that was used from buildings to sidewalk and streets. The fire led to an increase in fire safety codes in regards to construction.
The traditional story goes like this that around 9pm on Sunday October 8th, around a small shed that a cow supposedly kicked over a lantern within a barn. The story later on was found to be false by Michael Ahern a reporter who made up the story because he believed it would make an interesting story for the paper. This is an example of not believing everything you read in the newspaper.
Approximately not until 9:40pm the city fire department did not receive the first alarm. They were still alerted when the fires was relatively small and could have been put out. However, when the blaze did get bigger they unfortunately sent the firefighters in the wrong direction and this could be the direct reason for the fires getting completely out of control.
The fire remains one of the largest United States disasters of the 19 century but rebuilding of the city began immediately and helped to lead them as the city they are today. The municipal flag of Chicago commemorates the fire with the second star on the flag itself. The amazing fact is that the cause of the fire is still unknown until this day.
Chicago was not the ideal place to build with it located by the soft, wet ground near Lake Michigan. This was an early limitation but with the invention of the steel frames helped introduce the Chicago skyscraper. This helped to lead them as an architecture leader in the U.S and the world in vertical city buildings.
Some other horrible fires in Chicago history occurred in the Iroquois Theater in 1903 where 602 people died. The LaSalle Hotel fired in the year 1945 killed 61 people. And the worst fire I believe was the Roman Catholic elementary school fire in 1958 that claimed the lives of 92 children and 3 teachers.
For the Haymarket affair was a disturbance that took place on Tuesday May 4 1886 at the Haymarket Square and simply began as a rally in support of striking workers. The supposedly peace full rally was disturbed by an unknown individual who threw a bomb at police during the rally. That resulted in gunfire which led to multiple police and civilians killed. The site of that day has a land mark which was dedicated on March 25 1992.
During the 1920's brought the international unsavory reputation to Chicago as gangsters, such as Al Capone who battle each other and law enforcement during the Prohibition period. Al Capone who was originally from Brooklyn became the leader of a crime organization based in Chicago called the "Chicago Outfit". He was never successfully convicted of any racketeering charges but was finally convicted by the federal government for income-tax evasion. That ended his criminal career in the year of 1931.
During the 1950's many of the upper and middle class people left the city limits to the suburbs shrinking the population and leaving on the breadline neighborhoods. The city council of Chicago came up with an idea to help solve the problem and called it "Plan 21" this was to help improve neighborhoods and focus on creating "suburbs with the city" near the down town lake front waters. The result was they had to displace many poor which included Black and Hispanics to other parts of the city to get this project done.
Major Richard J Daley was elected major in 1955 in the era called the "machine politics". During the terms of Daley he died while still in office in 1976 but was their during the violence filled Democratic National Convention of 1968, four major express ways that were built, the completion of the Sear's tower and saw Chicago's O'Hare Airport become the world's busiest airport in the world. In 1989 the son of Richard J Daley became mayor and has also been repeatedly reelected.
The Sears Tower which is now called the Willis Tower is a 108 story skyscraper in Chicago and the United States tallest building. It was completed in 1973 and was the tallest at the time but still is ranked fifth- tallest in the world. I personally been to the top of the building and could not believe how far can be seen from the top of the observation deck. It remains one of the most impressive buildings built in the 20th century and major land mark for the United States.
President Obama has now helped to place Chicago into a new era history the 21st century. He was a community organizer and was a civil rights attorney in Chicago and also taught classes at the University of Chicago of law. Mr. Obama served three terms on the Illinois senate before becoming president. After becoming the first African American President in United States History he delivered his victory speech in Chicago's Grant Park.
The city of Chicago attracts more then 40 million visitors a year domestic and foreign. Chicago has hosted many major events and attempted to host the Olympics in 2016 which was unsuccessful campaign for the city. The city continues to be a leader in the country and in the world when it comes to culture, commerce, politics, sports and entertainment. It has the nickname as being the "Second City" but they consider it being the "most American of all the Big Cities" in the United States. The Electronic Encyclopedia Of Chicago 2005 "Encyclopedia Of Chicago" Available From: http://www.encyclopedia.chicagohistory.org/ The Electronic Encyclopedia Of Chicago 2005 "Encyclopedia Of Chicago" Available From: http://www.encyclopedia.chicagohistory.org/pages/571.html City of Chicago 2009 Available From: http://egov.cityofchicago.org/city/webportal/home.do Back Of The Yards Neighborhodd Council 2009 "History" Available From: http://bync.org/?p=137 Chicago History 2009 Available From: http://www.chicagohistory.info/ The White House 2009 "President Barack Obama" Available From: http://www.whitehouse.gov/administration/president-obama/ Barack Obama 2009 "Learning from History" Available From: http://www.president-obama.org/ Chicago Historical Society 2009 "Al Capone" Available From: http://www.chicagohs.org/history/capone.html Sears Tower 2009 Krause, Randall Available From: http://www.searstower.org/ U.S History 2009 "Ricahrd J Daley" Available From: http://www.u-s-history.com/pages/h2013.html The Great Chicago Fire 1996 Available From: http://www.chicagohs.org/fire/ Did The Cow Do It? 2004 Bales, Richard F "A New Look At The Cause Of The Fire" Available From: http://www.thechicagofire.com/ The Electronic Encyclopedia Of Chicago 2005 "Encyclopedia Of Chicago" Available From: http://www.encyclopedia.chicagohistory.org/pages/477.html Virtual Chicago Land 2008 "The Fort Dearborn Massacre" Available From: http://virtualchicagoland.com/c/details.php?id=659#p#分页标题#e# Britannica Encyclopedia 2008 "Algonquin" Available From: http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/15145/Algonquin Oregon Pioneers 2008 Flora, Stephenie "Northwest Indian Wars" Availble From: http://www.oregonpioneers.com/indian8.htm |
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