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一篇优秀的Assignment，开头、总论点、分论点、论证、结尾等部分的写作都要围绕话题去开展，这就不可避免的会频繁出现关键词。如果只是论述而没有出现关键词，这种论述肯定只跑题的。而一部分词汇的频繁出现，肯定会降低读者的阅读体验，影响得分。一般来说，Assignment的评分标准中都会有一条：uses an adequate range of vocabulary for the task（词汇使用丰富）。这丰富不仅是指要使用多种多样的表达方式，也需要避免重复带来的审美疲劳。在实际写作Assignmen时该如何合理取舍关键词，避免关键词的过多重复呢？下面我们以一篇论文为例，谈谈如何灵活使用关键词。 题目： Should governments finance art projects? 关键词： governments/ finance/ art projects ▍ 关键词的替换 government : 1. authority 2. local councils 3. officer 4. administrator 5. central administration 6. policymakers 7. councillors 8. a state finance : 1. give financial support 2. be funded by/ be financed by 3. provide grant 4. the funding of 5. money for … come from 6. support for 7. pay 8. state budget to be spent on 9. assist 10. ensure a large amount of investment goes into 11. financial reserve of the government should be allocated to 12. governmental subsidization/ investment 13. require help from the state 14. rely on governmental assistance 15. spend a large part of its budget on 16. enough money is spent on 17. need full funding 18. with some help from the government 19. control budget by giving maintenance only to art projects : 1. artists 2. creative artists 3. artwork 4. works of art 5. the arts 6. art-related field 7. art industry 8. arts institutions 9. creative projects ▍ 关键词替换方法总结 ● 同近义词 这应该是最简单粗暴的方法了，妥妥地炫耀词汇量。 government → authority finance → fund ● 同根词 意思保证精准的另一个方法是，保留词根，变化一下词性，也相当于进行了表达的替换（虽然不够明显）。 government → governmental art → artistic finance → financial 这样做的另一个好处是，可以让变了词性的他们，和前后的其他意思合并，表达或许会更加精炼一些。 ● 前后加修饰（形容词、副词） 如果有些单词实在没办法替换，那么可以尝试在其前面或者后面加上一定的修饰限定，让表意更加精准的同时，也算是有所替换了。 artists → creative artists/ art industry/ arts institutions government → local/ central government ● 主被动转化 我们原本是顺着写，政府来支持艺术，有的时候，可以逆向写，艺术需要政府支持，或者艺术依赖于政府的补助，或者政府花更多钱在其他方面，或者政府的钱应该给谁。 governments finance arts → artists require help from the state/ rely on governmental assistance ● 情景设定 把题目的关键信息，变成一种假定的场景，然后主句再接着说具体的优点或者缺点。 常用的从句是 when/ if/ with/ because/ whether/ how When policymakers decide how to allocate budget, … If governments need to make better budgetary allocation, … ● 人 ↔ 物 如果关键词是人，我们就具象为人所拥有的东西，如果是一个物件，我们就写成创作它的人。 artist → art work/ creative works of artists ● 解释 题目可能都是比较直接的陈述，一两个词的简单表达。我们可以把这个词，当作一个需要去定义或者解释的词语，然后，尝试用别的方法，去把这个单词的意思，解释给一个没有背景知识的人。常常用到的是定语从句。 artists → people who are engaged in an activity related to creating art ▍ 再举一个例子 题目： Multicultural societies bring more benefits than drawbacks for a country? 关键词： Multicultural societies ● 关键词替换： · a mixture of different ethnic groups · multi-culture · people from different regions · multiculturalism · people of different cultural backgrounds live and work together · experience several cultures staying and working at a common platform · a multi-cultured group · with people carrying so many cultures · when several cultures come together · mixed culture · different cultures being together exchanging the knowledge and way of living · societies which comprise people from different ethnic groups · when people from different ethnic groups live together in a country 大家如果在实操中，没有找到如此多的替换也不必太担心，毕竟一篇好文章，并不是要求我们每次都有替换，适当重复一点点，并没有关系。并且，在论证展开的时候，我们可以直接用代词来替换关键词，在举例的时候，我们会用到更多的例子中的具体表达。量化而言，我觉得，有3-5个替换，加上题目本身的表达，写一篇文章足矣。 |
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