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Now, traditional gender roles are being called into question, in the professional field, "workplace neutral", "androgynous character" and "no sex education" are often mentioned by the media. However, giving up traditional gender roles, some of the students performance on gender identity for many teachers and parents are very confused, for example, People November 3, 2005 at the "Education Watch" column reported that "the girl pungent boy delicate, Student why "transgender"). Students there are also gender identity problems, the university received mental health education institutions are a lot of gay, straight, addiction, and other cases of gender-confused. Currently, abandon traditional gender roles have led to individual students appear gender identity confusion. Therefore, gender identity issues need to attract public attention.
现在，传统性别角色正在受到人们的质疑，在职业领域，“职场中性化”、“双性化性格”以及“无性别教育”等经常被媒体提及。然而，在放弃传统性别角色时，一些学生在性别认同上的表现让许多老师和家长深感困惑，例如，人民网2005年11月3日于“教育观察”栏目报道《女孩泼辣男孩娇弱，学生为啥“变性”)。大学生中也存在性别认同问题，各大学心理健康教育机构都会接待不少同性恋、异性癖以及其他对性别感到困惑的案例。目前，放弃传统性别角色已导致个别大学生出现性别同一性混乱。因此性别认同问题需要引起社会关注。
First, the college gender identity Survey /http://www.ukassignment.org/ygcourseworkdx/
一、大学生性别认同现状的调查
Boehm (Sandra Bem) designed Sex Role Inventory (BemSex Role Inventory, BSRI) is a common gender identity research tool. This scale has 60 items, respondents will be compared for each project and self-rising at one - seven scoring method for evaluation of the degree of compliance; manly one from the high-low masculinity (high masculinity - low mascu-linity ), high-womanish a low women's air (high femininity - lowfemininity) two dimensions investigated gender identity, according to scores on the two dimensions can determine a person's gender identity is androgynous (androgynous), masculinity (masculine) , Women's Air (femi-nine), undifferentiated (undifferentiated) in one of four types. We use the scale in Wuhan four randomly selected 124 university students were investigated with the following results:
现在，传统性别角色正在受到人们的质疑，在职业领域，“职场中性化”、“双性化性格”以及“无性别教育”等经常被媒体提及。然而，在放弃传统性别角色时，一些学生在性别认同上的表现让许多老师和家长深感困惑，例如，人民网2005年11月3日于“教育观察”栏目报道《女孩泼辣男孩娇弱，学生为啥“变性”)。大学生中也存在性别认同问题，各大学心理健康教育机构都会接待不少同性恋、异性癖以及其他对性别感到困惑的案例。目前，放弃传统性别角色已导致个别大学生出现性别同一性混乱。因此性别认同问题需要引起社会关注。
(A) Distribution of gender identity type
According to people's traditional concept, the effeminate men, masculine women and undifferentiated type of data merged into biological gender inappropriate type, androgyny and manly men, women merged into bio-gas female gender appropriate type The results are shown in Table 2:
Table 2 for boys and girls with the appropriate number of inappropriate distribution of the percentage difference test, the proportion of girls than boys in inappropriate, and the difference was significant, indicating that there are more girls do not agree with the traditional role of women given. The data in Table 2 boys and girls combined, and conduct, inspection, 3.84, df = 1, described in the student population in inappropriate sexual identity was significantly exceeded expectations.
(Two) different types of gender identity Freshmen distributed more
(Three) types of college gender identity undifferentiated ratio is too high
Bem Sex Role foreign to the questionnaire as a tool to carry out investigation and study a lot, more typical is a study of college students on 加利佛尼亚 The results: about 40% of the students perceived themselves as traditional gender temperament, 25% for the dual nature of temperament; undifferentiated males compared to 29% in women and 21% of undifferentiated; effeminate men accounted for 5%, women 12% manly. According to Table 1, college students in the traditional role of gender role identity percentage of 21%, androgyny of 14.6%, these values are lower than the study abroad; undifferentiated males was 42.3% for men and 9.6 women's air %, which is much higher than the two values abroad proportion; undifferentiated women was 56.9%, well above the values abroad; manly women was 13.9%, which was close to the value abroad.
Second, the survey results reflect the problems
(A) gender identity problems may increase some students in the social adaptation difficulties
Table 1 Verify on "delicate boy girl pungent students why 'transgender' 'reports; Table 2 illustrates the biological sex and gender identity appropriate to people's expectations about gender roles is inconsistent. Gender roles beyond people's expectations, transgender identity and a higher proportion of undifferentiated type may reflect gender identity issues.
First of all, the men and women's air undifferentiated men, they are biologically male, but the behavior characteristics but a far cry from the traditional male role, which can not help but suspect that gender identity disorder may occur. Gender Identity Disorder is the American Psychiatric Association in the DSM IV in a new column to a diagnostic category of people suffering from this disorder exhibit the opposite sex who is not only typical of interests and behavior, and may prefer the opposite sex toys and activities, or add people heterosexual group, or a heterosexual clothing, or the desire to change sex. U.S. studies have shown that male adolescents suffering from this disorder is the proportion of women more than six times, and adult gender identity problems may still exist, 60% to 70% of patients can not develop a completely heterosexual sexual orientation. Although the division of gender identity disorder is controversial, but it is certain that not all exhibit the behavior of people are heterosexual, gay, they are in part due to the role of various psychosocial factors become gender identity disorders. For gender identity disorder must be treated as such obstacles would prevent patients adapt to the environment, leading to a variety of issues, such as same-sex peer pressure and ridicule, unhappy married life and so on.
Secondly, the findings in undifferentiated men and women have less socially desirable qualities. Bem Sex Role questionnaire consists mainly of the positive features of both sexes, for example, women's air features include caring, affectionate, and quiet, kind, focusing on relationships, caring, warm; manly features include achievement orientation, initiative, risk-taking, self-confidence, attack, independent, rational. These undifferentiated type, neither agree with male characters, female characters do not agree, there is no obvious distinction between gender identity. In the behavioral manifestations are neither rational and desirable, nor gentleness and goodness. Therefore, the findings show that many college students to abandon the traditional gender roles in the positive qualities.
Table 1 also shows that the number of female students to give up traditional female. Does this exist is wrong with that? This issue needs to dialectic. Traditional female gender roles for female students to adapt to modern life, the pursuit of professional achievement exists hindered, therefore, from the employment point of view we should encourage female students questioned the traditional role, in fact, the performance of transgender social behavior for women more tolerant. However, the traditional role also has merit, blindly deny the traditional role is not appropriate.
Gender roles are good or bad, have their gender role behavior appropriate task scenarios, but, in general, androgynous qualities preferable. Various studies show that androgynous temperament, behavior, more flexible, more likeable and easier to adapt to the environment and access to career success. Traditional gender roles of the individual to adapt to modern life is not helpful, a psychology professor at Tamkang University in Taiwan to analyze Huang pointed out that the male and female roles in marriage, "...... traditional masculinity and femininity polarized, does not apply to modern dual career families . ...... (androgynous qualities make) couple in the modern busy life can be used with even more harmonious. "
(Two) college students' life experiences did not increase gender awareness
Table 3 Results illustration of four types of gender identity in all grades of the distribution trend is the same, does not vary with gender identity problems grades grow automatically change. This phenomenon may be the performance of gender constancy, gender constancy in 6,7 years old when he had formed. However, as a process of social influence by gender roles can be changed because of education, it also shows that, in the absence of education students under the influence of gender identity is difficult to automatically change.
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