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韩国电影“熔炉”的成功分析
Analysis on success of South Korean transgression movie: "The Crucible"
韩国电影《熔炉》的故事发生在韩国的一所2005人的聋哑学校，作为模型。电影的内容不仅是充满争议也引发了社会和韩国司法体制改革的一系列后续的强烈关注，也得到了很好的经济效益，已成为在韩国具有一定国际影响力，在韩国电影史上不可多得的好电影。成功的电影不仅涉及主题，拍摄的电影风格，还在于独特的分布和生产的电影系统–indiewood。因此，本文以“熔炉”为研究对象，探索其成功的基础，为本文的研究成果提供有价值的参考，为其他电影的营销提供参考。
1.0 Introduction 简介
The South Korean film "The Crucible" took real events occurred at a school for the deaf in South Korea in 2005 as model. The movie content was not only full of controversy but also sparked intense concern in the society and the subsequent series of judicial system reform in South Korea, it also got good economic benefits, it has become a rare good movie in the history of movies in South Korea which has a certain international influence (Koreanfilm, 2011). The success of the film not only relates to the subject, shooting style of the movie, but also lies in with the unique distribution and production system – indiewood of the movie. Therefore, this essay take "The Crucible" as a research object to explore its successes, based on the results of this study to provide valuable reference for distribution, marketing of other films.
2.0 Body 主体
2.1 Introduction of "The Crucible"
The movie called "The Crucible" was shown on September 22, 2011 in South Korea. The film is based on real events occurred in a school for the deaf in South Korea in 2005. In the movie, an art teacher called Kang In-Ho stumbled to find the facts of sexual assault towards Yeon-Doo, Yoo-Ri, Min-Soo and his brother. One day Yeon-Doo was called by the schoolmaster to go to his office. In the office, the TV was on, there were pictures of naked men and women. The schoolmaster wanted to rape her, she struggled with him and went to the toilet to hide, but the schoolmaster caught her in the toilet and raped her. When Yoo-Ri was nine, she was raped by the schoolmaster, the schoolmaster's brother, they gave her one thousand won to buy biscuits after they raped her each time. Min-Soo and his brother had also repeatedly been raped by an old teacher, the younger brother could not bear physical and psychological torture and threw himself. The schoolmaster and the other teachers was the deaf school teachers, but they carried out sexual assault towards young students, the criminal nature was very bad, and, in spite of social responsibility of protecting children, they made victims become objects of sexual gratification, their sexual harassment or sexual assault acts should be severely punished by laws, but they took advantage of their rights, the relationship money to escape from punishment (MBR, 2016; Lee, 2011).
2.1 Introduction of producer
2.2.1 Sangeori Pictures
Sangeori Pictures is a small film production company that specializes on making best-selling novels into movies, such as "The Crucible", it is based on Gong Jiyeong’s novel, and “How to steal a dog”, according to Barbara O 'Connor’s novel of the same name. Sangeori Pictures is a small company, through cooperation with Fantagio Entertainment, CJ and other large entertainment companies in South Korean, it has involved in production, investment of a number of films which have a certain international influence, now it plays the roles of its strength in the productions of movies, "The Crucible" is the most classic example. Sangeori Pictures is now engaged in co-production and distribution of films not only with excellent production companies in mainland China, Hong Kong, Taiwan, Japan, but also with filmmakers in United States and Europe to co-produce films and attend famous film festivals, and it is by suppliers to export their own produced movies to lay a solid foundation for its’ going to the world stage. In addition, Sangeori Pictures builds an overseas strategic alliance with oversea brokerage firm to find a way for sending TV series and domestic artists in South Korea to the world. It is through the above efforts, Sangeori Pictures has become the South Korean film production and distribution company with certain international influence (MBR, 2016; Lee, 2011).
2.2.2 CJ Entertainment
CJ Entertainment is the largest media and entertainment company in South Korea. It releases 22 to 26 films in South Korea annually. The company is also responsible for authorizing and issuing South Korean films overseas. CJ Entertainment has been in engaged in constant pursuit of production of South Korean movies with a certain international influence. In addition to direct involving in issuing a series of films with high box office, such as “Masquerade", "A Werewolf Boy" and "Berlin", CJ Entertainment also take the form of indiewood of cooperation with other powerful movie studios to produce several movies with good reputation. Independent movies subject to the impact of investors relatively slightly in terms of subject matter, filming in the way, and ways of expression. They can relate to a range that mainstream films less involve, they can also show more personal characteristics of filmmakers. Limited by the lack of funds, management system, distribution channels and many other aspects, independent films do not get good box office, affecting the development of independent filmmaking (King, 2009). In this context, indiewood began, indiewood was a film movement that independent films were included in the traditional Hollywood producer / distribution system in the late 1990s. At the same time, it is a new production system which can be said that on the basis of keeping existing "independent position", independent filmmakers can have a access to treatment in mainstream film in financing and distribution aspects (King, 2009). In the form of indiewood, CJ Entertainment is through cooperation with other small but powerful production companies to release a series of popular but controversial films. For example, in 2003, in collaboration with Sidus Pictures, CJ Entertainment released the movie called “Memories of Murder”. The film is a story of serial murder crime and is has been elected as the best film of Cognac international film festival. "The Crucible" is also the result of implementation of indiewood system. Sangeori Pictures is responsible for production of the movie, CJ Entertainment is responsible for funding, movie stars, as well as distribution channels, which not only helps to play the roles of Sangeori Pictures’ strengths in the creative aspects of films, but also makes "The Crucible" have the same access to the equal treatment in financing, distribution and production as major films, which is a key factor ensuring the success of the movie.
2.2.3 Author of "The Crucible"
Gong Jiyeong is one of the most famous contemporary writers and the best-selling authors in South Korea's. She was born in Seoul in 1963 and began literary creation in 1988, her literary contents are centered around women, workers, the poor, and who have suffered discrimination. In 2009, her novel "The Crucible" was adapted into a movie released in 2011 and achieved great success. Gong Jiyeong is a writer with most social responsibility, most of her works focus on a variety of social issues in South Korea. Considering motivation of creating "The Crucible", Gong Jiyeong mentions that, in order to expose the dark side of the society in public, so that readers can feel the pain and injustice of the victims and at the same time, the public can also realize that those things without justice have repeatedly occurred. She believes that these events do not need to be ended with anger and tears, but to gaze the true until the end, it is important to remember the true forever, which is a solid foundation for salvation of hope (MBR, 2016; Koreanfilm, 2011).
2.3 Controversy on "The Crucible"
The success of the film is largely related to the controversial content of the film. Kristeva (1982) defines abjection as which does not respect borders, positions, rules. In "The Crucible", this abject shooting technique has also been applied. For example, the schoolmaster and some teachers of the school implemented long-term nasty violence and sexual abuse towards the deaf in the schools. On the one hand, teachers should have high moral character, they should be knowledgeable and care students, on the other hand, in this film, the teachers are perpetrators for the children with disabilities. Settings of the roles, behavior and identity in this film blur the boundaries between teachers and criminals, making audience feel more angry towards those teachers' action in the movie. Creed (1993) notes that when a subject is invaded by a personality of another sex, the transgression is even more abject, as the gender boundaries are violated. In "The Crucible", several underage deaf schoolgirl were raped by a male teacher. These acts of the teacher destruct the boundaries between sexes, which can be considered a more abject behavior, this behavior is more likely to cause nausea and sympathy of angry audience. Creed (1993) points out, blood, corpse constitutes the elements of the abject. In "The Crucible", it is also full of these elements, such as the children’s faces with scars and blood after being beaten and violence, bodies of the children lying on rails after suicide, these elements not only reflect the dire situation of the young children, but also evoke anger, fear and sympathy of audience.#p#分页标题#e#
Kristeva (1982) mentions, monstrous sits on the boundary between human and non-human. In "The Crucible", one of the biggest controversy was that in the whole case of violence and sexual assault towards students, the judiciary's performance caused a great controversy. On the one hand they were representatives of justice who punished the perpetrators, on the other hand, they were accomplices of the perpetrators and help them to escape from the most severe punishment. The role of the judiciary in the movie was positioned between justice and injustice, the judiciary's performance in the movie even caused great controversy of the majority of the audience over the perpetrators’ performance, it also caused and the society in South Korea to reflect on the judicial system, which directly led to relevant legislation amendment by the South Korean government and parliament.
2.4 Awards and box office of "The Crucible"
The movie has won six nominations, such as the best act, actress, director, score, screenplay award of the Blue Dragon Awards in 2011. The film also won the Korean Film Reporters Association elected 2011 Best Film Award. The firm was also elected as the best film by the journalists' association in 2011. In 2012, the movie also won the nominations of the best actor and actress of the Grand Bell Awards in 2012. In the electing activities of the 14th Far East Film Festival hosted in Udine in Italy in 2012, the movie won the Peoples Choice Awards (Koreanfilm, 2011).
The movie "The Crucible" is adapted from Gong Jiyeong’s novel of the same title. From November 2008 to May 2009, the novel was first serialized through a portal called Daum in Sourth Korean, the clicking rate was more than 16 million, Thus, the film attracted the concern of the society at the first time of showing, in the first week of showing, it attracted more than 910,000 spectators, and for the first three weeks, it has occupied the champion of the box office in South Korea. The final viewing number of the movie reached 4,662,822, 35.5 billion won. Among the top ten best-selling firms in South Korea in the same year, it ranked eight. For a movie which does not take soaping the audience as the starting point, it is more valuable (Koreanfilm, 2011).
2.5 Evaluation of "The Crucible"
The movie "The Crucible" shakes the whole South Korean society. The movie not only arouses the concern for the weak, but also influences the political and government circles. News and programs of mainstream television stations have also reported "Silenced" and the influence of the movie on the society. "News 9" of KBS was based on "Silenced" to report that the movie has aroused widespread concern, the politicians also said that they would amend relevant bill. The government also decided to promote amendment of the relevant laws and increase the budget for it to protect human rights of children and persons with disabilities. A news program named “News Desk” of MBC also used the title of “why "Silenced" shakes the whole society?” to deeply report the social phenomenon triggered by the movie. "News Desk" reported that the movie was changing the society into an 'anger crucible', and it also analyzed how the reality reflected by the movie triggered so much outrage of the public. Recently, this movie allows people to have begun to think again of structural problems of this society (Lee, 2011).
The movie and the novel have caused strong concern of the public in South Korea. Police in Gwangju decided to reinvestigate the case and begin a new trial, in order to avoid legal loopholes, the Congress rapidly adopted the amendments to address the legal loophole exposed in the case, lawyers and the judiciary took quick action, through a nationwide commitment to prevent violation towards adolescents (especially handicapped children). This is the famous "The Crucible" event in South Korea. In reality, this movie changed the end of the case, it was not limited to this case itself, but from all aspects of the legal justice system to reflect on why there were such cases, why this case did not initially get a fair and reasonable trial, how to avoid such incidents in future. The success of the film lies not only in box office revenue and viewing experience, but in a positive energy and meaning inherent in the movie, and the movie ultimately changes the country and the world. This is the most advanced value and significance of the film (Lee, 2011).
3.0 Conclusion 结论
"The Crucible" is a rare good movie in the history of movies in South Korea which has a certain international influence. The success of the film shows that whether the contents of a film are controversial and have artistic value, whether a film's distribution system can make the resources be optimized, whether the filming technique can really cause sympathetic response and concern is the key factor affecting the success of a movie. The success of "The Crucible" provides valuable reference for other movies in production, distribution and marketing.
References 参考文献
Creed, B. (1993). The Monstrous-Feminine: Film, Feminism, Psychoanalysis. London: Routledge.
King, G. (2009). Indiewood, USA Where Hollywood meets Independent Cinema. London: I.B.Tauris & Co Ltd.
Kristeva, J. (1982). Powers of Horror: An Essay on Abjection. New York: Columbia University Press.
Koreanfilm. (2011). Korean Movie Reviews for 2011. Retrieved June 11, 2016
Lee, M. (2011). Silenced: Film Review. Retrieved June 11, 2016
MBR. (2016). Movie Review: Silenced. Retrieved June 11, 2016
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