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英国留学生美术方面的硕士课程作业定制：Installation Art’s influence on Chinese Ceramics
装置艺术是一种艺术流派，是当代艺术，兴起于20世纪70年代。它混合了许多不同的材料，从普通的天然材料的新媒体如转录，声音，性能和网络，从而创造或改变内心的感知或概念，在具体条件下。一些装置艺术的网站具体的艺术，它只能存在于它们创造的空间，例如新的纽约现代美术馆。安装更多的是关于内部的地方，而外部的被称为大地艺术，尽管它们之间的界限不明确，有一些重叠。
在后现代的环境，各学科之间的界限和类别变得模糊。同样，在艺术发展的相互影响，不同艺术学校和艺术很常见。促进自身的发展和创新，从不同的艺术表现形式吸收有用的因素是一个必然的艺术形式。审美特性的装置艺术对现代陶艺的创作内容的影响丰富了这一新的艺术形式。它深刻影响陶瓷产品的设计理念，方法和原则，促进现代陶瓷健康发展。
1. Introduction of Installation Art
1.1 Concept of Installation Art
Installation art is a certain kind of artistic genre, belonging to contemporary art, springing up in 1970s. It mixes a great number of different materials, ranging from the ordinary ones like natural material to the new media like transcription, sound, performance and network, resulting in creating or transforming the perception of the inner heart or the concept of an experience in specific conditions. http://www.ukassignment.org/ Some installation arts are site specific art, which can only exist in the space where they are created, for example the New Museum of Contemporary Art in New York. Installation is more about the interior places while the outer ones are referred to Land art, even though the boundaries between them are not clear and there are some overlaps. The three-dimensional works are often site-oriented. Installation artists are always using the space of exhibition place directly. Using the material culture entities, no matter whether they have been consumed, to do the selection, transformation and assembly artistically, the artists will express the new spiritual culture or art forms of individual or group. Simply speaking, installation art is a sort of comprehensive display including space, material and emotion. When talking about installation art, many people date back to Marcel Duchamp’s art period. During that time, artists use ready-made articles instead of sculptures requiring manual skills in the traditional way. Because installation art has been strongly affected by the 1960s’ art style, in most installation art works, installation artists play an important role. This character makes installation art much further away from traditional sculptures, which focus on formalism.
Installation art has a number of features. First, installation art is type of environment, which audience can situate and expose within. These environments mean both interior and exterior, but mostly, it is the former one. Secondly, installation art is a general concept composed by artists according to particular exhibition venue and space design. Thirdly, just as there cannot be two or more films showing on the same screen at one time, installation art needs corresponding independent space aurally and visually, in case of disturbing by others. Fourthly, audience’s participation is indispensable to installation art, which is a stretching part of people’s daily life. Fifthly, the environment installation art created, may lead audience or compel them in certain space switching from passively appreciating to subjectively feeling, which needs positive thinking as well as body involving. Sometimes, taste and touching are also needed. And another point is that installation art is not limited to art genres, it can synthetically use drawing, sculpture, architecture, music and son on. It is an open art form. Sometimes, the stimulating factors are exaggerated. What’s more, installation art is short-term, not for collecting. The last one is that installation art can change from time to time. Artists can match up with different members in the same place during the exhibition. Or in different locations make new team with other people, even increasing or decreasing the number of articles or the team members.
1.2 Examples of famous Installation artists
Installation art began in 1960s, also named environment art. As an art form, it has close relationship with Pop-art, Minimalism and Conceptual Art. During these just few decades, installation art has become a new trend in arts fields and as a result, a lot of painters and sculptors title themselves as installation artists. In Western countries, there are special installation art galleries, such as the Installation Art Museum in London and the Kappa Street Installation Art Centre in San Francisco, which was an old isolated building in 1983 and in 2000 developed to four constructions. The newly rising institute of contemporary arts in New York is almost a huge exhibition hall of installation art. In the Western countries, installation art is becoming more and more important and some colleges are setting up courses about this subject.
YBA is the abbreviation of Young British Artists, which dominated the art scene in Britain during the 1990s. In the year 1988, a group of young artists held an exhibition called Freeze of their works in a small warehouse in Eastern London. And in the following 9 years, their wonderful and creative compositions are making great change in the world. And in 1997, they make a display called the feeling, attracting more than 300 thousand people to attend. Damien Hirst, Tracey Emin and Chris Ofili have become famous artists in England and even in the whole world.
Damien Hirst is an internationally renowned installation artist as well as entrepreneur and art collector. Of course he is an indispensable member of YBA. His first solo exhibition took place in temporary arts centre in 1991. In 1988, the exhibition, Freeze, make him stand out. This exhibition is a show of installation art. In the narrow and small space of some industrial warehouses, Damien brings visual impact on his audience. And this show has been regarded as the pioneer of British 1990s art movements. Then in 1994, he made another display called some went mad, some run away.
Damien Hirst is interested in the relationship between science and art and he is always adding medicine to his works, such as tablets, medicine cabinet and drugs. In his installation art, his dots are imitating the medical color code. Damien is also using materials from everyday life, like desks and cigarette which can be seen in the acquired inability to escape. Although there is no human, the scene implies people’s absence. We live in a manmade environment, concise and clean casement window reminds us that it is an aquarium or zoo. But Damien, an installation artist, speaks out the idea of escaping, by using the smoke of cigarette seeing through the window. Because the casement window is airtight, it is impossible to go out of it. A chair and a desk are typical elements of official appliance, serving as the sign of human’s existence, just like articles of handicrafts. He also can express his ideas that life cannot be confined in a barren and artificial environment and only the functions can be simplified.
Death and the limitation of life is another theme in Damien’s works. He is famous for soaking animal corpses and conducting a series of artworks in which dead animals are principal parts. The away from the flock in 1994 is one of his representative articles, which shows a sheep’s corpse. And in the girls, who like boys, who like boys, who like girls, like boys, he used many beautiful butterflies as well as glooming shavers. He wants to tell audience the briefness of life. In this installation art, although butterflies contribute to the pleasing to the eyes, shavers warn people that dangers always exist and the beauty of matter is not perpetual. The colors on the canvas extrude the complexity of physiological attraction.
Tracey Emin is also a British installation artist and a member of YBA. Emin has poured her enthusiasm to create a lot of installation art works. Poor Thing is made up of two hanging frames as well as hospital gowns and a water bottle. Another work called Feeling Pregnant is a similar one, which is made up of fabric hung off wooden and metal coat hangers. Her relationship with pregnancy and http://www.ukassignment.org/dxessay/ abortion can be reflected in these articles. The perfect place to grow is a video installation, in which there are a set consisting of a wooden birdhouse. This birdhouse is created by her father and this work shows the concept of nature and nurture. Emin’s solo display called knowing my enemy is really a large installation art show. There are consisting of reclaimed wood and steel. Through the woods, Emin successfully expressed the feeling that only a person with a broken heart can feel.
In China, in 1980s the public began to know and like installation art because one of the famous American Pope artists came to National Art Museum of China to hold a display during that time. This ignites Chinese artists’ interests towards installation art. In the following ten years’ explosion and development, an increasing number of artists and ordinary people are known, understanding and falling love with this special art style. In Chinese Ceramics field, installation art is playing a more important role, which makes the old and traditional ceramics manufacture industry to a new era.
2. Chinese Ceramics
Modern Chinese ceramics, distinct and epochal, is a newly-coming art. Of course, it developed from traditional Chinese ceramics, whose most striking feature is practical utility. And at the prime time, modern Chinese ceramics is aiming at objecting to traditional aesthetic. In the creation of modern Chinese ceramics, it is normal and encouraged that getting rid of the use value of ceramics when considering beauty and ornamental value. But modern Chinese ceramics are not totally abandoning the traditional features, instead, they are more inclined to breakthrough their own practical applicability. It originates during the Western comprehensive development of modern art, by whose impact, it gradually get rid of the bondage of traditional pottery break free, and borrows the essence of the various categories of art applying for its own use. So both the form of expression and artistic style are achieving great development. We can easily find that installation art have a huge influence from diverse dimensions on Modern Chinese ceramics considering the multi-styles. Modern Chinese ceramics is a new visual art form, which express the artists’ creation feelings in the greatest degree and without any limitation. It is a specific kind of installation art, which means that the artists use ceramic materials or mainly use those as the body, escaping from its original using functions, to express the ideas, personalities, inner emotions and perceptions. And this kind of art form is focus on the interior heart feelings but not the objective world, which means human creativity.
2.1 Features of Chinese Ceramics
Ceramics is an art formfirst appeared in the history of human civilization, and this form is the purest and simplestin kinds of arts. What’s more, it has an incomparable mysteriousness and abstract.From the aesthetic needs of the ceramic art, everyone can understand the cultural connotations of an era and a country's national spirit.In Jingdezhen, China's ancient rulers have repeatedly set up the kiln factories which played a certain role in the development of the ceramic and improvement.But latter, due to the low of the rulers aesthetic standards but also they had an arty vanity mentality, Chinese ceramics formed a complicated, piled up, artificial and empty palace art format so that both the official wares and the folk kilns appeared.
In spite of passing through the ups and downs of the different dynasties, the folk pottery still shows its extraordinary vitality. Now, under the modern aesthetic taste driving and in the global trend of returning to basics and nature, it is more highly valued and tenacious developed. Folk pottery is from the local materials, the local production and it has the local features and the local customs so that it is very strong as a mass creation. Some folk potteries are practical but others are used to purely appreciate. From their modeling to decoration, they are neither from the significant historical subject nor the reality of significant content. They frequently more reflect the people’s desire with honesty, good, ideal and good fortune as well as revealing the pure local feelings and the profound trickling thoughts on life and nature. Their forms are elegant, simple and without modification. In addition, they do not seek to the shapes but only can the expression meaning be clear. The craftsman's cut way can also be handled skillfully, lively, wildly, freely and easily naturally. In the case of the image processing, the craftsman can handle with a technique of the high degree concise summary to achieve a exaggeration, a unique beauty fun and interesting.
China's modern ceramics should be subordinate to one of the modern ceramic arts, but it is developed and portrayed in the spiritual realm. Classicism, due to the lack of inherent subjectivity, was finally disintegrated. Now, under the large industrial revolution raging condition, the advent of the postindustrial era becomes the foundation of the symbolism and romanticism return while the existentialism and the futurism has been sublimated and stable. And the rise and development of modern ceramics could demonstrate the above changes as well as all these are an important part of the modernism. Modern pottery is a part of the modern art which is closely related to the development of the modern science and technology, the changes of people's aesthetic orientation and the human mental factors. It is a ceramic art with the aid of the modern technology which is integrated into the contemporary individual aesthetic and the humanistic concepts. Modern pottery pays more attention to develop and portray in the spiritual realm which makes it full of the symbolic and romantic features. The ceramic born with the classical temperament and the unique fate bring up a true history of 10,000 years. It embodies the deep mud, the aura of water, the flowing of gas and the most spectacular act is integrated into the passion of fire. With the development of the liberalization and diversification of the modern art, people’s creative passion and the style of the pursuit of individuation and characteristic are becoming more apparent. It is this rapid change that the exchange and the mix among many art categories become an effective way of its development.
2.2 Development under Installation Art’s Influence
With the development of modern ceramics, the modern pottersfocus oncombining modern ceramics with installation art when they work in the creation. And their creative ideas also emphasize on integrating the form and content with the worksenvironment, the lighting, color and the works placements. From installation art, the modern potters figure out the meeting point with the new manifestations of modern ceramics which use the commontechniquesin installation art such as the background, the environment, the space andthe lighting to modern ceramics.This change makes the pottery worksreveal a new look visual effects in emotion, ideas, and works as a whole expression form.
2.2.1 New Trends
The separation between the art and non-art, the artistic aesthetic and everyday experienceadvocated by the modernistwill inevitably lead to modernism toward elitism but elitismexistsopposite to the popular culture.Modern ceramicswhich were born in the flood of modernist makes efforts to show the dirt and glaze fire meanwhile it committed to be sharply demarcated fromthe public well-known household utensilsas well as the traditional ornamental ceramic. The ceramics deeply rooted in the consciousness of ordinary people must exist with a complete stranger, honorableimage in order to obtain the legal status of its existence.
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At the outset, modern ceramics with the face of the abstract expressionism are far away from the popular aesthetic level and fun. Installation art as a kind of postmodern art form and art means, however, is initially filled with the popular quality. It takes the readymade which the public familiar with as the media of the works expression, and pays attention to the social life experience in present reality through a comprehensive and large-field display. Furthermore, it is a art form and artistic means with a tendency of returning to the general public in the expression language and performance. With the vigorous development of installation art, its aesthetic characteristics gradually appear in a number of ceramic works. Following human life, the ceramics has a history of thousands of years. The popular trend of modern ceramics in the form of language and content become into a popular trend which are the reverse of the pottery aesthetic value in a sense.
Ceramic works influenced by installation art generates the three-dimensional display layout, and they get rid of the appreciation way of the contemplation and one-way in the traditional sense hanged in the wall. For the sake of achieving the proper display results, a lot of pottery works use the way so that the works display becomes more active and three-dimensional. In such circumstances, the original prominent function of the producers in the whole process becomes tend to integration with the pottery works and the audience participation. Many ceramic works emphasize the interaction of the works with the audiences which can help the producers close to the works with the audiences. In the interactive process, they may complete the works together. The behaviors of the audiences, as an integral part of an art work, promote the audience to think deeply and the enthusiasm and initiative of exploring the work on the original basis. Therefore, it can be said that installation art promote some ceramic works to emphasize on from the traditional art turning to the dialogue and communication of the works with the audiences and society.
Organic combination with the space can be seen as a further extension of the concept of installation art space field introduced by modern ceramics. The ceramic works produced by the potters according to the specific exhibition space are a whole art designed to aim at the specific exhibition space which links the works with the characteristics of the exhibition space such as light, space structure, and even cultural background and so on so that the language of the works is more rich and diverse through the use of a comprehensive way. Firstly, potters create and design based on the works exhibition space. And then they produce according to their designs. Because of full consideration to the specific environment, its exhibition effect is very integrated like that the work and the display space emerge together which seem very harmonious so as to achieve the effect of moisturizes things in silence
2.2.2 Examples
Under the trend of the pursuit of the large volume andshock, the potters have to carve out a newstyle of the pottery language in the contemporary art. The display of installation art with assembledfreely can refrain fromthe restriction of the ceramic materials.Potters can firesome single bodies’pottery works withless complicated volume but not large3. After the combination, the layout and the assembly, they are shown as the same pottery works with a complex and changing shape and a large volume such as “where I live, where the sky is”, American ceramic artist Jenny Quinn's work.This is a typical pottery works borrowing the device means. In an indoor space, the author combined and connected in series these ceramic parts of the less complex single-piece body to form the effective use of the space from the ceiling to the ground as well as the middle space. Then, reproduce a breeze and oblique rain poetic scene to create both an abstract and figurative, both a realistic and surreal aesthetic space by the adoption of the ceramic material. Carefully observe the detail of the work, you will find that the author has a very high professional standard on preparing the glaze, grasping the sintering temperature and using the firing methods, etc. If the author did not use cleverly a device means to express, she could not have shown so thoroughly the instant beauty of the clouds, the rain and the breeze.#p#分页标题#e#
In addition, Space Program, Lu Pin Chang's work, is not only a new creative but also an objective practice which pays attention to the development of contemporary ceramics and the process of civilization through combining skillfully the oldest pottery culture with the technological culture by means of materials. And, Tofu, Chen Jingliang ceramics installation work, reflects a hidden cultureanxiety. The earthen tofu and old-fashioned wooden frame presented by the refining modern art evokes people’s gradually forgotten memories to the tradition and heavy hits people’s heart. China Road, Li Lihong'sceramics installation work, was exhibited inShanghai Art Biannual in 2006. The perfect match between traditional factors and modernity in the work revealintuitivelythe trend of modern ceramics which tends to the popularization and people’s daily life. At the same time, it also reflects that the author wish Chinese traditional culture to constantly develop.So installation art is very important to the development of modern ceramics in this respect.
3. Conclusion
In the post-modern environment, the boundaries among the various disciplines and categories become blurred.Similarly, in the development of the art, the cross-influence among different art schools and art formsis very common. To promote their own development and innovation, absorbing useful factors from different forms of artistic expression is an inevitable choicefor kinds of art forms. The impact of the aesthetic characteristics of installation art on modern ceramics enriches the creative content of this emerging art form. And it has deep impact on the ceramic product design concepts, methods and principles to promote the healthy development of modern ceramics.
Reference
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