|
学术性essay写作句型、句式
学术essay写作不同于一般写作，初学者会对学术写作感到很棘手，无从下笔。这篇文章给大家介绍一下学术essay的结构和在每个部分中常见到的词组与句式，使用这些词组或句式可以使academic writing能力有显著性的提高。
1.INTRODUCTION——简介
简介部分一般回顾一下课题所在的大背景，然后介绍一下本篇essay中的工作内容。
-
This essay will deal with the following aspects of the question...
-
The aim of this essay is ......
2. GIVING AN OVERVIEW OF THE ESSAY CONTENT——essay内容综述
论文有可以有严格的分块，下面这些语句用来介绍论文的结构。这部分也在简介中给出。
-
In order to link.... with ...., the background to ... will be briefly outlined.
-
The first part of the analysis will examine....
-
The second part of this analysis will consider...
-
The final level of the analysis consists of...
3. MAKING A POINT——表达观点
表达观点时可以使用下面的句式和关键词。这些语句在全文所有部分都可能用到。
-
It is clear/ noticeable that...
-
It is necessary/ important/ useful/ interesting/to note/point out/ highlight/ emphasise that
4.EMPHASIS MARKERS——强调用语
在表达核心观点或重要想法时，不要用“I think”这种模糊不定的句式。下面的三种词性的单词都可以用上。
-
形容词: main, crucial, important, significant, key, essential
-
名词: focus, element, concept, theory, aspect, part, idea, point, argument, discussion, debate
-
动词: to emphasise, to summarise, to focus, to highlight
示例如下
-
The key aspect of this argument is
-
The most crucial point made so far
-
It is worth noting that
-
Another relevant point is that
5.INTRODUCING A NEW IDEA——介绍新内容
下面这些用语用在提示读者，下面的内容的中心不再是上段落或者上个句子的内容。使用这些句式会给读者带来更清晰的结构。
-
Turning now to the question of
-
Bearing in mind the previous points,
-
Having considered (X)
-
With regard to
-
As far as ....... is concerned
6. HEDGING——不明确的表述
有时候你对于一个事件或者一个研究的理论不是非常确定，因为目前并没有一个公认的解释，或者只有你发表了看法。如果不是核心内容，有时对一些情况太多确定并不严谨，因此谨慎地表达你的态度。不需要太多确定的话，可以使用下面的单词来表达你的不确定：
CAN MAY COULD MIGHT WILL WOULD SHALL SHOULD, OUGHT TO, MUST, NEEDN'T
示例如下：
-
It could/might be said that ....
-
It seems/appears ...
-
It is generally thought/considered ......
-
Some/many people think/believe ......
7.CITING RESEARCH——引用研究
在介绍其他人的研究结果时，使用下面的语句：
-
It has been found that
-
Research has shown that
8. MAKING HYPOTHESES——做假设
在进行理论解释时，经常会用到理论假设，要注意将假设内容向读者阐述清楚。
9.STATING CONDITIONS——阐述情况
-
Given that
-
Provided that
-
Granted that
-
If it is the case that & then,
10.GIVING EXAMPLES——举例子
-
For example/instance
-
In this situation/case
-
To illustrate
11. ADDING INFORMATION——附加信息
-
Again/ besides/ equally important/ in addition/ further/ furthermore/ moreover
-
It must also be noted/ remembered that
12. DISCUSSION MARKERS——讨论表述
-
On the one hand, on the other hand
-
Although it may be true that....however
-
Whilst it is generally agreed that
-
There exists a contradiction between ..... and
-
Those in favour of/ Supporters/Advocates of
-
Those opposed to/ Critics of
13.RE-PHRASING——重新表述
-
In other words
-
To put it another way
-
That is to say
14. EVALUATIVE LANGUAGE——评价用语
有时需要对自己的研究或者其他文献中的观点，下面的单词将会有很大帮助。
-
Positive adjectives: remarkable, innovative, complex, interesting, profound, comprehensive, powerful, rigorous, systematic, useful, sensitive, reliable, logical,
-
Negative adjectives: flawed, modest, unsatisfactory, inadequate, limited, restricted
-
Nouns: synthesis, survey, topic, study, review, history, concept, area, theme, overview, analysis, system
-
Verbs: explain, discuss, study, present, describe, bring into focus, consider, explore, illuminate, introduce, analyse, constitute
示例如下：
-
The UNO has published an interesting survey...
-
It presents a useful concept...
-
However, the study is limited in that...
15. REPEATING——重复
如果不是必须的话，尽量不要重复之前的观点或者示例，这样会显得文章内容很单薄。在必须引用之前的内容时，可以使用下面的语句：
-
To return to an earlier point
-
As noted before/above
16. SUMMING UP——总结
-
Briefly, we can say/ it can be said that
-
To sum up
-
Hence/therefore/accordingly/ consequently
-
The evidence suggests, therefore
-
In general what this means/ suggests/ indicates is
-
It is clear from the above that
17.CONCLUSION——做结论
-
To conclude/In conclusion,
|
