由于中西方语言的差异，导致不少国内学生在刚踏入国外大学时总不能适应essay写作，这其中就包括在写作过程中，关于词汇使用不当所造成的，在写作Essay时，很多留学生会是用错误的词汇，甚至在句中放错位置，导致无法正确表达句意，甚至产生歧义等现象，国外大学对于学术是非常严谨的，所以这种现象会直接影响到essay的成绩。因此，留学生们在进行Essay写作时在使用某些词汇时要十分留意，下面留学生作业网就给大家列举一些范例来给大家讲解Essay写作该如何避免发生歧义。
例1：Adverse reactions to drugs and anaesthetists.
改进：Anaesthetists and adverse reactions to drugs.
分析：原文容易让人产生疑惑，到底是Adverse reactions to drugs and anaesthetists，还是Adverse reactions to drugs and anaesthetists，也就是这个to到底是管到drugs还是anaesthetists。
作者的原意是：Adverse reactions to drugs and anaesthetists，所以，为了避免歧义，我们把anaesthetists放在最前面，这样就避免了上面的疑惑。
例2：a series of fixed duration sequential constant rate infusions
改进：sequential infusions of constant rate and fixed duration
分析：原文中infusions的修饰部分太长了。首先，我们可以考虑加上连字符，这样意思就清晰了很多：a series of fixed-duration sequential constant-rate infusions。不过infusions的修饰部分仍然很长，我们可以考虑把修饰部分放到infusions的后面：a series of sequential infusions of constant rate and fixed duration。最后，a series of 和sequential意思重复，二者取其一即可。
例3：crevicular fluid biochemical profile complexity
改进：complexity of the biochemical profile of crevicular fluid
分析：原文修饰成分堆砌严重，可以逐一分离，把修饰关系厘清。 biochemical profile是指crevicular fluid的，所以不妨写成biochemical profile of crevicular fluid，而complexity是指biochemical profile的，所以可再用一个of，即：complexity of the biochemical profile of crevicular fluid。
例4：The growth factor involvement in this regeneration process has been rather extensively studied.
改进：The involvement of growth factors in this regeneration process has been rather extensively studied.
分析：从growth factor involvement中无法判断是涉及单个growth factor还是多个growth factor，所以改成involvement of growth factors就可以传递这一重要信息，并且避免了词语的堆砌。
例5：At present, health care cost containment remains a national priority…
改进：At present, containment of the cost of health care remains a national priority…
分析：同上例，health care cost containment也存在词语堆砌的问题， 我们可以用of将其进行分割。
例6：Because only K+ evoked noradrenaline release is extracellular Ca2+ dependent our data suggest block of Ca2+ channels.
改进：We suggest the mechanism is by block of Ca2+ channels, because only K+-evoked release of noradrenaline is dependent on extracellular Ca2+.
分析：在原文中，我们需要读到is才意识到K+ evoked noradrenaline release不是名词+动词+名词的形式，而是形容词+名词的形式，所以改成K+-evoked release of noradrenaline会更加一目了然；我们读到dependent才意识到原来是dependent on extracellular Ca2+的意思。
修饰成分过长使得我们总要读到后面的内容才能正确理解前面的内容，这样会导致阅读比较费劲。我们可以添加连字符以及介词（如of、on），并调整单词的顺序，从而让句意一目了然。
例7：Humans with damage to the amygdala have difficulty perceiving fear on someone’s face and do not learn normally to identify stimuli that signal danger.
改进：Humans with damage to the amygdala have difficulty perceiving fear on someone’s face and do not learn to identify normally the stimuli that signal danger.
分析：normally可以表示“正常”的意思（normal learning），也可以表示“通常情况下”的意思（usually the patients do not learn），原文中这两种理解似乎都说得过去。作者的原意是normal learning，所以可以把normally放在to的后面。
不过，一般我们在英文论文写作中尽量避免用副词把不定时结构分开，即：to normally identify，这样会显得比较笨拙，所以可以把normally移至identify的后面，即：to identify normally stimuli that signal danger.
由于stimuli后面接that引导的定语从句对其进行具体描述，所以最好在stimuli前加上the，表示特指。
例8：Traditionally surgical procedures on the knee joint have been performed through arthrotomy incisions.
改进：Surgical procedures on the knee joint have been performed traditionally through arthrotomy incisions.
分析：将Traditionally放在surgical procedures前面容易让人误以为它是修饰surgical的，其实它是修饰performed的，表示through arthrotomy incisions是一种传统的手术方式。所以，最好是将traditionally放在performed的后面。
另外，也可以在Traditionally后面加上一个逗号，将其与surgical procedures分开：Traditionally, surgical procedures on the knee joint have been performed through arthrotomy incisions.
以上就是一些关于如何在Essay写作中有效避免出现歧义现象的举例分析，希望这些内容可以帮到大家在以后的论文作业写作当中避免出现歧义的错误。
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