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Being a Woman
Contents
1. Introduction
2. “The Hymn to Demeter” vs “Odyssey
3. Homeric representation of gender roles
4. Conclusion
作为一个女人
内容
1。介绍
2。“这首诗歌,得墨忒耳”和“奥德赛
3。性别角色的表现。》以寻找荷马
4。结论
介绍
荷马是一位著名的和神秘人物在古代文献中谁作出了重大的贡献的文学发展的时期。他的个性和存在的主题是众多讨论,因为一些专家认为他没有活过但尽管这些观点工作的重要性,即是由荷马,不是较少的显著。
》以寻找荷马的作品具有描述古希腊传统、信仰、定型。在这方面对妇女和她们的作用似乎是一件很有趣的社会的语境中来分析他的作品,如《赞歌得墨忒耳”和“奥德赛”。这两篇作品代表一个渐进发展的作用,将妇女在社会三方面,阐述了在本文。
“这首诗歌,得墨忒耳”和“奥德赛”
在比较两个作品,霍默,“赞歌得墨忒耳”和“奥德赛”,应该说他们代表的观点从最初的过渡到新的patriarchic母系普遍观点在妇女的角色变得更可靠的男人。然而,可能会发现有很多共同的特点,使这两部作品相似。
事实上“赞歌得墨忒耳”描绘女性某种程度上主导和控制的人。显然在这部作品中微量的母系氏族时代非常强烈,因为女神得墨忒耳即是如此之影响力极大,宙斯在内,希腊神殿的头感觉一种忧虑从她的部分。她是那么的有影响力的,“她会摧毁整个种族的男性和会剥夺选手的精彩纪念礼物和祭物设立的”(这首诗歌得墨忒耳的部分)。究其原因,在那个时代女性女神以及传统女性生育能力有很大联系从而在这样一个背景下得墨忒耳的威胁似乎比真正的为古希腊人。
在这方面“赞歌得墨忒耳”是相当不同的“奥德赛”。究其原因,在“赞歌得墨忒耳”的人是非常弱的,完全取决于动物的神和女神将在“奥德赛”象征着越来越大的作用的男人和他们的力量随着降低的作用,是神和女神的符号的转换,发生在古希腊的社会。例如,”奥德赛“备注:“我实实在在的、公平的卡里布索的女神,真想让我与她在洞穴,渴望有25:10耶和华阿、我为她同样也guileful美国建筑师学会,免受瑟茜就会呆在她的大厅里我渴望看我为她的主人。但是没有他们说服我的心在我的乳房”(“奥德赛”)。很明显,它直接反对“单薄部落的男人和神”(“得墨忒耳赞歌”)。
同时这样的改变关心的不仅是神圣的领域,但用于日常生活。在“奥德赛”妇女的角色相比更有限公司为“赞歌得墨忒耳”,在妇女中发挥了极其重要的社会角色,占领了重大的社会位置,而在“奥德赛”妇女的角色是收窄,现在她们基本上是忙于家庭。这样的一个象征忠诚于男人和保持诚实丈夫潘妮洛普,妻子的冒险旅程。她忠于他,带来了他们的儿子。#p#分页标题#e#
此外,如果在“赞歌得墨忒耳”作者描绘女性被欺骗的人比在“奥德赛”他试图描绘女性侵犯的规则”,例如,当谈到免受瑟茜奥德赛“你使我公司在你swines大厅”(“奥德赛”),实际上,一样的可能是说他想留在卡里布索旅程,她。而在“得墨忒耳写给“读者目击者占领普西芬尼。在所以的可能性中,则是另一个逐渐转变的迹象,从母系氏族宗法社会、在这样一个转型负面特征应用到被剥夺了传统性别。
谈到相似之处,就有可能说女人仍扮演着相当重要的作用,在这两部作品虽然在“奥德赛”妇女的角色有显著的改观,因为他们不控制了所有人的生活世界和所有的人,并且神为它曾经在“赞歌得墨忒耳”。但即使谈到女人统治在后者的工作,它仍然是相当关联的,因为在一定程度上代表着这项工作的社会革命的开始,当一个男人,一个女性的绑架,让她顺服和这种趋势只是继续在“奥德赛”。
性别角色的表现。》以寻找荷马
事实上,几乎是不可能的目标表示谈论各自的性别角色在作品中由荷马,包括两个以上讨论。尽管如此,它仍然相当熟练的主要过程,反映了发生在古希腊社会时代。它也应该是说,在荷马不仅是神和人与他的神和女神的行为看起来像普通百姓,相应地,但真正重要的事实是,他们被认为是样品来源的模特的社会行为所必需的。在这样一个背景下降低作用在希腊女神神殿揭示了荷马是相当象征性的。
此外,尽管一定程度的主体性的仍然是不平等之间存在着明显的性别的时代的是荷马的作品。和逐渐增长的作用降低男性的语境中,女性的作用是明显的突出表现的过程中形成的父权社会的。
此外,在“得墨忒耳写给“读者遵守一种钦佩和尊重的女性,在标题中明确,甚至在“奥德赛”对待女人是一件非常关键虽然作者仍然欣赏美,但这样的女性崇拜的行为缺乏社会重要的女性可能进行。
因此可以这样说,在他的作品中,荷马,突显出女人先开始被不同的认知、新素质已成为重要,如忠诚,宽容,等。在所有的概率”这首诗歌,得墨忒耳”和“奥德赛”作为比较对象的基础有可能承认得墨忒耳曾经是一个理想的女人拥有这样的性格特征后将被认为是男性,比如她无惧找到珀尔塞福涅,而在“奥德赛”潘妮洛普取而代之,一个女人来说,这等于听话又忠于她的丈夫,对于她的家庭来说是至关重要的。
结论
无论如何,在总结陈述的性别荷马的作品应该说,它们反映了不公平的态度不平等地位引起的男性和女性在古希腊的社会。
因此,考虑到所有上面提到的,它是可能得出这样的结论:荷马熟练地反映了社会观念的变化对妇女的角色,他在社会中的令人烦恼的趋势为女性越来越被剥夺了,发现它不仅反映在他们的日常生活,但在艺术和文学特殊的。和这正是使自己的作品对当代读者如此重要,因为他们帮助你理解人们如何住几千年前和一种社会在那个时代的问题,因为知识存在于过去能真正有助于更好的理解存在的问题和解决方法。#p#分页标题#e#http://www.ukassignment.org/daixietermpaper/daixieyingguotermpaper/2011/1101/18141.html
Introduction
Homer is a famous and mysterious figure in the ancient literature who made a significant contribution in the development of literature of all times. His personality and existence is the subject for numerous discussions since some specialists consider that he did not live at all but despite these arguments the importance of works, which are known as works by Homer, is not less significant.
Homeric works are characterized by description of ancient Greek traditions, beliefs, stereotypes. At this respect the attitude to women and their role in the society seem to be very interesting to analyze in the context of his works, such as “The Hymn to Demeter” and “The Odyssey”. These two works represent a gradual evolution on the role of women in society that will be discussed in terms of this paper.
On comparing two works by Homer, “The Hymn to Demeter” and “The Odyssey”, it should be said that they represent the transition of views from initially matriarchal prevailing to the new patriarchic views where the role of women becomes more dependable on men. Nonetheless, there may be found a lot of common features that make both works similar.
In fact “The Hymn to Demeter” depicts women to a certain extent dominating and controlling people. obviously in this work the traces of the matriarchal epoch are very strong because the Goddesses, namely Demeter, are so influential that even Zeus, the head of the Greek pantheon feels a kind of apprehension from her part. She is so influential that “she would have destroyed whole race of men and would have deprived Olympians of splendid honor of gifts and sacrifices” (The Hymn to Demeter). The reason is that at that epoch women Goddesses as well as women at large were traditionally associated with fertility consequently in such a context Demeter’s threats seemed to be more than real for ancient Greeks.
At this respect “The Hymn to Demeter” is quite different from “The Odyssey”. The reason is that in “The Hymn to Demeter” people are very weak creatures fully depending on Gods and Goddesses will while “The Odyssey” symbolizes the increasing role of men and their power along with the decreasing role of Gods and Goddesses that is one of the symbols of the transformations that took place in the ancient Greek society. For instance, Odyssey remarks: “Verily Calypso, the fair Goddess, would fain have kept me with her in hallow caves, longing to have me for her lord; and likewise too, guileful Circe of Aia, would have stayed me in her halls longing to have me for her lord. But never did they prevail upon my heart within my breast” (“The Odyssey”). Obviously it directly opposes to “feeble tribes of men and Gods” (“The Hymn to Demeter”).
At the same time such transformation concerned not only divine sphere but everyday life as well. In “The Odyssey” the role of women is more limited as compared to “The Hymn to Demeter”, where women played a very important social role and occupied significant social position while in “The Odyssey” the role of women is narrowed and now women are basically occupied with the family. A symbol of such loyalty to a man and keeping faithfulness to the husband is Penelope, the wife of Odyssey. She remains loyal to him and brings up their son.#p#分页标题#e#
Furthermore, if in “The Hymn to Demeter” the author depicts women being deceived by men than in “The Odyssey” he attempts to depict women as violating ‘rules’, for instance, when Odyssey speaks about Circe “who hast turned my company in swines within thy halls” (“The Odyssey”), practically the same may be said about Calypso who wanted to stay Odyssey with her. While in “The Hymn to Demeter” a reader witnesses the capture of Persephone. In all probability it is another evidence of the gradual transformation from matriarchal to patriarchal society and in such a transformation negative features traditionally were applied to the deprived gender.
Speaking about similarities, it is possible to say that women still play quite a significant role in both works though in “The Odyssey” the role of women have significantly been decreased since they do not control the life of the whole world and all people and Gods as it used to be in “The Hymn to Demeter”. But even speaking about women domination in the latter work, it is still quite relevant because to a certain extent this work symbolizes a ‘gender revolution’ that has been started when a man, on kidnapping a woma, made her to obey and this trend was only continued in “The Odyssey”.
Homeric representation of gender roles
In fact it is hardly possible to speak about objective representation of gender roles in works by Homer, including the two discussed above. Nonetheless, it is still quite skillful and reflects the main processes that took place in the ancient Greek society at the epoch. It should be also said that in Homer represents both Gods and people and his Gods and Goddesses look like ordinary people and behave correspondingly but what is really important is the fact that they were perceived as samples as sources for models of social behavior. In such a context the decreasing role of Goddesses in the Greek pantheon revealed by Homer is quite symbolic.
Furthermore, despite a certain degree of subjectivity it is still obvious the inequality that existed between genders at the epoch of Homer. And the gradual growth of the role of men in the context of decreasing role of women is evident that obviously reflected the process of the formation of patriarchal society.
Furthermore, in “The Hymn to Demeter” a reader observe a kind of admiration and respecting of women that is clear even from the title while in “The Odyssey” the attitude to women is very critical though the author still admires with women beauty but such admiration lacks of socially significant actions that women could carry on.
Consequently it may be said that in his works Homer underlines the fact that women get started to be perceived differently and new qualities have become important, such as loyalty, tolerance, etc. In all probability if “The Hymn to Demeter” and “The Odyssey” are taken as the basis for comparison than it would be possible to admit that Demeter used to be an ideal woman which possess such traits of character which later would be considered typically male, for instance her boldness to find Persephone, while in “The Odyssey” Penelope takes her place, a woman that is obedient and loyal to her husband, for her family is of a paramount importance.#p#分页标题#e#
Conclusion
Anyway, on summarizing the presentation of genders in Homer’s works it should be said that they reflect unfair attitude caused by unequal position of men and women in the ancient Greek society.
Thus, taking into account all above mentioned, it is possible to conclude that Homer has skillfully reflected the changes in social views on the role of women in the society and he underlined the disturbing trends for women which became more and more deprived that found its reflection not only in their everyday life but in art and in literature in particular. And this is exactly what makes his works so important for contemporary readers since they help to understand how people lived thousands of years ago and what a kind of society was in that epoch because knowledge about problems that existed in the past can really contribute to better understanding of the current problems and their solution.
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