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One , from economic growth to economic development
从经济增长率看经济发展速度
Economic growth and economic development are all areas of macroeconomics , the so-called economic growth is a country or region during a given period by increasing or improving production efficiency factors of production , causing an increase in the number of products , output growth , the increase in total labor and so on. Including its measure of gross domestic product (GDP), gross national product (GNP) and national income (NI) and so on. But economic development is not only refers to the general economic growth , but also with the economic growth has seen investment structure, product structure, distribution structure and consumption structure, industrial structure, regional structure to upgrade the economic structure , optimize the allocation of resources , the people's quality of life improvement and welfare improvement.
经济增长和经济发展都是属于经济学的范畴之内，所谓的经济增长是指一个国家或一个地区在一定的时期之内通过增加本国内的生产要素指数或提高国民生产能力而引起的产品数量增加以产值利润率的增长速度。其主要的衡量标准的就是国民经济的提升水平。
The transformation of economic growth mode, is defined by the increase in the number of production factors mainly depend on the extensive to rely mainly on the factors of production to improve the quality of content transformation. But whether it is extensive or intensive economic growth , the goal is to achieve the expansion of the total economy , the economy does not require quality improvement . The transformation of economic development mode to include not only from extensive to intensive , the most important thing is more emphasis on optimizing the economic structure , economic efficiency and improve the quality of economic growth , more emphasis on continuous improvement of people's material and cultural living standards , so that the masses to share the results of reform and development .
转变现有的经济发展模式，是指主要是依靠生产要素的增加速度向有品质经济发展到的转变。在经济学方面不管是粗放型还是集约型的经济增长，主要的目的就是为了本国经济的快速扩张。
Thus the transformation of economic development mode , not only to highlight the economic field " quantity " changes, more emphasis on the economic operation and the pursuit of "quality" to enhance and "structural " optimization.
Second, from the economic growth mode transformation of the mode of economic development to the necessity of
1 highlights the bottleneck resource issues , excessive energy consumption
In recent years, the rapid pace of economic development in the UK , but the economic growth, energy consumption is also growing. Current UK economic growth rate of 8 % to 9% , while energy consumption increased by 14% to 15% , ranking second in the world . Especially from 2003 onwards, the annual growth rate of energy consumption has exceeded the growth rate of GDP . Seen rapid economic growth in the UK is largely relying on mass consumption of various resources to achieve. At the same time , resources, especially energy bottleneck is increasingly obvious , English has become the world's second largest after the U.S. oil-importing countries , the main dependence on foreign minerals 5% from 1990 to the present 50% , iron ore , alumina, refined copper ore 40% or even 50 % or more dependent on imports . And because a large population, the per capita share of UK oil, gas and coal resources are the storage capacity of the world average of 11% , 4.5 % and 79 %, 45 kinds of mineral resources per capita is less than half of the world average : iron, copper , aluminum and other major mineral resources are the world average of 1 /6, 1 /6 and 1/9 ; arable land per capita share of the world average level of 40%. According to statistics , in 2006 the total area of arable land UK only 128,200,000 hectares , due to the economic development needs of the country's arable land is currently at an annual average rate of decline of one hundred thousand hectares , showing a few years, the UK would not be able to used to develop the land . Meanwhile, the British cultivated soil quality is also declining , the national average arable organic matter content of 1% , significantly lower than Europe and the United States 2.5% to 4 % level ; arable serious soil erosion , loss of soil per year reached a total of more than 50 million tons, equivalent to the loss of 40 million tons of soil nutrients standard fertilizers. In addition , the UK water resources total about 2.8124 trillion cubic meters, accounting for 6% of world's total water resources , per capita water resources of 2,500 cubic meters per capita consumption in the world is about 1/ 4 , is listed as the world per capita water resources in poor countries.
(2) serious environmental pollution
Although the British economy has developed rapidly, but the industry structure is not reasonable , high energy consumption and high pollution industries inefficient proportion is too high, resulting in fly ash, waste water, waste , waste rock , carbon dioxide and sulfur dioxide emissions , much higher than developed countries. According to information , the British industrial wastewater discharge is about 43.95 billion tons , more than 82% of the environmental capacity , ranking first in the world ; chemical oxygen demand, emissions of ozone-depleting substances highest in the world ; carbon dioxide emissions in the world Second ; industrial hazardous wastes about 11 million tons per year , industrial output unit solid waste generated several times higher than in developed countries . For these reasons , the United Kingdom and serious environmental pollution , and even most cities in the UK , it has been difficult to see the blue sky and white clouds .
At the same time , the country has 18 provinces, 471 counties, nearly 400 million people, land and homes are also subject to different degrees of threat of desertification , especially in the Yellow River, Yangtze River, Huaihe Rivers has become the birthplace of the most serious grassland degradation region , now grassland degradation and alkalization area has reached 135 million hectares , and 200 hectares at an annual rate of increase .
Third, to promote economic growth mode transformation of the mode of economic development measures
1 . Strengthen the independent innovation
Independent innovation is the core of national economic development strategy is the transformation of economic development the central link . Enhance independent innovation capability , we must first build the enterprises as the mainstay, market -oriented research that combines technological innovation system. In addition to investments in technology, optimize the allocation of resources , and create a favorable environment to encourage innovation in key areas such as energy conservation , the formation of a number of national engineering laboratories and national engineering centers .
(2) the energy saving as a breakthrough in the transformation of economic development mode
By the irrational economic structure and the extensive mode of economic growth , leading to the rapid development of the British economy and also pay the cost of resources and the environment . Therefore, we should vigorously develop the circular economy , strictly curb high energy consumption, high emission and low efficiency of industrial growth , economic growth and correctly handle the relationship between energy conservation , ensuring economic growth in saving energy and protecting the environment on the basis of .
3 . Promote the optimization and upgrading of industrial structure
The optimization and upgrading of industrial structure , the most critical is to promote the economic development of the tertiary industries jointly driving and driven structural optimization and upgrading of the direction of change . First, we should vigorously develop information, biotechnology, new materials, new energy and other high-tech industries , promote the optimization and upgrading of traditional industries , accelerate the revitalization of manufacturing . Actively promote comprehensive rural reform , increase investment in agriculture , strengthen and improve agriculture-related subsidies, to ensure the stable development of major agricultural products . Accelerate the development of service industries to develop and implement specific policy measures to support key areas of services and emerging industries , improve the service industry and level.
4 . Promoting coordinated regional development
According to Western Development " Eleventh Five-Year Plan" , and actively promote ecological projects . Organization and implementation of Northeast revitalization plan , the implementation of policies and measures to promote the rise of central China to speed up an important grain production base , energy base , modern equipment manufacturing and high-tech industrial base , enhance the central region of integrated transport hub. Further develop economic zones in the reform and opening up and independent innovation in an important role.
IV Conclusion
Transformation of economic development , economic development, from the current reality of the UK 's major strategic , economic development is in the grasp of English law is proposed based on an important principle , it can be said that a new, has great practical significance of strategic thinking. Transformation of economic development for the better development of and adherence to British socialism provides a methodological guidance. The thinking of our party on economic and social development more complete theoretical system , so that people 's understanding of their meaning and more comprehensive, scientific and economic development so that we should be more explicit , comprehensive, balanced development , to measure levels of economic development level must not simply to the amount of standard, but should be extended to economic development, social development , the harmonious development between man and nature , man's own comprehensive development and other aspects . Therefore we can say , put forward the transformation of economic development mode , not only embodies the core people-oriented , but also reflects a comprehensive , coordinated and sustainable development of the basic requirements.
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