管理的意义

Management Essay:管理的意义

The Meaning Of Management 

 

管理的定义是实现目标的过程。它可以是一个个体或一个群体,它有一个充满技能,经验和知识的系统。他们应该设计过程组织和控制。管理不仅是一种社会现象,也是与人类社会活动共同生存着。管理是人类社会的产物,组织是基本原始的方式来管理。

最重要的任务是通过监控来管理人们,让人们和公司同时使用最大资源帮助改善和发展业务，来获取利润。

在一个公司中，人力资源是最基本和重要的部分,如果管理可以组织得很好,他们可以得到最好的效益。一个好的领导者应该使用正确的方法来管理资源,不仅仅认为他们是否使用正确的人。他们应该知道如何使用和分配他们。这不仅仅是使用一些著名的建议或理论,它应该结合时代变化和问题。然而,对于不同级别的人员管理方法是不同的。高技能工人和自我激励的员工经理应该被授权。对初学者或少激励员工,经理应该要注意输出。

实现对客户、供应商和股东是下一个重要组成部分。(课本p8)。会议中客户的满意度是要求质量,风格,数量和服务。因此,一个成功的管理应该有一个组织来获得客户的忠诚。从供应商那里获得长期供应，并从股东那里获得投资，这些都是需要有一个全面的管理系统。

最后,利用最大的利润和最小资源。他们是取决于组织的预算。

 

管理的特征

 

管理是一种活动,是关注持续的过程。组织,激活和控制人力资源和金钱的方法。

 

The definition of management is the process of achieving target. It can be a individual or a group , it has a system with skills,experience and knowledge. They should design de process org anise and control.(Kalyan-city.blogspot.co.uk) Management is not only a social phenomenon, but also survive with human society activities. Management is the product of human society, organization is the basic and original ways to manage.

 

The most important tasks to management are monitoring the people, helping improve and develop business and using maximum resources to make profits for both people and company.

 

Human resource is the most basic and important part in a company, if management can organize it well, they can get the best benefits back. A good leader should use right ways to manage this source, not only think are they using the right people or not. They should know how to use and distribute them. It is not only using some famous advice or theories, it should combined both the times change and problems. However, for different levels of people management is different. For Higher skill workers and self-motivated employees the manager should be authorized. For beginners or less motivation workers, manager should must pay attention on the output. (suite101.com)

 

Achieving things for customers, suppliers and shareholders is the next essential part.(textbook p8 ). Customers' satisfaction is from meeting their demands for quality , style, quantity and service. Therefor, a successful management should have a organization to get customers' loyalty. Getting long-term supply from suppliers and keep investment from shareholders these are all need have a rounded managerial system.

 

Finally, making maximum profit with minimum resources. They are depends on organization by budgeting.

 

管理的特征——2. Characteristics of management

 

Management is an activity which is concerned with the continues process.(preservearticles.com) It is organizing, activating and the methods to control the human resources and money. Therefor, they can get the most profits from organization.

 

Management also can be a career, it has widely concept. It can be divided into lots of parts. Such as marketing, accounting, promotion and personnel. It is a science, not like normal science,it is the science for research methods by knowledge system in management area.

 

It is a guide for achieving target. The successful or failure is depends on the what the target is and how to achieve it. Has a good and reasonable target can motivate employees to work harder and using less sources to make more profits.

 

Management is the symbolize of authority. Because of the managers should have ability on guide, control and direct. So authority is a essential characteristic for managers in management. Therefore, leadership comes out, so it should have a monitor to lead the team to successful.

 

Decision- making, it involves make decision at every single level in company.It should consider the different ways of methods to facing different problems.Its very important for the development of company's future.

 

Working with people . Management is include distribute works to people by levels of skill and knowledge and also through training to improve their skills for different areas in company. Therefore, using right people,improve people's skill and make the most profits through them. (universalteacherpublications.com)

 

管理的层次和功能——Levels of management and functions of management

 

There are four functions can effect management, they are planning, organizing, leading and controlling and three levels of management, they are (voices.yahoo.com)

 

Planning is start from research resources which needed to achieve target and operate the strategies. Therefore, it is an essential part in the prosses of achieve target.

 

Because targes can only be accomplished by planning.

 

Organizing is the process of collecting every resources, it includes people, information, money, materials and other useful resources. In this stage the target is set up by the resources and combined them to work together.

 

Leading is another function of management, it can make motivation to people let them have the passion to improve and use their skills.

 

Control is the last function of management.This function can make all the others functions be useful because it give the managers the authority to control everything.It also can change these functions to make them become more effective for achieving targets.

 

There are three levels of management, top level, middle level and frontline.Top level management is the leader of the whole company is in charge of every department. They should control resources and keep company make profit. They use all of the four functions to be successful.

 

科学管理——scientific management

 

Scientific Management was point out by Frederick Winslow Taylor which improved the production efficiency was in the late 19th century using a scientific analysis to establish the optimal process production management method.

 

While Taylor was working in the Bethlehem Steel Corporation he talked to a iron porter who called Schmidt and made his working efficiency doubled. At the same time, he is also expected using scientific management to the reduce the working hours, energy consumption and the eradication of poverty. Taylor's theory and methods are not being accepted at the first place, that is why the scientific management sometimes contemptuously called Taylor-ism management.

 

Most people can only saw and feel The direct material waste, but the waste caused by unskilled inefficiency worker can not be seen can not be seen at that time. The entire national resources suffered a huge losses by not pay attention to the efficiency of the behavior in every days activities. Due to the scientific management improved a lot of manufacturing efficiency. The western management circle start calling Taylor as "father of scientific management".

 

Taylor's scientific management's fundamental purpose is to meet a maximum working efficiency to achieve advantage to both employer and employee by reach the higher wages and lower labor costs.

 

Scientific management using some basic management system.

 

1. Let workers to use the Scientific methods , so that they can use the time more efficiently, Workers need to stop the excess action to improve the necessary action and provides a standard time to complete each unit operation also a fixed labor time for each work.

 

2. Using Scientific selection for workers, train them the right technology and Select the appropriate arrangements for the workers to be in the right positions, and training workers to use the standard method of operation, make them work in a gradually grow.

 

3.Develop scientific process and using specific tools, machines, materials, standardization, and operating environment than using the fixed documents to record the procedure.

 

4. Implementation using incentive work system. Give overworked workers a higher work payment also let the less work done workers have a lower amount of work paid.#p#分页标题#e#

 

5. Separation of management and labor. Managers and workers to work in close cooperation to ensure that the work carried out will according to standard designed procedure.

 

Scientific management is not just leading the scientific, standardized introduction in to management, that is a more important revolution advocated by Taylor. Many people believe that the fundamental interests of the employers and employees are in conflict, Taylor referred to the scientific management is consistent interests for both sides. For employers their purpose is not only profit is more money they also interested on the development of their company. It is this cause lead the employers and employees linked to career development not only give employees lucrative wages, also means that fully played their own potential to meet the needs of self-realization. Only both employers and employees to collaborate with each other that they can reach a higher level of performance therefore cooperation is very important concept Just as Taylor's scientific management mentioned :everyone must work colleagues to establish a sense of responsibility and everyone should have a very strong dedicated heart and dedication. So that employers and employees can work together friendly, provide the bilateral friendship and cooperation to help each other instead of confrontation and struggle which will be able to produce to larger profits than in the past.

 

法约尔的一般管理原则——Fayol's general principles of management

 

Henri Fayol (1841-1925) spent his career in France at a large mining metallurgical company and served as general manager for 30 years which during year 1888 to1918, as long as the company.

 

Fayol think the operation and management are two different concepts. The operation is to guide an organization tend to be a target. Operating in six activities: technical activities (production), commercial activities (exchange activities), financial activities (fund raising, control and use), safety activities (financial and personal security), accounting activities (accounting afterwards, cost accounting and Statistics), management activities (administration).

 

Fayol pointed out that people knew more about the first five, but only a little is known about the management activities. Management is a function that is different from the above five functions. In these six activities, the first five activities are not responsible for formulating the business plan and they are not responsible for the establishment of a social organization to coordinate all aspects of the force and action. These important functions belong to the scope of the management. He also believes that the management can be conceptualized and theoretical which can impart the characteristics of the development of management education to be vigorously.

 

In addition, Fayol proposed Principles of management, these principles are still important practical now days. Management is an art which can take into account a variety of variables also the management needs wisdom, experience, judgment and attention to scale.

 

The important points in the Principles of management theory include

 

- The organization should complete administrative tasks and responsibilities. He believes that the substance of the organization and the establishment are belong to the organization, and the development of rules and regulations, recruiting and training employees with a Standard materials, rules equipment and working procedure which provide by the business organization to meet the company needs.

 

- Pyramid-level series means the organization from top management to the lowest line management powers to form a hierarchical series. Which the higher management send out orders to lower department and the lower management went though the order and report back to the higher management and he also designed a "Fayol bridge".

 

- Set a staff agencies to assist the manager. However, the staff agencies can only accept the command of hightest General Manager and responsible the lower leadership and can not issue orders to subordinates. They do not deal with the daily affairs, their main task is to explore better ways of working and found that improve in business conditions as well as concern for the long-term development of the enterprise. This is the different functions of the system in a Taylor straight - General Staff organizational structure.