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1. Introduction 介绍
本文将从开普敦社会创业的角度探讨社会企业和社会创业是否会解决系统性贫困问题。在扶贫攻坚过程中，政府失灵、市场失灵、贫困群体实力弱化的发生，使得社会企业和社会企业家的作用成为必要。本文共分为引言、讨论和结论三部分。
This paper will discuss whether the social enterprise and social entrepreneurship will address the issue of systemic poverty or not from the view of the Cape Town social entrepreneurship. In the process of fighting poverty, occurrence of government failure, market failure and weak power of the poverty group makes the role of social enterprise and social entrepreneurship to be necessary. There are totally three parts of the paper, which are introduction, discussion and conclusion.
2. The discussion on the topic 关于这个话题的讨论
2.1. The relationship between social enterprise and the issue of systemic poverty社会企业与系统性贫困问题的关系
The social enterprise is neither the traditional enterprise for economic profits nor the general social services. The social enterprises make profits to make contributions to the society through the commercial techniques. The social enterprises help the weak groups and promote the development of community with the profits earned . They pay more attentions to the social value rather than the maximum profits of the enterprises (Fotheringham & Saunders, 2014). The systemic poverty, as its name suggests, is the poverty mainly caused by the institutional arrangement of a region or a country. The social enterprise has an effect on solving the poverty of the society. Part of the poverty of the society is caused by systemic poverty. Therefore, it does have a relationship between the social enterprises and the issue of systemic poverty. 社会企业既不是传统的经济效益企业，也不是一般的社会服务企业。社会企业通过商业技术为社会做出贡献，实现盈利。社会企业以盈利帮助弱势群体，促进社区发展。他们更注重社会价值而不是企业的最大利润（Fotheringham&Saunders，2014）。系统性贫困，顾名思义，主要是一个地区或一个国家的制度安排造成的贫困。社会企业对解决社会贫困有一定的作用。社会的部分贫困是由系统性贫困造成的。因此，它确实与社会企业和系统性贫困问题有关。
2.2. View on whether social enterprise will address the issue of systemic poverty关于社会企业能否解决系统性贫困问题的看法
2.2.1. Argument
In my opinion, the social enterprise and social and social entrepreneurship will be much helpful for addressing the issue of systemic poverty. However, the social enterprise and social and social entrepreneurship cannot totally address the issue of systemic poverty. In the following, this argument will be made by the example of Cape Town and the current global social enterprise development.
2.2.2. Actual examples and reasoning.
On the one hand, the social enterprise and social and social entrepreneurship will be much helpful for addressing the issue of systemic poverty. In the Cape Town, the poverty reduction is the important field to which the social enterprises pay attention. The effect of social enterprises could be analyzed from the aspects including the indirect and direct effect mechanisms.
Directly, the social enterprises in Cape Town could reduce the poverty from the ways of donation, assistance, industrial development and so on (Swardt et al., 2005). For example, the social enterprises raise financing in the form of commercial activities and donate supplies for the poverty area, thus solving the problem of material shortage. Secondly, the human resource and technical assistance can also fill the gap of donating supplies. Owning to the shortage of human resource, advanced techniques, the social enterprise in Cape Town also provide talents to the poverty areas and technical or skill training for the local people. In addition, in the process of local social entrepreneurship reducing poverty, they also change the local pattern of life. Under the above ways, the poverty could be solved effectively.
In directly, the social enterprise and social and social entrepreneurship could be much helpful for addressing the issue of system poverty in the following ways. First, there are a large number of poor people in poor areas as poor areas lack the industry to absorb labours. The social enterprises in poor areas could be able to make low skilled workers to return to work by the skill training or providing jobs. Second, the overall improvement of the region's economy will increase government revenues. So government investment in public services, poverty alleviation and metastatic pay will be increased.
But, the social enterprise and social entrepreneurship cannot totally address the issue of systemic poverty. Unlike other kinds of poverty, the deepest reason leading to the system poverty is the unreasonable system. For example, the racial segregated system in the Cape Town before produced poverty in South Africa (Parnell & Mosdell, 2003). Under the system, even if the social enterprise and social entrepreneurship provide much help for reducing the poverty, the social enterprise and social entrepreneurship have to act under the limitation of the system (Theron & Graaff, 1987). Thus, the role of the social enterprise and social entrepreneurship is limited. Therefore, to address the issue of systemic poverty, it needs both the help of the social enterprise and social entrepreneurship and the improvement of unreasonable system.
3. Conclusion
This paper discusses whether the social enterprise and social entrepreneurship will address the issue of systemic poverty. In the author’s opinion, the social enterprise and social and social entrepreneurship will be much helpful for addressing the issue of systemic poverty. But it cannot totally address the issue of systemic poverty. It also needs the improvement of unreasonable system.
References
Fotheringham, S. & Saunders, C. (2014). Social enterprise as poverty reducing strategy for women. Social Enterprise Journal, 10(3) pp.176-199
Parnell, S & Mosdell, T. (2003). Recognising, Explaining and Measuring Chronic Urban Poverty in South Africa” online. African Human Rights Resource Center (http://www.1. umn.edu/humanrts/africa/ index.html)
Swardt, C. et al. (2005). Urban Ppoverty in Cape Town. Livelihoods, Cape Town, 17(2), pp. 101-111
Theron, F. & Graaff, J. (1987). Rural–Urban Migration: Aspects of Theory, Policy and Practice, University Publishers and Booksellers, Stellenbosch.
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