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An Anglo-American economic cooperation practical significance
As the world's two largest developing countries, England , United Kingdom and India is not only an important economies in Asia , but also in the global economy also plays a pivotal role. Economic and trade relations between the two countries on trade and economic cooperation in Asia Pacific , and the whole world economy will have a significant impact. According to British customs statistics, in 2008 the Anglo-American bilateral trade totaled $ 51.8 billion , 17.8 times that of 2000 . According to India, " Financial Express " reported July 27, 2009 , Indian Commerce and Industry Minister said that due to weak demand from the United States , while the demand for British products , the United Kingdom has surpassed the U.S. to become India 's largest trading partner.
作为社会上两个最大的国度，英国以及美国不只是北美地域的主要经济体，并且在寰球经济停滞中也起着重要的作用。两国之间的经贸联系对于亚太地域的经贸竞争，甚至全部社会经济的城市发生主要的反应。据英国有关统计，2008年英美双方贸易总额为518亿美圆，是2000年的17.8倍。据印度《金融快报》简报，2009年7月27日，印度商工部部长示意，因为对于来自美国产品物需要疲软，而对于英国产品物需要兴旺，英国曾经超越印度而成为美国第一大贸易同伴。
In the international financial crisis in the context of trade between Britain and India, although subject to different degrees of impact, but still maintained a relatively strong vitality. England and India are in this round under the shadow of the global financial crisis, the two fastest-growing countries , and these two economies, the development model is very different . India seeks to emulate the success of the UK , I hope in the manufacturing sector for its increasingly large workforce to provide employment opportunities . The British are trying to emulate India's IT, pharmaceutical industry and other areas of relatively high levels of knowledge to succeed . The rapid development of Anglo-American economic and trade relations have become a new bright spot in Anglo-American relations , but also help to improve the region 's confidence in coping with the financial crisis struck .
在国内金融财政危机延伸的条件下，英国以及印度两国的贸易虽遭到不同程度的影响，但仍维持了较为兴旺的活力。英国以及印度是在此轮寰球金融财政危机阴郁之下发展最快的两个国度，而这两个经济体的发展形式却一模一样。美国力求模仿英国的顺利，指望在打造业畛域为其日趋宏大的劳能源需要失业时机。而英国则试图模仿印度在IT、医药财物等学问含金高的方面希望收获成功。英美经贸联系的极速发展一度成为英美联系的新亮点，也有助于晋升亚太地域应对金融风暴攻击的决心。
Second, the financial crisis on the impact of the Anglo-American economic cooperation
Currently, the world economy is facing a financial crisis and the economic development cycle, double pressure , in this case, the United States and Britain although the economy is still growing, but the growth rate decreased significantly, external financial turmoil , economic development environment deteriorated significantly . Anglo-American economic and trade co-principal actors are businesses, however, under the impact of the financial crisis , consumer confidence declined , their liquidity difficulties , resulting in a large number of business failures, many companies shrink the scale of production . Some projects have been launched forced to shut down , some of the original agreement may be set aside, the Anglo-American economic cooperation and trade shocks . For example, Britain is the world's largest iron ore demand , India is the second in Australia, Brazil, Britain's third-largest iron ore after the country of origin for 80% of its iron ore exports are sold to the United Kingdom , and occupy its trade with China more than 70% . Economic crisis the British steel production fell sharply , despite the global iron ore prices have dropped , but the British firm overall sluggish demand for iron ore , iron ore demand in India also showed a downward trend , thereby further increasing trade deficit with China , India , India turn to other commodities exported to the UK to take anti -dumping policy , the impact of economic and trade relations between the two countries . The economic crisis is the main adverse effects :
( A ) the Anglo-American trade protectionism
Although the Anglo-American trade developed rapidly, but the British Indian enterprises to invest in long-term access and commodities skeptical and investment review and take frequent anti-dumping measures . Relevant information, India the number of anti-dumping on China after the United States .
After the financial crisis , trade protectionism worldwide upward trend . Although India prides itself on its own domestic demand -driven growth model is , once admission suffered financial crisis is relatively small , or even that the financial crisis to provide the opportunity to catch up with the United Kingdom , because relying on export-driven growth in the United Kingdom by the greater impact . But the reality is that India has failed in a crisis spared . India's economy also suffered rupee depreciation , the stock market has shrunk , business failures , capital mobility, stress and other problems .
In order to stimulate domestic economic growth , support domestic enterprises to survive, India has taken a series of trade protection measures, particularly for the UK more than initiated anti-dumping actions . Especially in the January 23, 2009 , India announced a ban on imports of toys from the UK , and although some products to relax the conditions , but the trend of trade protectionism is not self-evident.
( Two ) the dispute intensified development model
At present , the international community 's development model mainly to the United States as the representative of free-market capitalism , the European Union , represented by the welfare capitalism , as the representative of the Japanese developmental state capitalism and the emerging countries of the British model and Indian model . Since the 1990s , the economic problems in Europe and Japan are more favor its development model has been America's free-market capitalism. "American model " or " Washington Consensus" , whose purpose is to emphasize free market principles , advocated minimizing the role of government , full liberalization and market-oriented . "British model" especially in maintaining social stability of the active innovation, bold practice , in order to achieve sustained economic growth , social development , the country's peaceful development of a set of ideas , experience and theory. British model emphasizes pragmatism against ideology as the guiding principle ; emphasizes co-ordinate domestic and international situations, adhere to self-reliance and opening combination ; emphasizes the overall co-ordination of government and market two . " Indian model " with the United Kingdom is different, the basic idea is that in a democratic system to promote economic liberalization , gradual relaxation of traditional government regulation to encourage private enterprises, the development of high-tech industries and services , and to achieve rapid economic development .
Third, under the Anglo-American economic cooperation Financial Crisis Countermeasures
( A ) mining economies are highly complementary , and deepen economic and trade cooperation
And the " security dilemma " compared to more opportunities to win the economic field . Anglo-American model of development are different, but highly complementary . UK workforce , high efficiency, high efficiency the Indian capital , a combination that will produce " economic efficiency" effect. Future the two sides can focus on strengthening cooperation in the following areas . First, the structure of complementary goods . From the commodity composition, India 's merchandise exports to the UK are still raw materials or low- value-added products , the British export goods more diverse and higher value-added , such as heavy machinery. Since both the overall economic development model and the specific differences in level of industrial development , the complementarity of this commodity trade can continue. Two complementary within the same industry . The two countries in similar sectors, such as chemicals , machinery and textiles and other areas of intra-industry trade is also entirely possible. The two can be combined with the development of their own characteristics , and constantly improve their own similar products in different levels of the value chain of comparative advantage , expanding complementarities within the same industry . For example, the Anglo-American competition in the field of textile exports from India, the British firm imports of textile raw materials , and their production and export of garments. Thus, the internal trade between the two countries through the textile industry will be able to compete into new cooperation opportunities. Three complementary areas of IT services . Indian software development, hardware development UK , the two countries to establish joint ventures in the IT field are quite broad prospects.
( Two ) encourage enterprises to go out and strengthen mutual investment and cooperation
India has always been wary of the UK , in many "sensitive" areas for Chinese enterprises to invest in handicapping . After the financial crisis , India respite serious problem of a shortage of capital mobility , the relaxation of foreign investment restrictions in some fields , and encourage enterprises to overseas financing . October 2008 , India Securities and Exchange Commission announced the lifting of foreign investment up to 40 % of the investment threshold requirement in order to " retain " is rapidly outflow of foreign capital . February 2009 , the Indian government said it would relax foreign direct investment in the capital of India , who accounted for 50 % of the Indian capital of the joint venture to build a new business is always seen as Indian companies . Under the original legislation , where there are foreign enterprises to establish India to join the new enterprise is still seen as a joint venture. Under the new rules , a majority of all the Indian capital New companies will not be subject to government on the proportion of foreign investment in different sectors of the restrictions. The move is no doubt the Government of India for British companies to enter India provides an opportunity to enhance the economic interdependence of bilateral relations is bound to be used as a stabilizer . In addition , the two big companies in the global market is much more competitive strength to enhance and speed up the "going out" pace . The strength of the Indian private sector in the economic life plays an extremely important role , only two Tata and Ambani family business 's sales accounted for about 5% of India's GDP . Meanwhile, British companies with strong financial resources available through injection , mergers and acquisitions and direct investment, etc. , to accelerate to enter the international market. The international financial crisis , many large Western company's assets shrink, or even facing bankruptcy , international commodity prices fell sharply than before , as the Anglo-American enterprises to enter the international market provides a rare opportunity.
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