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Assignment One
Question:
Using ONE framework of analysis, provide a linguistic description of a short text or transcription (no more than 500 words) of your choice. You should focus on ONE level of linguistic analysis
使用一个分析框架，提供了一个简短的文字或转录的语言描述（不超过500字）你的选择。你应该专注于一个语言层面的分析
Introduction
Here I intend to examine how far a clause relational framework can provide a description of how cohesion and coherence can be revealed within texts. To illustrate this I have chosen as my data a short article from the ‘Country Briefings’ section of Economist magazine entitled “Where is everybody?” (25th November 2004). While the clause-relational approach was originally set out by the writers Eugene Winter and Michael Hoey in the late 1970’s and early 1980’s (McCarthy 1991:29), I have examined later works by these authors, but more directly Michael Hoey, as the framework from which I draw my analysis (Winter 1994 and Hoey 1991, 1994 & 2001). More specifically I focus here the “Problem-Solution” element of the framework with reference to cohesion and coherence. As a rhetorical structure theory, the framework has been summed up by others as revealing ‘Background-Problem-Solution-Evaluation’ (BPSE) patterns in texts ( Salkie 1995:91). Here however I use the description SPRE; ‘Situation-Problem-Response-Evaluation’. In my analysis I begin with larger structures in the linguistic hierarchy and move towards more detailed elements.在这里，我打算研究如何远的一个小句关系框架可以提供一个描述如何衔接和连贯都可以显示在文本。为了说明这个我选择我的数据的短文章从“国家简报”部分经济学家杂志标题为“大家都在哪里？“（第二十五十一月2004）。当从句关系方法最初设定的作家尤金冬季和迈克尔Hoey在1970年代末和1980年代初（麦卡锡1991:29），我已经检查过了，后来的作品的作者，但更直接的迈克尔霍伊，为框架，我画我的分析（冬季1994和Hoey 1991，1994 2001）。更具体地说，我把这里的“问题解决”的参照衔接和连贯的框架单元。作为一种修辞结构理论框架，总结了由别人为揭示的背景问题解决评价”（BPSE）文本的模式（salkie 1995:91）。在这里，但是我用描述传播的情况反应评价的问题。在我的分析，我开始与更大的结构，在语言的层次和走向更详细的内容。
翻译不正确取消
A Problem-Solution Framework at paragraph level
Within a clause relational framework our Economist text reveals a strong ‘Situation- Problem-Response-Evaluation’ rhetorical structure in it’s paragraphing. Beginning at this level the following can be observed:
在水平段的问题的解决方案框架
Within a clause relational framework our Economist text reveals a strong ‘Situation- Problem-Response-Evaluation’ rhetorical structure in it’s paragraphing. Beginning at this level the following can be observed:
在这一条款的分段关系框架，我们显示出一种强烈的经济学家文本的情况-反应问题评价的修辞结构内。开始在这个水平以下的可观察到的：
Situation: Paragraph 1.
Problem: Paragraphs 2,3,4
Response: Paragraph 5
Evaluation: Paragraphs 6,7
环境：第一段。
Problem: Paragraphs 2,3,4
问题：第2、3、4段
Response: Paragraph 5
响应：5段
Evaluation: Paragraphs 6,7
评价：第段
While a S-P-R-E pattern does not necessarily always follow such a clearly well defined structure as a paragraph, it would seem apparent from our Economist text that this occurs. The framework pattern reveals itself as segmental in nature (McCarthy 1991: 29) and it is through an analysis of ‘segments’ that a ‘Problem-Solution’ pattern can be uncovered. However I would assert that there may not always be a clearly defined rule as to where and when a segment might begin or end. McCarthy (op.cit) describes the importance of how segments operate together as a process of ‘logical sequencing’ and explains that it is necessary to understand how segments ‘perform’. The segments in the analysis of the Economist text can be defined in terms of the meaning encapsulated in each one. While grammatical and lexical features are important as we will see, they are not sufficient alone to provide a full analysis of a given text as they focus on smaller patterns and detail. Nevertheless within the linguistic hierarchy ‘segments’
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