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Introduction 介绍
随着社会的发展，食品种类越来越丰富。食品废弃物是城市生活垃圾中有机废弃物的重要组成部分，具有含水率高、含盐量高、有机物含量高等特点。换句话说，食物垃圾含有丰富的有机营养。经过合理的处理，是一种高价值的生物质资源，是沼气的重要来源。因此，回收食物废物将成为可持续发展计划的一部分，以生产沼气。本次调查的目的是收集市民对食物废物回收的看法。
With the development of society, the types of foods are becoming more and more abundant. Food wastes are the most important part of organic wastes in municipal solid wastes (MSW), with the characteristics of high moisture content, high salinity and high organic content. In other words, food waste is rich in organic nutrients. After reasonable disposal, it is a high-value biomass resource and an important source of biogas. Thus, the recycling foods waste will be a part of sustainability programme to produce biogas. The objective of this survey gather the information on householder’s views on recycling foods waste.
Main body 主体
测量方法的选择
The selection of survey methods
调查方法有文献调查、观察调查、实验调查和问卷调查（James，2006年）。首先，文献综述将利用文献资料的相关回顾来了解研究对象。由于对象是一个新的主动性，因此没有具体可靠的数据。这项调查不考虑文献综述。There are several survey methods, such as, Literature survey, Observation survey, Experimental Survey and questionnaire survey (James, 2006). First, the literature survey will use the review of relevant literature information to understand the research object. Since the object is a new initiative, there is no specific and reliable data. This survey would not consider the literature review.
观察调查主要观察人们的行为、态度和情绪，这些都不适合观察对象。此外，观察调查只能收集外部行为，不能解释其内在动机，这与本次调查的目的相矛盾（Saunders等人，2016）。实验性调查会改变一个或多个因素，并观察其变化情况，不适合本次调查。Observation survey mainly observes people's behaviours, attitudes and emotions, which does not suitable to the object. In addition, the observation survey can only gather the external behaviour, and cannot account for its intrinsic motivation, which is contradicts to the objective of this survey(Saunders et al., 2016). Experimental survey will change one or several factors and observe the changed conditions, which is not suitable to this survey.
在问卷调查中，调查人员将使用问卷了解市场情况，这是适合本次调查的。因此，本研究将采用问卷调查。In the questionnaire survey, the investigators will use the questionnaire to understand the market situation, which is suitable to this survey. Thus, this research will use the questionnaire survey.
The population and sampling method
The population of this survey is all of householders located in the jurisdiction of the local council. The element of this survey is the householder.
Since the population sample of this survey is very large and the comprehensive survey is too laborious, this survey will use the sampling survey method. The sampling survey methods include probability sampling and Non-probability sampling (Pekkaya, 2014). Since non-probability sampling is not based on the principle of random sampling, the distribution of sample statistics is inaccurate. Moreover, the results of the sample cannot be used to infer the population corresponding parameters. Thus, based on the object of this survey, we should not use the Non-probability sampling method, that is, this survey will use the probability sampling method. In specific, the probability sampling method in this survey can include the simple random sampling and the systematic sampling.
The type of questionnaire
In specific, the questionnaire survey include the methods of household interviewing, street/ mall intercept interviewing, telephone interview, mail interviews, Indwelling investigation and online survey (Miller, 1972). Based on the research scenario, the performer of the survey is the local council, and the respondents of the survey are the local householders. The telephone interview and mail interview will involve private information, and the local council would only has letter information of phone number and mail address for respondents. For the online survey, the survey cannot control the respondents, and the results would not represent the view of the local households. Thus, the household interviewing would be the suitable method for the local council. In addition, if local council have the abundant investigator and funding, the local council can select the indwelling investigation.
Data requirements table
First, the different gender will have the different views on the recycling foods waste. Thus, the data requirements should include the information of gender of respondents. In the same way, different age level, different occupation, different education level and different marital status will have different views on the recycling foods waste. Thus, the data requirements should include the information of age level, occupation, education level and marital status of respondents. In order to recycle the food waste, we should collect the information of the type of foods waste. The local council should understand the degree of knowledge of recycling foods waste, and the type of recycling foods waste. Moreover, the local council should know the intention on the recycling foods waste and the recycling foods waste in use. Since the research scenario is that as part of a sustainability programme to produce biogas, the local council should collect the information on the acceptance of producing biogas by recycling foods waste, and whether to choose the way of producing biogas.
Based on the above the justification of the data requirements table, the specific data requirements table is shown as follow.
Table 1. Data requirements table
Data requirements
Gender
Age level
Occupation
Education level
Marital Status
Type of foods waste
The degree of knowledge of recycling foods waste
The type of recycling foods waste
The intention on the recycling foods waste
The recycling foods waste in use
The acceptance of producing biogas by recycling foods waste
Whether to choose the way of producing biogas
Conclusion
The objective of this survey gather the information on householder’s views on recycling foods waste. Based on the research scenario and the objective of this survey, this survey will use the questionnaire and the systematic sampling method. Moreover, it is suitable to choose the household interviewing on the execution of the questionnaire survey.
Reference
James M. Wilson. (2006). Quantitative methods for business, management and finance, 2nd ed. Journal of Modelling in Management, 1(1), 85-86.
Miller, R. E. (1972). Modern mathematical methods for economics and business. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 67(340), 964.
Pekkaya, M. (2014). General mathematics for business and economics, and mathematical methods.
Saunders, M., Lewis, P. and Thornhill, A. (2016) Research Methods for Business Students. 7th ed. Harlow: FT Prentice Hall.
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