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英国留学生媒体学MA课程作业写作指导：该模块通过历史趋势集探讨在大众传媒，批判理论，文化产业，以及全球通讯政治经济国际通信中的机构。我们寻求一个在不公平的指导英国ASSIGNMENT 全球通信建设作为结构，机构，以及全球媒体的政治经济分析技能进行讨论。
Communications and Global Change 2009-2010 Semester Two
MODULE OUTLINE
Module Aims & Objectives
This module is a compulsory element of the MA in International Communications. Rated at 30M credits, it forms one sixth of the standard Masters programme of study.Students must pass to be considered for an award of MA. Please check your university email account daily – your tutors will use this as the primary means of informing you of changes to the module or providing additional instructions.
This module explores the institutions of international communications by focussing on historical trends in mass communications, critical theory, cultural industries, and the political economy of global communications. We seek to provide a forum for discussion of inequity in global communications by building student skills as analysts of the structures, institutions, and political economy of global media.
Apart from looking at some of the main actors on the global media stage, we will consider key international debates about flows of cultural products such as television programs and news, and their possible impacts. We will investigate national identity and policy-making in a global environment, international organizations and their function, alternatives to Western commercial media hegemony, the right to communicate (is there one?), and the possibilities for more egalitarian international communications processes.
Reading
The reading list focuses on international communications as it connects to the specific themes of this class. It is not intended to be inclusive. The tutors will be pleased to recommend further reading on any topic of interest to you. It is recommended that study groups meet at least once a week to discuss key readings. Your reading should be supplemented by critical examination of media output and of the views of media practitioners, as well as your reading of the additional books and journal articles you identify. The internet may be a useful source for up to date information on these topics, if used with great care. Only in exceptional cases should it be used to research your essay.
Much of the reading comes from academic journals that are available on-line via the University library catalogue. A selection of book chapters identified as key readings will be made available electronically as soon as possible. If you are not certain that a reading is available to your classmates electronically, please be sure not to remove it from the library or displace reference copies of readings. Please notify your tutors immediately if you have difficulty obtaining any reading (after making a reasonable effort, of course). Additional readings may be recommended during the semester or provided in class. #p#分页标题#e#
The following books will be used extensively in the module or are useful as supplementary reading pertaining to the module as a whole:
Artz L and Y R Kamalipour (eds.) (2003) The Globalization of Corporate Media Hegemony State University of New York Press
Mosco ,V.(2009) 2nd ed. The Political Economy of Communication Sage
Sarikakis K and L Shade (eds.) (2008) Feminist Interventions in International Communication : Minding the Gap. Rowman and Littlefield
Thussu, D. K. (2006) International Communication. Continuity and Change (2nd edition). London: Hodder.
MODULE PROGRAMME
1. Introduction:
Debates on International Communication and Global Change (27 January KS)
This lecture will introduce the course outline and objectives, and introduce the themes of the module. It provides a preliminary examination of the significance of the idea of `communication’ and an overview of the development of thinking about `international communications.’
Key Readings
Downing J D H Drawing a Bead on Global Communication Theoriesin Y R Kamalipour Global Communication ed (2002) Wadsworth Thomson Learning
Sarikakis K and Shade L (2008) Revisiting International Communication: Approach of the Curious Feminist in Sarikakis and Shade Feminist Interventions in International Communication.
Recommended Readings
Barber B. (1992) Jihad vs. McWorld, the Atlantic available at http://www.theatlantic.com/doc/199203/barber
Lull, J. (2000) Media, Communication, Culture: A Global Approach Cambridge: Polity Press.
Rantanen, T. (2004) The Media and GlobalizationLondon: Sage
Robertson, R. (1997) Mapping the Global Condition in A. Sreberny-Mohammadi, D. Winseck, J Mckenna and O. Boyd-Barrett (eds) Media in Global Context: A Reader. London: Hodder Arnold
Schiller, H. (1992) Mass communications and American EmpireBoulder; Oxford: Westview Press
2. Issues in Communications revolutions and Social Change (3 February KS)
We discuss the relationship between media and social change and question the extent to which communications technologies shape society. Are social groups affected in the same ways?
Key Readings
Gallagher M Feminist Issues and the Global Media System in Sarikakis and Shade eds. Feminist Interventions in International Communication
Hamelink C (2002) The Politics of Global Communications in Y R Kamalipour Global Communicationed (2002) Wadsworth Thomson Learning
Mosco V (2004) Chapter 2: Myth and Cyberspace in the Digital Sublime MIT Press
Recommended Readings
Hughes, T, Technological Momentum in M.R Smith and L. Marx (eds.) Does Technology Drive History? (Edward Boyle High Demand Article B0274)
Innis, H., The Bias of Communication#p#分页标题#e#
McLuhan, M. The Medium is the Message (book) or McLuhan, M. The Medium is the Message (chapter) in Media and Cultural Studies Meenakshi G. D. and D. Kellner (eds) Blackwell Publishing, 2001
Camporesi, V., (1994) The BBC and American Broadcasting, 1922-55Media, Culture and Society, 16,
Gunaratne, S., (2001) Paper, Printing and the Printing PressInternational Communication Gazette, 63, 6
Johnson, K. (2001) Television and the Social Change in Rural India. New Delhi: Sage.
Lerner, D. (1958) The passing of traditional society: modernizing the Middle EastNew York: Free Press
Pike, R. and Winseck, D., (2004) The Politics of Global Media Reform, 1907-1923Media, Culture and Society, 26, 5
Robinson, W, (2005) Marshall McLuhan reconsidered: review of reprinted editions, previously unpublished work, and two tributesNew Media & Society7: 271-279
Winston, B., (1995) How are Media Born and Developed? In Questioning the Media: A critical introduction Downing, J Mohammadi A, A. Sreberny-Mohammadi eds 2nd Ed. London: Sage
3. Global Communications, change and global policy (10 February KS)
Given the structures and institutions of international communications which we have discussed, to what extent are national and international governmental organisations able to facilitate or limit the production and distribution of mass media? Which regulations serve the public interest, and which do not?
**Seminar Task: watch at home the following video http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AkSabZEvwcY&NR=1
“A quest on the tracks of the Internet in Africa. A crew of volunteers from CERN, IC Volunteers and UN Volunteers go on a trip through Senegal and Mali to find out about the cultural impact of the new technologies on the population, particularly in isolated areas. A CERN-ICVolunteers coproduction for WSIS 2003.”
Discuss in class the conditions that determine the use of communications technologies. In what ways do policies take these conditions into account?
Key Readings
Chakravartty, P. and K. Sarikakis (2006) Media Policy and Globalisation, Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press chapter 2
Prasad K Gender sensitive communication policies for women’s development: issues and challenges in Sarikakis and Shade Feminist Interventions in International Communication
Recommended Readings
Hardy, J (2008) Western Media Systems London: Routledge (chapter 6)
Humphreys, P. and S. Simpson (2005) Globalisation, Convergence and European Telecommunications Regulation, Cheltenham: Edward Elgar. (chapter 2)
United Nations (1980) Chapter 3: The Democratization of Communication in Communication and Society Today and Tomorrow, Many Voices One World, Towards a new more just and more efficient world information and communication order (The MacBride Report). UNESCO, available at #p#分页标题#e#http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0004/000400/040066eb.pdf
Hamelink, C. (1994) The politics of world communication: a human rights perspectiveLondon: Sage
4 Introduction to political economy of global communications ( 17 February GA)
Students are introduced to political economy theory and its application to contemporary mass media. We question if there is a possibility for a healthy public sphere within the context of highly concentrated corporate media, focussing on ownership, commodification, marketisation and internationalisation.
Key Readings
Herman, E and Chomsky, N (1994) Manufacturing consent: the political economy of the mass mediaLondon: Vintage (especially chapter one)
Mosco V (2009) The Political Economy of Communication Today (chapter 6) in The Political Economy of Communication
Recommended Readings
Calabrese, A.and C. Sparks (eds) (2003) Toward a Political Economy of Culture Boulder, CO: Rowman & Littlefield
Chomsky, N. (1989) Necessary Illusions: Thought Control in Democratic Societies London: Pluto Press
Garnham, N. (1990) Capitalism and Communication London: Sage
Kohut A. (2000) Self-Censorship: Counting the WaysColumbia Journalism Review May/June available at http://backissues.cjrarchives.org/year/00/2/censorship.asp
McChesney, R.W. (2004). The problem of the media: U.S. communication politics in the twenty-first century New York: Monthly Review Press
Mosco ,V. (1996)The Political Economy of Communication Sage
Murdock ,G. and Peter G. (1997) The Political Economy of the Media
Wasko J., (2004) The political economy of communication in The SAGE Handbook of Media Studies J. Downing, D. McQuail, E. Wartella, P. Schlesinger (eds) London: Sage
Flew, T. (2007) Understanding Global Media London: Palgrave Macmillan (chapter 2)
Murdock, G.(1982) Large corporations and the control of the communications industries in M. Gurevitch, T. Bennett, J. Curran & J. Woollacott (eds) Culture, Society and the Media London: Methuen (118 - 150).
Meehan E, Mosco V., Wasko J., (1993) Rethinking Political Economy: Change and ContinuityJournal of Communication43 / 4, 105 - 116
5 The political economy of global media: the economics behind the globalization of communications (24 February GA)
The political economy approach focuses our analysis on the power relations which constitute mass communications processes around the world. In this session, we concentrate on the specific processes through which a small number of trans-national corporations have consolidated their control over global cultural production.
Key Readings
Bagdikian, B. (2004) The New Media Monopoly Beacon Press (especially chapter 2 “The Big Five”)#p#分页标题#e#
Cunningham, S., E. Jacka and J. Sinclair (1998) Global and Regional Dynamics of International Television Flows, pp. 177-192 in D.K. Thussu (ed.) Electronic Empires: Global Media and Resistance London: Arnold.
Flew, T. (2007) Understanding Global Media London: Palgrave Macmillan (chapter 3)
Herman, E. S. & McChesney, R. W. (1997) The global media: The new missionaries of corporate capitalism. London; Washington: Cassell.
Shade L and N Porter (2008) Empire and Sweatshop Girlhoods: The Two Faces of the Global Culture Industry in Sarikakis and Shade Feminist Interventions in International Communication
Recommended Readings
Golding Peter and Phil Harris, eds. (1996) Beyond Cultural Imperialism: Globalization, Communication and the New International Order Sage
Hackett , Robert A. and Yuezhi Zhao (eds) (2005) Democratizing Global Media: One World, Many Struggles, Lanham, MD: Rowman and Littlefield.
Hesmondhalgh, D (2008) Ownership, Organization and Cultural Work, chapter 2 in Cultural Studies, an Anthology, M. Ryan, ed, Blackwell
Picard R. (2002) The economics and financing of media companiesLondon: Eurospan
Wasko, Janet (1995) Hollywood in the Information Age: Beyond the Silver Screen. Cambridge: Polity (Wasko’s research on Hollywood is available in other books from the last decade as well; these are equally fine to consult).
6 The Impact of Communication Technologies: Possibilities and Limits
(3 March GA)
.This session will explore debates surrounding the impact of communication technologies. It discusses the role of discourse and language in shaping our understanding of new communication technologies and social change.
Key Readings
Crow B and K Sawchuck (2008) The Spectral Politics of Mobile Communication Technologies: Gender, Infrastructure, and International Policy in Sarikakis and Shade Feminist Interventions in International Communication
Deuze, M, (2008) Toward a Sociology of Online News in Paterson, C and Domingo, D (eds) Making Online News, NY: Lang
Paterson, C (2007) International news on the Internet: Why more is lessEthical space : The International Journal of Communication Ethics 4(1): 57-66; alternatively available as Paterson, C. (2006) “News Agency Dominance in International News on the Internet” at http://ics.leeds.ac.uk/papers/cicr/exhibits/42/cicrpaterson.pdf
Recommended Readings
Allan, S. (2004) Conflicting truths: online News and the War in Iraq in Paterson, C. and Sreberny, A, eds, International News in the Twenty-first Century, University of Luton/John Libbey
Bruns, A. (2005) Gatewatching: Collaborative Online News Production Peter Lang Publishing or Bruns A (2008), chapter in Paterson, C and Domingo, D (eds) Making Online News, NY: Lang
Norris, P. (2001) Digital Divide? Civic Engagement, Information Poverty, and the Internet Worldwide. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.#p#分页标题#e#
Sarikakis, K. & D. K. Thussu (2006) Ideologies of the Internet Cresskill, N.J : Hampton Press
Sparks, C. (2003) The Impact of the Internet on Existing Media (17) in Toward a Political Economy of Culture: Capitalism and Communication in the Twenty-First Century Andrew Calabrese and Colin Sparks (eds) Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield
Webster F. (2002) Theories of the Information Society Routledge
7 Imperialism and the free flow doctrine (10 March GA)
The concepts of media and cultural imperialism arose three decades ago out of empirical evidence of massive imbalances in the flow of communications internationally. We discuss international debates over this issue and the US-led advocacy of a “free-flow doctrine” in response.
Key Readings
Boyd-Barrett, O. (1998) Media imperialism reformulatedin Thussu, D. K. (Eds.) Electronic empires: Global media and local resistance. London: Edward Arnold, pp. 157-176.
Comor, E. (1997) The retooling of American Hegemony: US foreign communication policy from free flow to free trade in A. Sreberny-Mohammadi, D. Winseck, J Mckenna and O. Boyd-Barrett (eds) Media in Global Context: A Reader. London: Hodder Arnold.
Galtung, J. (1971) A structural theory of imperialismJournal of Peace Research, 8, 2, 81-117.
Hamelink, C. (1995) Information Imbalance Across the GlobeQuestioning the Media: A Critical Introduction (2nd ed.) Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage (pg. 293-307)
Hesmondhalgh, D (2008) (6) Neoliberalism, Imperialism and the Media in The Media and Social Theory D Hesmondhalgh and J Toynbee (eds) Routledge
Masmoudi, M..(1979)The New World Information OrderJournal of Communication 29(2), Spring, pp. 172-185
Schiller H. (1991)Not Yet the PostImperialist Era in Media and Cultural Studies Meenakshi Gigi Durham, Douglas Kellner (eds) Blackwell Publishing, 2001(originally, Critical Studies in Mass Communication, 8)
Straubhaar J. (1997)Distinguishing the global, regional and national levels of world television. In Media in Global Context, ed. A Sreberny-Mohammadi, D Winseck, J McKenna, O Boyd-Barrett, pp. 284–98. London: Edward Arnold
Recommended Readings
Golding P. and Phil H., (eds.) (1996) Beyond Cultural Imperialism: Globalization, Communication and the New International Order Sage
Schiller H. (1989)Culture, Inc.: The Corporate Takeover of American Expression. New York: Oxford Univ. Press
Tomlinson, J. (1991) Cultural Imperialism London: Pinter
8 Globalization, glocalizationand Cultural Change (17 March GA)
Competing views of what the globalization of culture and mass communicationsentails have substantially driven from the fore debates about cultural imperialism, and empirical research into communications flows suggests it may indeed be less significant. Other views suggest that such processes may be more complex than once thought, but are no less relevant. #p#分页标题#e#
Key Readings
Aiello, G. and Thurlow, C. (2006).Symbolic capitals: visual discourse and intercultural exchange in the European Capital of Culture scheme. Language and Intercultural Communication, 6(2).
Bicket D. (2005) Reconsidering Geocultural Contraflow: Intercultural Information Flows Through Trends in Global Audiovisual TradeGlobal Media Journal 4 / 6 Spring
Thurlow, C. and Aiello, G. (2007).National pride, global capital: a social semiotic analysis of transnational visual branding in the airline industry. Visual Communication, 6(3).
Thussu, D. K. (2006) Media on the Move: Global Flow and Contraflow, London, Routledge (especially chapter 1)
Recommended Readings
Clausen, L. (2003) Global news productionCopenhagen: Copenhagen Business School
Featherstone, M. (1990) Global Culture: Nationalism, Globalisation and Modernization. London: Sage
Kundnani, A (2003)Britain and the Economy of Ignorance in Artz, Lee and Yahya Kamalipour (eds) The Globalization of Corporate Media Hegemony, Albany: SUNY Press
Paterson, C. (2001) The Transference of Frames in Global Television in Framing Public Life: Perspectives on Media and Our Understanding of the Social World S. Reese, O. Gandy, A. Grant, (eds.), Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum
Robertson, R. (1992) Glocalization London: Sage.
Sakr, N. (2004) Al-Jazeera Satellite channel: Global newscasting in Arabic in Paterson, C. and Sreberny, A, eds, International News in the Twenty-first Century, University of Luton/John Libbey
Tomlinson, J. (1999) Globalisation and CultureCambridge: Polity Press.
9 The commercialization of international journalism (21 April Guest speaker: Dr Chris Paterson)
Is journalism a commodity or a service? If a service, is it for audiences or advertisers? And should it be regarded as any different from any other commodity or service? Is there such a thing as “global news?” Whom does that serve? We discuss the role of ownership in international news and discuss how aspects of critical theory, political economy, and the “propaganda model” view journalism as a force of control, rather than emancipation.
Key Readings
Bagdikian, B. (2004) The New Media Monopoly Beacon Press
Baker, N (2004) Invisible Giants Quiet Revolution in Paterson, C. and Sreberny, A, eds, International News in the Twenty-first Century, University of Luton/John Libbey
Boyd-Barrett, O. (1997) Global News Wholesalers as Agents of Globalization, pp. 131-44 in A. Sreberny-Mohammadi, D. Winseck, J Mckenna and O. Boyd-Barrett (eds) Media in Global Context: A Reader. London: Hodder Arnold.
Hackett, R. Is there a democratic deficit in US and UK journalism?in Allan, S. (ed.) (2005) Journalism: Critical Issues Maidenhead: Open University Press
Harding P. (2009) The Great Global Switch-Off: International Coverage in UK Public Service Broadcasting report, Oxfam, January. (linked from the bottom of this page: #p#分页标题#e#http://www.oxfam.org.uk/get_involved/campaign/actions/help_save_the_news.html)
Paterson, C. (1998) Global Battlefields: The Globalization of News pp. 79-103 in O. Boyd-Barrett and T. Rantanen (eds) The Globalization of News. London: Sage.
Zachary G.P. (2006) Journalism ManifestoDvorak Uncensored via Alternet. Posted February 9, available at http://www.alternet.org/mediaculture/31775/
Recommended Readings
Borjesson, K. (ed) (2004)Into the buzzsaw: leading journalists expose the myth of a free pressNew York: Prometheus Books
Boyd-Barrett, O., and Rantanen, T (eds.) (1998) The Globalization of News Sage, London
Boyd-Barrett, O. & Thussu, D. K. (1992) Contra-flow in global news London: John Libbey
Chomsky, N. (1989) Necessary Illusions: Thought Control in Democratic Societies London: Pluto Press
Rodgers J Online News: Setting new gender agendas?in Sarikakis and Shade Feminist Interventions in International Communication
指导英国ASSIGNMENTShoemaker, P. & Reese, S. (1996) Mediating the Message: Theories of Influence on Mass Media Content New York: Longman, Chapter 1.
Stauber, J and Rampton, S (1995) Toxic Sludge Is Good For You: Lies, Damn Lies and the Public Relations IndustryCommon Courage Press
Van Ginneken, J. (1998) Understanding Global News Sage
10. Module Revision and discussion
(28 April GA)
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