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With China in the international political and economic influence on the gradual expansion of Chinese people eager to learn about the world, especially the world to learn more about the real China is also increasingly strong desire, and English as a "world language", the international communication The role of the bridge is also increasingly significant, this trend can be from China's English education in school to get detailed proof. However, we find that in teaching students in Chinese with English expressions and impart ideas of Chinese culture during the operation, but the actual effect is not very satisfactory. We see, by various factors, such as the habit of thinking, sentence structure and other effects, the student is given the translation mistranslation mistranslation frequent. These mistakes tend to make the target reader confused as the audience confused. In this paper, this phenomenon, trying to appear among college students English Translation typical Chinglish slightly Analysis and seek viable teaching improvement programs.
随着中国政治经济等方面在国际上的影响逐渐扩大，中国人渴望了解世界尤其是让世界更多的了解真实的中国的愿望也愈来愈强烈，而英语作为“世界语言”，其国际沟通桥梁的作用也愈来愈显著，这种趋势可以从中国学校的英语教育现状中得到翔实的印证。然而，我们在教学中不难发现，学生在用英语表达和传递汉语思想汉语文化的操作过程中实际效果却并不是很理想。我们看到，受各种因素，如思维习惯、句法结构等的影响，学生给出的译文中错译误译频频出现。这些失误往往使目的语读者作为受众困惑迷茫。本文针对这一现象， 试图对大学生汉译英当中出现的典型的中式英语略作探析，并寻求可行的教学改良方案。
First, the Chinese text and its translation in English salience
一、中式英语及其在文字翻译中的突出性
(A) Definition and Causes of Chinglish
（一）中式英语的定义及其成因
Chinese English (Chinglish), by definition, refers to Chinese traces do not meet the rules of English grammar and other English language. [1] in our daily life there are many familiar Chinglish, such as "lounge" translated "restroom" (toilet), "flyover" translated "sky bridge" (rope suspension bridge name or the name of transportation), "Be careful slip "translated" slip and fall down carefully "(carefully slip)," Welcome to ...... "translated" welcome you to "," car safety belt, "translated as" safety belt "(flying, aerial or art performances when used for safety straps). (More correct translation Translation cases were: lounge, overhead walkway, Wet Floor, welcome to, seat belt)
中式英语(Chinglish), 顾名思义，指有汉语痕迹的不符合英语语法及其他规则的英语。[1]我们日常生活中熟悉的中式英语有很多，如“休息室”译为“restroom”(厕所)，“天桥”译为“sky bridge” (钢缆吊桥名称或运输方式名称)，“小心滑倒”译为“slip and fall down carefully”(小心地滑倒)，“欢迎你到……”译为“welcome you to”，“车载安全带”译为“safety belt”(飞行、高空作业或进行技艺表演时，为保障安全所用带子)。(以上译例正确译法分别为：lounge, overhead walkway, Wet Floor, welcome to, seat belt)
About the causes of Chinglish, it is generally considered to be a negative migration Language Acquisition result. Migration (transfer) was originally part of a psychological term that refers to the learning of new knowledge, the learner will be prior knowledge, experience, knowledge of migration into their new learning to master a process. Migration can be divided into positive transfer (positive transfer) and negative migration (negative transfer) two kinds. If the old transfer of knowledge from learning of new knowledge to help promote the role, it is a positive transfer; contrary is negative migration, namely interference (interference). [2] Chinglish is in the Negative Transfer of Chinese produced under. Its appearance is its inevitability, as Ausubel said, any meaningful learning are based on the original study conducted. Tried to avoid learning a foreign language speaking intermediary role and Migration is unrealistic. [3] In the early stages of language learning, we often take advantage of the similarity of the mother tongue and foreign language learning. For example, in the early stages of learning vocabulary, we will use the phonetic annotation mode memory for English words. But the English and Chinese is fundamentally different. Chinese belongs to the Sino-Tibetan language, English belongs to the Indo-European; Chinese is hypotaxis language, meaning organizations rely on internal logic language, English is the hypotaxis language, relying on the form, the individual words are organized into phrases until discourse. This difference is rooted contributed Chinglish root causes.
(Two) Chinese English translation of the text prominence
Chinglish in English learning at all levels (such as speaking, writing, translation) are reflected. As used in writing "Do not sleep late.", Incorrectly translated as "Don't sleep too late."; "He without hesitation, put me back up," expressed as "Without thinking, he put me on his back. "(the correct expression for the above example:" Don't go to bed too late. ";" Without hesitation, he put me on his back. ") spoken often hear Chinglish, such as when it comes to some color , with the following expression: red sugar, purple in the face, red with envy, yellow video, the correct expression is: brown sugar, black in the face, green with envy, blue video (Chinese meaning expressed above are: brown sugar ; face purple; jealousy, envy; yellow video). These differences in the expression in English just shows different color or bias on the different cultural orientation.
In fact, whether it is speaking, writing or translation, they are second language learners' mother tongue thinking culture response. Speaking and writing are hidden under the action of native culture of thinking done, and text translation has more of a dominant factor, that the written word. The emergence of written text reinforces the learner's mother tongue original thinking, while strengthening the learners' native language and structure of the text content of the understanding. We know that the Chinese and English content areas identified in the vocabulary and sentence structure means there is a big difference, therefore, the above makes Chinglish in this enhanced text translation is particularly prominent, sometimes appearing in Speaking Writing possibility Chinglish little in the translation will appear.
Second, analysis of student work examples
The student's translation jobs, Chinglish in vocabulary and syntactic level are reflected. Lexical level is mainly reflected in marked items, the syntactic mainly reflected in the sentence order, sentence structure and other aspects of special sentence processing. The following examples to analyze these Chinglish.
(A) the lexical level
Language in the form of the word is marked items (the marked form) and unmarked items (the unmarked form), but in different languages such manifestations are not consistent. Such as English, there are more marked in the form, for example, the case of a noun form, singular and plural forms of comparative adjectives and adverbs with the most advanced, the tone of the verb form of the sentence word order changes caused by changes in the function and meaning, etc. Chinese form above marked a relatively small but obvious. This Transliteration and there is a mark in the form of a kind of another language how to express the problem. [4] When the students to Chinese to English, it tends to ignore the others in English of which the mark. Such as:
Example: I want to thank those who supported me when I'm struggling people. (New Horizon College English Reading and Writing Volume III <hereinafter abbreviated as NCE, Book3>: 13)
Translation: My thanks go to those who stick by me when I fell on hard days.
Example 2: The Government has taken a series of new environmental initiatives, which the country there were many parks and public green spaces. (NCE, Book 2: 41)
Translation: The government took a series of new environmental measures, so many parks and public green lands sprang up everywhere around the country.
Example 3: A few days ago when I was walking down the street when the wallet was stolen.
(NCE, Book1: 156)
Translation: My wallet is stolen when I am walking on the street several days ago.
As can be seen from the above examples, there is no Chinese verb tense marker, but English is the marked items. Chinese expression for action at different times, mainly through time represents the time the word or sentence, and "a" like the word completion. This phenomenon reflects to some extent the lack of a better student English sense.
In addition to temporal markers, there are some marked differences in the translation when the students did not notice, such as:
Example 4: You only need to fill out a form to get a membership, it allows you to buy something to enjoy discount offers. (NCE, Book4: 70)
Translation: You need only to fill in a form to apply for the quality of membership, which will enable you to enjoy a favor of discount when you are buying.
In the Chinese original sentence, "qualification", "preferential" areas such word called word. English nouns itself contains conceptual categories, so when you do not need to add Chinese to English. "Membership" and "discount deals" directly translated into "membership" and "discount" on it. Similar examples are: attendance (attendance, mistranslation: attendance rate), self-control (discipline, mistranslation:
the ability of discipline), patriotism (patriotism, mistranslation: the spirit of patriotism).
Example 5: with native English speakers to talk to people is a very rewarding experience, from which we can learn many things. (NCE, Book1: 9)
Translation: Talk to someone whose mother language is English is a good experience. We can get a lot from it.
We know that in Chinese, many of which will be used when the verb as subject, this subject is not marked. But in the English verb which the subject of the prototype is not allowed to do, you need to add-ing marks or infinitive marker.
(Two) syntactic
English and Chinese in the sentence structure is very different. English language structure complicated http://www.ukassignment.org/essayfw/ affiliation interchange, long sentences, complex sentences and passive sentences, form a unique multidimensional; Chinese language structure is simple, chronological narrative logic reasoning sequentially arranged unidirectional characteristics. This difference interferes with the student's translation. Such as:
Example 6: This picture shows a man with a serious look, stood next to a woman, behind the farmhouse, their prototypes are the painter's dentist and sister. (NCE, Book3: 103)
Translation: This painting shows a serious-looking man. A woman stands alongside him. A farmhouse is behind them. And their models are respectively the painter's dentist and sister.
These original is a typical Chinese sentence, which consists of multiple independent phrase structure, one-way presentation, each description, the structure is relatively loose. Affected by the original, the student is given the above translation. This translation one correspondence with the original structure, but does not meet the English sentence compact and orderly, were stacked like common core features. You can make changes later learned the difference: The painting shows a serious-looking man and a woman alongside him in front of a farmhouse. Their models are respectively the painter's dentist and sister.
Sentences for Chinese students in terms of structural problems still need a lot of practice time, but some differences can be learned only have to watch it. Such as:
Example 7: He tried to buy a lot of talking to the delay. (NCE, Book 2:70)
Translation: He tried with a lot of talking to buy time.
Prepositional phrases in Chinese position is more flexible, but in the English preposition structures often appear after the object, so the above translations can be modified as: He tried to buy time with a lot of talking.
Chinese is the expression of a number of sentences with fixed sentences, such as:
Example 8: The school emphasizes this idea: parents and their children to participate in school activities is worthwhile. (NCE, Book3: 73)
Translation: The school emphasizes this idea: the parents' taking part in school's activities together with their own children is worthwhile.
We know that the Chinese in the sentence "doing ...... is worth it", you can directly correspond in English Sentences It is worthwhile for somebody to do something. This is the English It is + adj. For somebody to do something concrete application of this sentence.
Third, the practical teaching strategies
Chinese students to learn English in the Chinese environment, science, English Translation process in addition to the text by the visual effects, the unconscious are the characteristics of the Chinese vocabulary applied to the English sentence, when these features when the same or similar , can play a positive role in promoting; opposite will affect learning. In actual teaching, we can adjust the teaching ideas and teaching methods, for example, in the usual practice of teaching can be appropriate to introduce some theoretical knowledge translation, avoid or reduce the words do not convey or sentences fragmented phenomenon, with theory to guide practical exercises.
Moreover, teachers can have a destination for Chinese and English explaining the differences were compared, give students a clear both in vocabulary, grammar, sentence structure, ways of thinking and other aspects of character and individuality, by comparing the enhanced awareness.
In addition, students' work must be taken seriously, lectures translation theory skills or compare different both in Chinese and English translations should be combined with student examples to elaborate. In addition to after-school jobs outside should also be targeted to increase the amount of exercise, prolonged exposure through a large area to improve students' sense of language, adapt to the unique way of thinking in English, and thus the unique characteristics of English knowledge internalization. I believe that through targeted efforts for a long time, students can also become a habit in English language (a language of habitual use).
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