|
管理的全面评估
An holistic assessment of managment
这个项目定义了对组织工作中管理的理解.。该项目简要介绍了管理的概念及其在组织中的重要性。在这篇文章中详细讨论了以领导为主的领导。指导和其他管理职能之间的关系，监督和管理之间的差异和管理的重要性，通过案例研究也是项目的一部分。
SYNOPSIS 介绍
This project defines the understanding of management in the working of an organization. This project gives a brief about the concepts of management and its importance in the organization. In this a detailed discussion about directing mainly leadership is talked about. Relation between directing and other managerial functions, difference between supervision and management and importance of management through case studies is also part of the project.
1.INTRODUCTION 简介
管理只不过是通过有效和短期地实现短期目标来实现一个人一生或企业的长远目标.。管理不仅是任何行业的重要方面，同样重要的是一个人的生活和每一个任务，他应该管理好。在简单的词管理定义为组织和协调活动的业务，以实现定义的目标。
Management is nothing but fulfilling the long term objective of one’s life or enterprise by achieving short term goals effectively and efficiently. Management is not only important aspect of any industry it is equally essential is one life and every task he performs should be managed well. Management in simple word is defined as the organization and coordination of the activities of a business in order to achieve defined objectives. (BusinessDictionary.com, 2015)
According to F.W. Taylor, “it is an art of knowing about when to do, what to do and see that the things are done in the best, effective, efficient and cheapest way”. (BusinessDictionary.com, 2015)
1.1: - MANAGEMENT AS AN ART AND SCIENCE: - Management is both a science as well as an art. Art is the creative and private application of inhabited knowledge to achieve desired goals. Managers in industry practice the art of management in the daily routine works of managing and industry based on observation and experience. Literature’s available in marketing in various areas of management like marketing, finance and human resources help the managers to specialize in areas based on theoretical knowledge. This theories and knowledge provided by literature are modified by managers according to different situations which make management as an art. Management has its own theories, principles and vocabulary which has been developed over a period of time which are used by managers in better understanding of their work situation. - These principles and theories are used for training and development of managers which managers modify according to given situation as management deals with human beings and their behavior. It makes management as an inexact science.
1.2: - FUNCTIONS OF MANAGEMENT: -
PLANNING: - Planning is deciding in advance what to do and how to do and involves setting objectives and developing a framework of action to achieve these objectives. Preparing provides directions, decreases challenges of anxiety, reduces overlapping and wasteful pursuits and indorses modern ideas, encourages decision generating, establishes criteria for controlling. Types of plans are: -
•Objectives
•Strategy
•Policy
•Procedure
•Rule
•Programme
•Budget (Business studies part-1 NCERT class XII, 2015)
ORGANISING: - It is the process of describing and assembling activities and establishing authority relationships among them. Process of organizing consists of following steps: -
•Identification and division of work
•Departmentalization
•Assignment of Duties
•Establishing of reporting relationships
It leads to division of work, clarity in reporting relationships, optimum utilization of resources, growth, better administration and greater creativity. (Business studies part-1 NCERT class XII, 2015)
STAFFING: - It has been described as the managerial function of filling and keeping filled, the positions in an organization structure. This is achieved by, first of all, identifying requirement of work force, followed by recruitment, selection, placement, promotion, appraisal and development of personnel to fill the roles designed into the organization structure. In simplest terms staffing is ‘putting people to jobs’. (Business studies part-1 NCERT class XII, 2015)
DIRECTING: - Directing is a complex managerial function consisting of all the activities that are designed to encourage subordinates to work effectively. It includes supervision, motivation, communication and leading. (Business studies part-1 NCERT class XII, 2015)
CONTROLLING: - Controlling is the practice of ensuring and keeping the track that planned activities obey to planned activities. It helps in achieving organizational goals. It helps in keeping a look on accurateness of standards, safeguarding efficient utilization of resources, increasing employee morale, creating an atmosphere of order and discipline in the organization and coordinating different tasks so that they all work together in one direction to meet objectives. (Business studies part-1 NCERT class XII, 2015)
2.LITERATURE REVIEW 文献综述
‘‘A good leader encourages followers to tell him what he
Needs to know, not what he wants to hear.’’
—John C. Maxwell. (Carroll, 2008)
Leading and directing are continuous processes, but we can divide them down into some key tasks in which managers usually involve. In fact, the activities (or fundamentals) we discuss here depict the diversity of leading and directing and demonstrate how they can vary from situation to situation. They include: (1) telling someone what to do, (2) providing information on how to do it, (3) seeing that he or she has learned how to do it, (4) making the performance of the work as appealing and comfortable as possible, and (5) conferring specific rewards or punishments for performance. (Powers & Barrows, 1999).
2.1 ELEMENTS OF DIRECTION: - The procedure of direction in an organization includes coaching, guiding, motivating, and leading the individuals in an organization to attain organizational goals. 4 categories which are element of directing are: -
•Supervision
•Motivation
•Leadership
•Communication
2.2 PROBLEMS FACED BY CHEF AS A LEADER TODAY: - Chefs of twenty first century are no more the cooks whose purpose mainly is to plan the menus or deliver great visual appeal to the dishes but he also has to but also to make subordinate follow company mission, take and encourage sanitation and nutrition classes, appreciate world flavors and ingredients and in ‘‘spare time’’ be a role model and motivator for all subordinates and encourage them to innovate. The Chef who is capable to form a team and then lead and motivate that team is the chef of today and the future.
2.3 DIFFERENCE BETWEEN MANAGEMENT AND SUPERVISION: - Supervision means instructing, guiding, monitoring and observing the employees while they are performing jobs in the organization. The word supervision is the combination of two words, i.e., supervision where super means over and above and vision means seeing. So, supervision means seeing the activities of employees from over and above. (Yourarticlelibrary.com, 2015)There are several slight differences between supervision and management. The supervisor’s work occurs at the operating level; that is, he as well as she works directly with the employees when they do their own work. Management, however, is involved with your totality of the organization’s complications. Managers operating in long-range arranging may well find some need—for illustration, to redesign the organization structure as well as the management system. Often, especially in large organizations, managers direct the job of managers, who, consequently, direct supervisor’s tasks involving employees. (Powers & Barrows, 1999)
2.4 COMMUNICATION
2.4.1WHAT IS COMMUNICATION: -
“Communicate, communicate, communicate- until you are sick of hearing yourself. Then communicate some more.” – Jack Welch Former CEO of General Electric. (Carroll, 2008)
Organizational Communication is an evolutionary, culturally, dependent process of sharing information and creating relationships in environments designed for manageable, goal-oriented behavior (Fisher, 2007)
2.4.2 IMPORTANCE OF COMMUNICATION: -
A good leader always investigates about the problem or failure in the organization and most often concludes that the message was not communicated as required. A good leader always believe in having a futuristic approach in communication. He communicates the future plans before the event so that one can prepare himself for the task in hand. Here is one example of your communication ability that works great for Chef Charles.#p#分页标题#e#
At the River Oaks State Club, we average between sixty along with seventy parties per week. The odds are against us making it through the week mistake-free.
As I get a copy with the banquet events, I spend nearly one-and-a-half hours under-going the packet, producing notes, plate illustrating, and giving instructions to all departments. Then, on Friday, we make copies for the departments, so everyone knows what is going to happen. Everything through the plate design to help table layouts, actually the recipe references are included. It's well worth my time for you to get it right at the start of the week as opposed to to scramble for getting it right while handling various other issues within the fly, sometimes detailing myself five situations. Communication is the true secret. All sixty employees can read my thoughts as opposed to wait for me to talk with them personally. The less period I spend at the start of the full week, the more time I must spend explaining what I would like in the next week. (Carroll, 2008)
Communication at individual level is also important as at organizational or team level. Leader should involve each and every member of team in educational conversation during the work hours and spare time to enhance their knowledge and motivate them to learn more. One should not raise voice unnecessarily, if addressing a particular employee it should be done privately so that the mistake doesn’t get highlighted and the person feel demotivated. Leader should be clear in his message to subordinate as to what is needed from him.
2.5 LEADERSHIP
LEADERSHIP TEAM OR BUILDING A TEAM: -
“I not only use all the brains that I have, but all that I can borrow” – Woodrow Wilson
A manager should know that he alone cannot to do anything of its own. Behind every successful organization or operation there is a team responsible. The leadership team must consist of the employees that you are confident have the most to offer to your operation. They will be the employees who display the most determination, heart, and soul and who possess the ability and desire to be great. All organizations are different; but the beauty of leadership team is that it works for all size organizations. Whether yours is a kitchen of 5 employees or 50, this program will work. Your leadership team should consist of employees outside your department, because the more departments you get involved, the better chance the program has to be successful. Allot leadership team members clear aims and objectives, give them deadlines, and make them follow up at the next meeting by holding them accountable to the group and for their assigned tasks. This is crucial to success, the group’s success, and the organizations success. Involve everyone in team when thinking to do something new you’ll get a ten times better idea. This is the power of a team. It will also make them learn on how to build a program and make them feel themselves proud as they think they have contributed for the cause. People learn from each other mistakes and become professional at a faster rate.
2.6 MOTIVATION
2.6.1 WHAT IS MOTIVATION:-
“YOU have the power to make a difference in the lives of everyone you touch. That is pretty special” – unknown (Carroll, 2008)
Motivation is a general term applying to the entire class of desires, needs, wishes and similar forces. Role of a leader towards his subordinates is doing the things which they hope will satisfy these drives and desires and induce the subordinates to act in a desired manner.
(Koontz & Weihrich, 2010)
2.6.2 IMPORTANCE OF MOTIVATION: - Leaders have to help point out all of the opportunities to the staff. They should guide them and bring a change in their lives. Good working environment where an employee is sure of his safety economical as well as physical, creating an educational environment because education and safety are the needs most superior to an employee. Fill your kitchen with numerous, abundant high-end oils and vinegars, not just one kind. The more flavors, the more creative and precise your chefs can be. Start making your own seasonal blends, toast some spice blends and rubs, and make this part of your kitchen recipe manual. The more seasonal blends, oils, vinegars, and wines your chefs have around them, the better chance they will take the time to season correctly and more efficiently. If you expect your chefs to taste everything, place containers of tasting spoons all around your kitchen, and they will taste! Your kitchen is what you want it to be. Your chefs will pick up habits and skills from their surroundings. (Carroll, 2008) According to Charles M. Carroll: - Many young generation chef don’t recognize is that moving them from department to department will not necessarily benefit the company, at the very least, not early on. It takes a lot of hard function, preparation, and also planning simply by everyone engaged, just to make this chef an improved culinarian. Sure it becomes much better to leave your chefs inside departments where they are most talented—less stress without transitional problems or slowdowns. Nevertheless what really does that do on your staff? Complete they receive stagnant, bored stiff? Do that they feel they desire to go to another property as a way to grow? Confident, it is more difficult to proceed young workers from office to office, but in the end your workers will possibly be strong and also versatile, and they're going to understand each other’s jobs—it becomes a more robust team. As executive chefs, this is actually our investment decision and, my confidence, your return will be well worth every penny. (Carroll, 2008)
3.CONCLUSION 结论
The most important aspect of leadership is first analyzing yourself and how you will lead others, this gives you the skill to relate well with others and to alter your methodology to fit a given circumstance. Being aware about the dynamic forces within your formal and informal organizations and among other organizations will help you in becoming a more effective leader because you will be able to monitor and nurture important interdependent relationships in your organization. Effective leadership needs a clear articulation of the vision in the future since people want to know where they go, why they will go, and how their efforts will assist them to get there. By acknowledging great performance as well as correcting poor performance, your employees notice you are aimed at improving the skills of employee and achieve the aim efficiently and effectively. By contrast, not answering in whatever way will cause your subordinates to doubt your leadership power. Finally, be keen to familiarize to circumstances as necessary. Be aware of that you cannot be an expert at everything, and by understanding yourself, your organization, and your environment, you can know where to get the resources and expertise that you need to complement your strengths.
|
 |
|||
| 网站地图 |
