心理学Essay参考案例：Relationship between Social Media and Anxiety

本文是心理学专业的Essay范例，题目是“Relationship between Social Media and Anxiety（社交媒体与焦虑的关系）”，因此，我们如何“使用”社交媒体会影响它如何影响人类。因此，最终的结果可能是不同的，根据它的用途。在使用社交网站时，应小心谨慎，注意不当使用可能对个人造成的负面心理影响。

Therefore, how well we “do” social media influences how well it impacts humanity. Therefore, the final outcome that may be reaped vary according to its use. Social networking sites should be used cautiously in awareness of its potential negative psychological effects on individuals when misused.

While some may say that social media benefits those with social anxiety to be more social, they forget to include the negative psychological effects that can easily outweigh any positives if misused. As Dr. Peggy Kern, a faculty member at the Centre for Positive Psychology at the University of Melbourne, put similarly in her article “Is Social Media Good for You”, “For many, social media appears to have a range of benefits…We can support other people and feel supported by them. It may even be a useful way for those with social anxiety and those who have a hard time with face-to-face interactions to connect with others” (Kern). However, Dr. Kern forgets to include the negative social effects on people when used in a harmful fashion. Not only that, but Dr. Kern also fails to acknowledge how the positives can and do pale in comparison. While using social media does not automatically guarantee negative outcomes, it still should be used minimally and with prudence. “It turns out that the people who reported spending the most time on social media — more than two hours a day — had twice the odds of perceived social isolation than those who said they spent a half hour per day or less on those sites” (Hobson) as found in the National Public Radio,  “Feeling Lonely? Too Much Time On Social Media May Be Why”. The article even goes on to show the staggering results when one uses social media more often. While social networking may be used as a confidence booster in terms of in-person social interactions, all of that should be taken with a grain of salt fact that it could also greatly decreases our social well-being at staggering odd is ignored in the process.

One of the greatest concerns, for even those who try and use social networking sites with caution, is that you have a great risk of losing your self-awareness in the process. This happens through a process of ignoring the glaringly obvious psychological effects on overused or misused time on social media. As author Emily Sarah Birch published at Massey University in her study “Deindividuation in the online Social Networking Context”, simply put, “individuals are not seen or paid attention to as individuals”…

对于那些小心翼翼地尝试使用社交网站的人来说，最大的担忧之一是，在这个过程中，你有很大的风险失去自我意识。这是因为他们忽略了社交媒体上过度使用或滥用时间所带来的明显心理影响。作者艾米丽·萨拉·伯奇在梅西大学发表了她的研究“在线社交网络环境下的去个性化”，简单地说，“个体不被视为个体，也不被关注”……

In other words, the perceived anonymity reduces normally strong inner restraints against performing individually desirable, but socially undesirable, behavior…Further to this description, Le Bon theorized that being submerged in a crowd would result in “the disappearance of conscious personality”, and subsequently, a diminished ability to make informed moral judgments. This theory was developed further, and termed Deindividuation…” (Birch)

As revealed in the study, the lost sense of awareness due to time spent online and its tainting of reality, can lead to negative, if not, scary effects. The opportunities are endless for harm to others and the individual are boundless. And as the study "Deindividuation in Social Media" published by Human Factors and Applied Psychology Student Conference revealed that “Social deindiviuation in social media is increasing as more social media applications,…--where you can post your thoughts anonymously” (Bradshaw, Frederick, Rohmeyer). This slow psychological fade is not an overnight phenomenon that snuck up on our society. The psychological warning signs were evident. However, they were drowned out amongst the inflated positives that may, or may not arise from the use of social media.

研究表明，由于上网时间长，以及上网对现实的破坏，导致意识的丧失，如果不是的话，会导致负面的、可怕的影响。伤害他人的机会是无限的，个人也是无限的。正如“人的因素和应用心理学学生大会”发表的研究“社交媒体中的去个性化”所揭示的，“社交媒体中的去个性化随着更多的社交媒体应用而增加，在那里你可以匿名发布你的想法”(Bradshaw, Frederick, Rohmeyer)。这种缓慢的心理消退并不是一夜之间悄悄进入我们社会的现象。心理上的警告信号很明显。然而，他们被淹没在社交媒体使用可能带来、也可能不会带来的积极影响中。

Even if the idea of the depravities that can be done to others due to the negative impacts of social networking sites are put aside, the individual themselves still seek to face a potentially bleak outcome regardless of the people around them; one of those effects is isolation. Though the claims of the opposing side use the argument that social networking enhances one’s social life, the actuality of that happening is almost only likely the case when used minimally. In the recent survey sponsored by The Cigna Health Insurance Company shown in the article “Not So Social Media: How Social Media Increases Loneliness”, “The study’s researchers also found that participants who are online most frequently–defined as 50 or more visits a week–have three times the odds of perceived social isolation as those who went online less than nine times a week” (Amatenstein). Because social networking sites have the high potential to create a warped sense of reality and awareness of the person using it, it is only logical that the potential negative effects would be based on those skewed senses of society and the user’s social standing. It’s not to say that social media is this unseen monster out to get you. As the study went on to say that the effect of social media on one’s life, “…depends on how you interact with the Internet. Studies suggest that using…social media apps…add vitality and communion to your life. But if you are spending hours every day using social media mainly as a substitute for real connection, your feelings of loneliness and inadequacy will likely worsen.” Social media should not be used as the basis of one’s social life. However, as society has grown to become a more digital age where that is the commonly seen reality, so are the now-general facts of its negative effects. And the only people left to take account of the change in society is the users of social networking sites who have made this so.

即使不考虑社交网站的负面影响可能会对他人造成的恶劣影响，个人自己仍然寻求面对一个潜在的惨淡结果，不管他们周围的人;其中一个影响就是孤立。尽管反对阵营的主张认为社交网络提高了一个人的社交生活，但这种情况的发生几乎只可能发生在使用最少的情况下。最近由信诺健康保险公司赞助的一项调查显示，在一篇题为“社交媒体并不那么重要:“研究人员还发现，最频繁上网的参与者——定义为每周上网50次或更多——与那些一周上网不到9次的人相比，感到社交孤立的几率是他们的三倍”(阿马滕斯坦)。因为社交网站有很高的潜力创造一种扭曲的现实感和使用它的人的意识，这是合乎逻辑的，潜在的负面影响将基于那些扭曲的社会意识和用户的社会地位。这并不是说社交媒体是一个看不见的怪物来对付你。该研究继续指出，社交媒体对一个人生活的影响，“……取决于你如何与互联网互动。”研究表明，使用社交媒体应用程序可以为你的生活增添活力和交流。但如果你每天花几个小时使用社交媒体，主要是作为真正的联系的替代品，你的孤独感和不足感可能会恶化。”社交媒体不应该被用作一个人社交生活的基础。然而，随着社会发展到一个更加数字化的时代，这是一个普遍可见的现实，它的负面影响的事实也越来越普遍。而唯一能考虑到社会变化的人就是社交网站的用户，正是他们让社会发生了变化。

Not only is isolation a potential threat to the overuse of social networking sites, but so is an impaired sense of reality. This effect goes hand-in-hand with both deindividuation and isolation, as stated above. Because the lives of most users of social media are solely based on it and its created world, the information circulated throughout, and received throughout, may also be taken as fact when it may, and most likely is not, solely so. As Simon Chandler wrote in his article “Social Media is Failing to Eliminate Fake Content”, published in the Forbes, “…social networks are platforms for creating fake people and fake worlds, where individuals are fed a distorted version of reality and lied to about what other people believe…there's also a significant percentage of orchestrated activity, designed to mislead people into accepting a version of reality that doesn't exist” (Chandler) Through this, society has and can be swayed not only form a social standpoint, but a political and economic standpoint. The boundaries don’t stop just at a fake Facebook profile uploaded by a troll to offend people. Foreign nations, such as Russia did in the 2016 presidential election, can use that knowledge of power to negatively impact and potentially even attack our society. And the only ones left to blame for the manipulation purely off of what is on social media is no one less than the users. Not even on a large-scale level, but social networking sites can create a false sense of reality in our own lives. “It has been argued that the social media effect creates a false sense of self and self-esteem through the use of likes, fans, comments, posts, etc…It provides many individuals with a false sense of self and an inflated sense of who they really are,” (Green) as revealed by R. Kay Green in her Huffington Post article titled “The Social Media Effect: Are You Really Who You Portray Online”. With this false sense of self-awareness and reality, it only leads to the moral detriment of society due to heightened egotism and social status. Worth is no longer based on what you make of yourself in life and has been reduced to merely fans and followers.

孤立不仅是对过度使用社交网站的潜在威胁，也是对现实的削弱。如上所述，这种效果与去个性化和孤立性同时存在。由于大多数社交媒体用户的生活完全建立在社交媒体及其创造的世界之上，因此，在整个社交媒体中传播和接收的信息也可能被视为事实，尽管可能如此，但很有可能并非如此。正如西蒙·钱德勒在《福布斯》上发表的文章《社交媒体无法消除虚假内容》中所写的那样，“社交网络是制造虚假人物和虚假世界的平台，美联储在个人现实的扭曲版本和欺骗别人相信…还有相当比例的策划活动,旨在误导人们接受现实不存在的一个版本”(钱德勒)通过这个社会,不仅会被动摇形成一个社会的角度来看,而是政治和经济立场。这种界限不仅仅局限于一个喷子为了冒犯别人而上传的虚假Facebook个人资料。其他国家，比如俄罗斯在2016年总统大选中所做的，可以利用对权力的了解，对我们的社会产生负面影响，甚至可能攻击我们的社会。而唯一要对社交媒体上的内容进行操纵的人，正是用户。即使不是大规模的，但社交网站可以在我们自己的生活中制造一种虚假的现实感。“有人认为，通过点赞、粉丝、评论、帖子等，社交媒体效应制造了一种虚假的自我意识和自尊……它给许多人提供了一种虚假的自我意识，并夸大了他们的真实身份。”(绿色)正如r·凯·格林在《赫芬顿邮报》上发表的一篇题为《社交媒体效应:你真的是你在网上所描绘的那个人吗?》这种错误的自我意识和现实感，只会导致自我主义和社会地位的提高，对社会造成道德上的损害。价值不再取决于你在生活中做了什么，而已经沦落为仅仅的粉丝和追随者。

Even with the flawed view of worth through social media, society, as a whole, is not getting any happier with themselves. As Connie Miller with the Child Mind Institute unveiled that “Some experts see the rise in depression as evidence that the connections social media users form electronically are less emotionally satisfying, leaving them feeling socially isolated” (Miller). Users do not leave feeling fuller emotionally. In fact, the opposite is true. The study goes on to show that “Evidence is mounting that there is a link between social media and depression. In several recent studies, teenage and young adult users who spend the most time on Instagram, Facebook and other platforms were shown to have a substantially (from 13 to 66 percent) higher rate of reported depression than those who spent the least time” (Miller). Social networking does not automatically guarantee depression. But the overuse of it can lead to such. And when have social media and networking sites be portrayed in such a way as to caution its users to spend as little time as possible on their sites? While social networking does not automatically cause depression, it is the inherent enabler to such consequences.

即使社交媒体对价值的看法存在缺陷，整个社会也不会对自己感到更快乐。正如儿童心理研究所的康妮·米勒所揭示的:“一些专家将抑郁症的增加视为证据，表明社交媒体用户通过电子方式形成的联系在情感上不太令人满意，使他们感到社会孤立”(米勒)。用户在情感上不会感到更充实。事实上，事实正好相反。研究继续表明，“越来越多的证据表明，社交媒体和抑郁症之间存在联系。在最近的几项研究中，花在Instagram、Facebook和其他平台上的时间最多的青少年和年轻成年用户报告的抑郁率(从13%到66%)明显高于花在Instagram、Facebook和其他平台上时间最少的人”(米勒)。社交网络并不会自动导致抑郁症。但过度使用它会导致这种情况。什么时候社交媒体和社交网站被描述成提醒用户在网站上花尽可能少的时间?虽然社交网络不会自动导致抑郁，但它是导致这种后果的内在推动者。

In the end, social media should not just automatically be thrown out the window. However, the negative impacts should not be ignored either. The user should remain cautious about the times spent on social networking sites in light of the known effects on what could happen if misused. Society should not remain solely on and through social media. If so, it would be a sad society filled with a lost sense of awareness, isolation, reality, and depression. Social networking sites should be used to enhance reality, not build it. Only then can society truly flourish as a human race.

最后，社交媒体不应该自动被扔出窗外。然而，负面影响也不应该被忽视。用户应该对花在社交网站上的时间保持谨慎，考虑到如果滥用可能会发生的已知影响。社会不应该仅仅停留在社交媒体上或通过社交媒体。如果是这样，那将是一个充满意识缺失、孤立、现实、抑郁的悲哀社会。社交网站应该被用来增强现实，而不是构建现实。只有这样，社会才能真正繁荣起来。

By being aware and cautious of the time and content used on social networking sites, society can start to mend psychologically. A greater sense of awareness may even come about when the mask of anonymity is lifted from the screens. And with honesty in place, so will the honesty and responsibility of one’s actions be more prevalent due to the heightened awareness while on social media. The threat, not only to others but to our own selves may even reduce substantially. And we, as a society, may truly find our self worth not in the screens before us, but in our identity that lies within. Yes, that is the mantra that is plastered across social media. But if society analyzed the time and use of social media, maybe then the impacts of that belief may finally start to sink in and evolve society for the better. Change is a choice. And each and every individual that opens that browser or clicks on that computer mouse has the choice to be aware and conscious, and choose to better themselves and society without the reliance on social media, but as one of their many tools. Each individual can choose how well we use our tools given in society. Choose to utilize the tool of social media well.

通过对社交网站上使用的时间和内容的意识和谨慎，社会可以开始修复心理。当匿名的面具从屏幕上揭下时，甚至可能会产生一种更强烈的意识。有了诚实，那么在社交媒体上的意识提高了，一个人的诚实和行为的责任就会更普遍。这种威胁，不仅对他人，而且对我们自己，甚至可能大大减少。我们，作为一个社会，可能真正发现我们的自我价值不是在我们面前的屏幕上，而是在我们内在的身份中。是的，这是贴满社交媒体的咒语。但如果社会分析了时间和社交媒体的使用，也许这种信念的影响最终会开始深入社会，并让社会变得更好。改变是一种选择。每一个打开浏览器或点击鼠标的人都可以选择保持意识，选择在不依赖社交媒体的情况下改善自己和社会，而是作为他们众多工具之一。每个人都可以选择如何使用社会赋予我们的工具。选择好社交媒体这一工具。

留学生论文相关专业范文素材资料，尽在本网，可以随时查阅参考。本站也提供多国留学生课程作业写作指导服务，如有需要可咨询本平台。