心理学Essay模板：Profiling Internet Gamblers

本文是心理学专业的Essay范例，题目是“Profiling Internet Gamblers（分析网络赌徒）”，互联网极大地改变了商业运作的方式，特别是在赌博和赌场行业。互联网赌博是增长最快的在线赌博类别，它正在改变赌徒参与这一活动的方式。在这篇文章中，我将讨论人们如何看待互联网赌博，法律和关注，以及那些谁在互联网上赌博和那些不在美国的概况。

Abstract摘要

The internet has vastly changed the way business has been operating, especially in the gambling and casino industry. Internet gambling was the fastest growing online category and it is changing the way gamblers engage with this activity. In this paper, I will discuss how people view internet gambling, the laws and concerns, and also the profiles of those who gamble on the internet and those who don't in the United States.

The internet has become a huge part of our everyday lives and many people are relying on it to do a lot of different tasks. In fact, everywhere you go, you can see people holding their gadgets and using the internet to search for stuff or even to play games. The internet plays an important role in many forms of entertainment, especially in the online casino gambling field. Since the first introduction of the World Wide Web in 1995, internet gambling operated by offshore companies has grown rapidly. Many individuals now have access to online casinos around the world.

互联网已经成为我们日常生活的重要组成部分，许多人依靠它来做许多不同的任务。事实上，无论你走到哪里，你都能看到人们拿着他们的小工具，用互联网搜索东西，甚至玩游戏。互联网在许多娱乐形式中扮演着重要的角色，特别是在网上赌场赌博领域。自1995年万维网(World Wide Web)问世以来，由境外公司经营的互联网赌博迅速发展。现在，世界各地的许多人都可以进入网上赌场。

Is Internet Gambling Good or Bad?网上赌博是好还是坏?

One of the biggest criticisms of legalised online gambling is that it has a negative effect on the economy. If people do not travel to casinos, they also do not buy gas, or eat food, or stay in hotels, or spend money on other community activities (World Online Gambling, 2003). Also, if individuals become addicted and spent a huge amount on gambling, that would mean they had no money left to spend on consumer goods. However, the level of support for the casino industry remains high. A survey revealed that 83% of Americans view casino gaming as an acceptable form of entertainment, 90% of Americans believe gambling is a question of personal freedom, and nearly 75 % of respondents think casinos "can be an important part of a community's entertainment and tourism options" (Woodruff & Gregory, 2005).

对在线赌博合法化的最大批评之一是，它对经济有负面影响。如果人们不去赌场，他们也不会买汽油、吃东西、住酒店或在其他社区活动上花钱(世界在线赌博，2003年)。此外，如果个人沉迷于赌博，并在赌博上花了大量的钱，这意味着他们没有钱花在消费品上。然而，对博彩业的支持程度仍然很高。一项调查显示,83%的美国人认为赌场游戏作为一个可接受的娱乐方式,90%的美国人认为赌博是一种个人自由的问题,和近75%的受访者认为赌场”可以是一个社区的一个重要组成部分的娱乐和旅游选项”(半圆&格里高利,2005)。

Internet Gaming Phenomenon网络游戏的现象

Why do people gamble? Most people gamble for one amazing reason only, which is to win money. But winning money while staying home? Say no more. Internet gaming is great for people who are busy and do not live near a casino, but they want to play the slots, or competing in blackjack. With one simple click, they can easily enter casinos without any traveling. Internet gaming was illegal in the US until 2011. Because of this, many internet casinos are located overseas, however, almost half of the online gamblers are placed by people in the US. That is because most of these casinos are actually operated from the US with the servers located somewhere else. The reason these small countries allow online gambling is that it can help boost their economy. Companies pay up to $100,000 to secure a gaming license, as well as paying ongoing taxes (Woodruff & Gregory, 2005).

人们为什么要赌博?大多数人赌博的原因只有一个，那就是赢钱。但是在家里赢钱呢?不再多说了。网络游戏对于那些忙碌的人来说是很好的，他们没有住在赌场附近，但他们想玩老虎机，或在21点竞争。只需点击一下，他们就能轻松进入赌场，无需任何旅行。直到2011年，网络游戏在美国都是非法的。正因为如此，许多网络赌场都设在海外，然而，几乎一半的在线赌客都是美国人。这是因为大多数赌场实际上是在美国运营的，而服务器在其他地方。这些小国允许在线赌博的原因是，这有助于促进他们的经济。公司需要支付高达10万美元的费用才能获得游戏许可证，同时还要缴纳税款(Woodruff & Gregory, 2005)。

Policy Concern政策的关注

With the conception and development of internet gambling, a Georgia State University law article concluded that four questions must be addressed by policy makers (Woodruff & Gregory, 2005). First, if Internet gambling is desirable, how should it be developed? If not, how should it be controlled? Second, which level of government is best suited to regulate or control Internet gambling? Third, in cyberspace how can governments generate revenue from gambling activities? And finally, what kinds of social costs are involved in Internet gambling (Feldman, 2004). There will be so many questions that the policy makers have to be concerned about such as what kind of game should be legalized, what would the tax rate, licensing fee be and many other more. They will also need to create a safe playing environment and guarantee the integrity of the games for the players.

随着网络赌博的概念和发展，佐治亚州立大学的一篇法律文章得出结论，政策制定者必须解决四个问题(Woodruff & Gregory, 2005)。首先，如果网络赌博是可取的，它应该如何发展?如果没有，该如何控制?第二，哪一级政府最适合监管或控制网络赌博?第三，在网络空间，政府如何从赌博活动中获得收入?最后，网络赌博涉及到什么样的社会成本(Feldman, 2004)。政策制定者需要考虑的问题有很多，比如什么类型的游戏应该合法化，税率是多少，授权费是多少等等。他们还需要为玩家创造一个安全的游戏环境，并保证游戏的完整性。

The Internet Gamblers互联网的赌徒

According to the American Psychological Association, people who gamble on the internet may become more addicted and have more serious gambling problem than those who play at the casinos. Internet gamblers can play anywhere they want without anyone being aware that they are actually gambling. It is very convenient, but it also means people can win or lose an amount of money very quickly. One surprising fact that goes against the gambling stereotypes is that female internet gamblers outnumbered male internet gamblers. A less surprising fact is that many gamblers tend to be young because they tend to take more risks and use technology more. Internet gamblers are very technologically aware, which will increasingly open up opportunities for gambling services to be delivered on alternative platforms (Woodruff & Gregory, 2005).

根据美国心理协会的说法，上网赌博的人比在赌场赌博的人更容易上瘾，有更严重的赌博问题。网上的赌徒可以在任何他们想玩的地方玩，而没有人意识到他们实际上是在赌博。它非常方便，但也意味着人们可以很快赢或输一大笔钱。一个令人惊讶的事实是，与赌博的刻板印象相反的是，女性网络赌徒的人数超过了男性网络赌徒。一个不那么令人惊讶的事实是，许多赌徒往往是年轻人，因为他们倾向于承担更多风险，更多地使用科技。互联网赌客对技术非常敏感，这将为赌博服务在其他平台上提供越来越多的机会(Woodruff & Gregory, 2005)。

The study of profiles剖面的研究

In order to discover the views of current land based casino gamblers toward Internet gambling, a study was designed to collect information such as education level, income, age, access to the internet, and many more. In the study, two overall research questions were developed. What differences in demographic and behavioral characteristics exist between land based casino patrons who have Internet- gambled, and those who have not? And which behavioral responses and demographic characteristics are most effective in predicting a profile for those willing to Internet gamble in the future versus those who would not? (Woodruff & Gregory, 2005). The study has found that 52% of those who gamble online had a bachelor degree or higher, while there are only 23% of those who would not gamble on the internet had a bachelor degree of higher. On the other hand, the study has also found that households with income between $50,000 and $99,999 were the largest groups to gamble online (Woodruff & Gregory, 2005).

为了发现现时以土地为基础的赌场赌客对网上赌博的看法，一项研究旨在收集诸如教育程度、收入、年龄、上网机会等资料。在这项研究中，提出了两个全面的研究问题。有互联网赌博和没有互联网赌博的土地上的赌场顾客在人口统计和行为特征上存在什么差异?哪些行为反应和人口统计学特征在预测未来愿意上网赌博的人与不愿意上网赌博的人的情况时最有效?(伍德拉夫和格雷戈里，2005)。该研究发现，在网上赌博的人群中，52%的人拥有本科及以上学历，而不愿上网赌博的人群中，只有23%的人拥有本科以上学历。另一方面，研究也发现，收入在5万美元到99999美元之间的家庭是在线赌博的最大群体(Woodruff & Gregory, 2005)。

This explains why many successful players came from higher education backgrounds because they have the ability to solve skill games such as blackjack and poker. For example, mathematicians and scientists have been known to gamble frequently. Why? Because they know how mathematical formulas work and how to invent strategies in order to win the game. When asked whether people believe if they would get paid if they win gambling online, many people who are not internet gamblers said no because they don't know how they would get paid or they don't trust it. The main reason is because only 59% of those who have never gambled online had made purchases on the internet and willing to bank online. Compared to 95% of those who had Internet-gambled had made purchases on the Internet, that number is very low. This may relate to feeling confident in banking online. If people understand how funds can be transferred electronically, they may be more willing to believe they would get paid for online winnings (Woodruff & Gregory, 2005). Also, the study has shown that those who have gambled online before were likely to do it again. While those who have never done would not consider doing it in the future.

这就解释了为什么许多成功的玩家来自高等教育背景，因为他们有能力解决技能游戏，如21点和扑克。例如，众所周知，数学家和科学家经常赌博。为什么?因为他们知道如何使用数学公式，以及如何发明策略来赢得比赛。当被问及人们是否相信如果他们在网上赌博中获胜会得到报酬时，许多非网上赌博者表示不相信，因为他们不知道他们将如何获得报酬或他们不相信它。主要原因是，在那些从未在线赌博的人当中，只有59%的人曾在网上购买过东西，并愿意在线银行。与95%的网上赌博者在网上购物相比，这个数字非常低。这可能与对网上银行的信心有关。如果人们了解如何通过电子方式转移资金，他们可能更愿意相信他们可以通过在线奖金获得报酬(Woodruff & Gregory, 2005)。此外，研究还表明，那些曾经在网上赌博的人很可能会再次赌博。而那些从来没有这样做过的人将来也不会考虑这样做。

Conclusion结论

In conclusion, based on all the information, internet gamblers are most likely to be well educated, younger, because they are more likely to try new things, higher income, and willing to make purchases through the internet. Like many other industries, the gambling and casinos industry is being transformed by the internet. It allows many individuals to have access to online casinos around the world. Internet gambling is still a subject that everyone has different opinions on and it is not going to change anytime soon. Some people might think it is bad and a waste of time, while many others think it is an acceptable form of entertainment and very convenient.

综上所述，基于所有的信息，网络赌徒最有可能是受过良好教育的，年轻的，因为他们更有可能尝试新事物，更高的收入，并愿意通过互联网购买。和许多其他行业一样，博彩业正在被互联网改变。它允许许多个人进入世界各地的在线赌场。网络赌博仍然是一个每个人都有不同意见的主题，它不会很快改变。一些人可能认为这是不好的，浪费时间，而许多人认为这是一种可以接受的娱乐形式，非常方便。

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