心理学Essay举例：Colors in Cognitive Psychology

本文是心理学Essay范例，题目是“Colors in Cognitive Psychology（认知心理学中的色彩）”，我们周围的一切都是彩色的，从地面到天空，我们所看到的世界绝不是黑白的。有些人喜欢穿黑色的衣服，而另一些人喜欢鲜艳的图案和抽象的设计。红色自动地让我们谨慎地让步，而绿色则让我们知道可以走了。但是，你看到的颜色真的会影响你的感觉和你在生活中所做的决定吗?研究甚至常识都表明，事实上，颜色可以描绘许多不同的感觉、情绪，甚至思想。为什么人们喜欢某些特定的颜色，为什么他们喜欢的餐厅被漆成如此迷人的颜色，为什么某些色调可以帮助任何人获得机会，这都是有原因的。通过更深入地观察人们在日常生活中选择的事物的颜色，认知角度可以极大地帮助我们理解这种现象的原因。

Everything around us is an array of color, from the ground we walk on to the sky above, the world we see is anything but black and white. Some people prefer to wear black clothes while others enjoy bright patterns and abstract design. Red automatically makes us yield cautiously, where as green lets us know that it is ok to go. But, could the colors you see actually influence the way you feel and the decisions you make in your life? Research and even common sense has shown that in fact, colors can portray many different feelings, moods, and even thinking. There is reason for why people have certain favorite colors, why their favorite restaurants are painted such intriguing colors and why certain shades can help anyone achieve opportunity. By looking more in depth at the colors of the things a person may choose to include in their everyday lives, a cognitive perspective could greatly help to understand the reason of this occurrence.

Colors are one of the many things that play a part in our daily lives, whether we know it or not. But what most people do not realize is just how big of a role color plays on our lives on a more personal level. When you look at an object, the “color” of that object that you see is actually the wavelength of the light reflecting off of the object itself. But why do people associate certain colors with certain things? Research throughout the ages has shown that when people see certain colors they feel different emotions. As every one grows from a young age where they are able to differentiate and understand the things they see, he or she is able to know what color different objects are and even which color represents certain feelings. Bright colors portray happiness and excitement, dark colors are more somber and sad, and those in between trigger all kinds of activity within a person’s mind and body.

无论我们是否知道，颜色都是我们日常生活中发挥作用的众多事物之一。但是，大多数人都没有意识到，在个人层面上，颜色在我们的生活中扮演着多么重要的角色。当你看一个物体时，你看到的那个物体的“颜色”实际上是物体本身反射的光的波长。但是为什么人们会把特定的颜色和特定的事物联系起来呢?多年来的研究表明，当人们看到特定的颜色时，他们会产生不同的情绪。随着每个人从小就能够区分和理解他们所看到的事物，他或她能够知道不同物体的颜色，甚至哪一种颜色代表某种感觉。明亮的颜色表现出快乐和兴奋，黑暗的颜色则表现出忧郁和悲伤，而介于两者之间的颜色则会激发人的心理和身体的各种活动。

From what we know, the primary colors are, red, yellow and blue. Followed by secondary colors and then more complex color mixtures including green, purple, orange, black, grey and white. From what research has shown, Red is an extremely intense color. It expresses passion and draws attention to itself, positive and negative, and it has also been known to cause a rise in a person’s blood pressure. Yellow is the color of happiness, but if it is seen in too large of quantities it can have an ill tempered effect. Blue is the most popular color, it is calming and nice and shows to lower blood pressure. Green reminds us of nature and tranquility, purple represents royalty, orange is often very friendly, and white is the color of cleanliness and purity. On the darker side of the spectrum is black which we see as depressing and bold and even grey that can make one have a feeling of loss and sadness.

据我们所知，原色是红、黄、蓝。其次是次级色，然后是更复杂的混合色，包括绿色、紫色、橙色、黑色、灰色和白色。研究表明，红色是一种非常强烈的颜色。它表达了激情，吸引了人们对自身的关注，无论是积极的还是消极的。众所周知，它还会导致一个人的血压上升。黄色是幸福的颜色，但如果它的数量过多，就会产生不好的影响。蓝色是最受欢迎的颜色，它让人平静、舒适，还能降低血压。绿色让我们想起自然和宁静，紫色代表皇室，橙色通常很友好，白色是清洁和纯洁的颜色。在光谱中较暗的一面是黑色，我们认为它令人沮丧和大胆，甚至是灰色，会让人产生失落感和悲伤感。

When colors are researched and studied, the first concept noticed is how they each portray their own feeling or emotion. Also, different colors do cause different bodily events. Judging by these facts, colors would probably be researched from a biological perspective which focuses on how bodily events affect behavior, feelings, and thoughts(Wade and Tavris 2008). Red is proven to raise blood pressure as the color blue is proven to lower it. Each and everyday colors influence certain reactions and processes within the body that are later expressed through health and emotion.

当对颜色进行研究时，我们首先注意到的概念是它们如何描绘自己的感觉或情绪。此外，不同的颜色确实会引起不同的身体活动。根据这些事实，颜色可能会从生物学的角度进行研究，即关注身体事件如何影响行为、感觉和思想(Wade and Tavris 2008)。红色被证明可以提高血压，而蓝色被证明可以降低血压。每一种日常的颜色都会影响身体的某些反应和过程，这些反应和过程后来会通过健康和情感表达出来。

Colors not only emphasis an object or an emotion, they also catalyze the mind to make unconscious judgments. Research may show that colors can cognitively influence our actions and reasoning towards certain situations in our lives. The branch of psychology known as the cognitive perspective emphasizes what goes on in peoples heads, including reasoning, memory, how we understand language, how we solve problems, explain experiences and also how we acquire moral standings(Wade and Tavris 2008). It focuses mainly on unconscious mental processes, and though people do make their own decisions, there are certain things that help a person to make a choice that even they do not know they are making. Cognitive perspective can also be interpreted as defining how people process, learn, and remember information. When children are young they are often taught which colors go with which word or picture, something that helps them to remember what they are learning. People also need some sort of cue to help them understand why they perceive the things they come in contact with. Colors can also help people further understand these perceptions.

颜色不仅强调一个物体或一种情感，它们还催化大脑做出无意识的判断。研究表明，颜色可以在认知上影响我们在生活中某些情况下的行为和推理。认知观点是心理学的一个分支，它强调人们大脑中发生的事情，包括推理、记忆、我们如何理解语言、我们如何解决问题、解释经验以及我们如何获得道德地位(Wade和Tavris 2008)。它主要关注的是无意识的心理过程，尽管人们自己做决定，但有一些东西可以帮助人们做出选择，即使他们自己都不知道自己在做什么。认知角度也可以解释为定义人们如何处理、学习和记忆信息。当孩子们还小的时候，他们经常被教导哪个颜色和哪个单词或图片搭配，这可以帮助他们记住正在学习的东西。人们还需要一些线索来帮助他们理解为什么他们会感知他们接触到的东西。颜色也可以帮助人们进一步理解这些感知。

There is an endless number of examples of how colors influence everyone’s lives. One of these examples is the fact that the color of food can curb a person’s appetite. When a person looks at what they are about to eat it does not occur to them that the color could be the reason why they do not eat the food. But this is not the actual case. It was been shown that if a kitchen is painted blue or purple, the people in the kitchen will eat less. This is because since not many foods in the natural world are blue or purple, they unconsciously deny the color. The same concept goes for colors such as yellow and orange with lift a persons spirits and increase appetite. Other accounts have shown that even hair color or the color clothing someone wears to a job interview will greatly influence the employer of whether or not to hire the person. The employers brain reasons that a person with blonde hair would not be as reliable as a person with dark brown hair and also, wearing a more subtle color such as black on an interview would be more hopeful than an intense color such as red. From a sense of moral standing and importance, every culture has its own colors to depict certain aspects of religion. From a cognitive perspective, colors from a more personal stand point will influence someone’s life without them knowing because it is a color they grew up knowing was important to their family and moral life. They process these certain symbols as good or bad or important by their color. Also, different hues of color cause different emotions to run through the mind, and when people feel certain things, it does impair their judgment. Some one who is angry will make a different choice then someone who feels happy. Someone may think more thoroughly about a situation if they are calm rather then if they have a sense of anxiety.

关于颜色如何影响每个人的生活，有无数的例子。其中一个例子就是食物的颜色可以抑制人的食欲。当一个人看着他们将要吃的东西时，他们不会想到颜色可能是他们不吃这些食物的原因。但实际情况并非如此。研究表明，如果厨房被漆成蓝色或紫色，在厨房里的人会吃得更少。这是因为自然界中没有多少食物是蓝色或紫色的，所以他们不自觉地否认这种颜色。同样的概念也适用于黄色、橙色等能提振精神、增加食欲的颜色。还有一些说法表明，即使是头发的颜色或某人参加面试时穿的衣服的颜色也会极大地影响雇主是否雇用这个人。雇主的大脑认为，金发的人不如深棕色头发的人可靠，而且，在面试中穿黑色这样微妙的颜色比红色这样强烈的颜色更有希望。从道德地位和重要性的角度来看，每种文化都有自己的色彩来描绘宗教的某些方面。从认知的角度来看，从更个人的角度来看，颜色会在人们不知情的情况下影响他们的生活，因为他们从小就知道这种颜色对他们的家庭和道德生活很重要。他们通过颜色来区分这些符号的好坏和重要性。此外，不同的颜色会在大脑中产生不同的情绪，当人们感觉某些事情时，这确实会损害他们的判断力。生气的人会做出不同的选择，而快乐的人会做出不同的选择。如果一个人在平静的情况下比在焦虑的情况下思考得更透彻。

Research has shown that by applying cognitive psychology to peoples lives we can improve memory, increase decision making accuracy, and enhance learning. By better understanding all the different colors and how they make people feel and react, and how they influence biological processes, researchers can continue to improve ways of learning and thought process. People can eventually make life choices that they know will be successful and that can even improve and simplify their lives. Not only can people know when to use mind stimulating colors, and they can also continue to judge by the colors they see. Applying a cognitive perspective to the idea of colors helps us to understand many different things, such as, why a natural born leader would choose purple, the color of royalty, or why orange makes anyone come off as a friendly person, or why people react to any other shade.

研究表明，通过将认知心理学应用到人们的生活中，我们可以改善记忆，提高决策的准确性，并增强学习能力。通过更好地了解所有不同的颜色，以及它们给人的感觉和反应，以及它们如何影响生物过程，研究人员可以继续改进学习和思维过程的方式。人们最终可以做出他们知道会成功的生活选择，甚至可以改善和简化他们的生活。人们不仅可以知道什么时候使用刺激大脑的颜色，他们还可以继续通过他们看到的颜色来判断。将认知角度应用于颜色的概念有助于我们理解许多不同的事情，例如，为什么天生的领导者会选择紫色，皇室的颜色，或为什么橙色让人看起来很友好，或为什么人们会对其他颜色做出反应。

Colors in cognitive psychology could greatly help law enforcement by helping them choose a color that could calm someone during questioning so they do not feel pressured to lie or overwhelmed by an event and can clearly tell what they know. Also, in hospitals can use pastels to relax patients so they can better process what is going on, or use brighter colors to cheer up patients. Colors from a cognitive perspective explain many of life’s occurrences and can further help researches explore the processes of learning, decision making, reasoning, judgment, and many other mind processes.

在认知心理学中，颜色可以极大地帮助执法人员，帮助他们选择一种颜色，可以让他们在被询问时保持冷静，这样他们就不会因为撒谎或被事件所压得喘不过气来，并且可以清楚地说出他们所知道的事情。此外，在医院可以使用柔和的颜色来放松病人，这样他们可以更好地处理正在发生的事情，或者使用明亮的颜色来鼓舞病人。从认知的角度来看，颜色可以解释许多生命事件，并可以进一步帮助研究人员探索学习、决策、推理、判断和许多其他思维过程。

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