本文是电子商务专业的留学生Essay范例，题目是“Is Cyber Crime Becoming a Threat to E-Commerce?（网络犯罪正在成为电子商务的威胁吗？）”，在当今世界，互联网已成为从网上购物到网上银行等一切的来源。 与 1990 年代中期技术开始发展之前相比，实体市场变得不那么活跃。 尽管有些人可能会积极地将互联网视为收入来源，但不知道使用互联网时所承担的风险。
In today’s world the internet has become a source for everything from online shopping to online banking. Physical markets are becoming less active compared to before when technology started evolving in the mid 1990’s. Though some may people may see the internet positively as a source of income without knowing the risks being taken whilst using the internet.
1.0 INTRODUCTION引言
Cybercrime is one of the biggest problems the world is facing right now and mostly for the industry of e-commerce. Millions of pounds, personal data are being stolen annually from the internet. Cybercrime has become a hurdle in the road of success of online business. So, I have written this report to outline the various problems concerning cybercrime and how to address this issue.
网络犯罪是当今世界面临的最大问题之一，主要针对电子商务行业。 每年有数百万英镑的个人数据从互联网上被盗。 网络犯罪已成为在线业务成功之路上的障碍。 因此，我编写了这份报告来概述有关网络犯罪的各种问题以及如何解决这个问题。
No Holiday, no time limits, no distance bound, in today’s world of commerce; it has shifted from its old physical markets to electronic & mobile commerce, where you can shop at your convenience, do transactions anytime and anywhere with just a click away. E-commerce is providing the easy & most convenient way for a financial transactions and shopping. Most banks in the United Kingdom (UK) have setup their desktop and mobile software to ease the online transaction. Global online shopping giants Amazon, E-Bay and the Chinese Alibaba have made their move to introduce the modernization into the industry.
When most transactions are going on electronically, they are also becoming the source of crime. Lots of information shared, money transferred are on the target of the cyber criminals. All organisations are increasing their technical base, more and more people are depending upon the internet for transactions without analysing the risk associated with the technology. Cyber criminals manipulate financial and other personal data, can move electronic ownership, interrupt communications with employees or business partners, steal intellectual property, damage an organisation’s reputation, or bring e-commerce (or an entire business) to shut down.
2.0 Internet Revolution互联网革命
According to (Sarwar, 2013) The smartphone revolution in telecom industry has been boosting up, increasing year by year and so many opportunities are coming through with this small device that we use in our everyday lives. Today, with over 87.9% of the population of the United Kingdom (UK) [source:www.ons.gov.uk]
根据 (Sarwar, 2013) 的说法，电信行业的智能手机革命一直在加速，逐年增加，我们在日常生活中使用的这种小型设备带来了很多机会。 今天，英国 (UK) 拥有超过 87.9% 的人口 [来源：www.ons.gov.uk]
The Office for National Statistics predicts that this number is likely to increase. A rapidly expanding industry, with smartphones in hand are looking to the future and breaking the chain of traditional physical shopping in the coming decades.
Below are the top 10 countries by number of internet users.
3.0 Cyber-Crime and Law网络犯罪与法律
Cyber-crime is an unlawful act are carried out by criminals through the internet, and can vary from forgery to hacking and so on. Criminal activities theft, fraud, forgery, defamation and mischief through the internet or electronic media are also considered the Cyber Crimes under Information Technology Act, 2000 (Amended 2008). (Holton, 2010) says, Unsecured networks, IT infrastructure, lack of awareness in consumers and organisations make the cyber-crime complex.
网络犯罪是犯罪分子通过互联网实施的非法行为，可以从伪造到黑客等。 通过互联网或电子媒体进行的盗窃、欺诈、伪造、诽谤和恶作剧的犯罪活动也被视为 2000 年信息技术法案下的网络犯罪（2008 年修订）。 (Holton, 2010) 说，不安全的网络、IT 基础设施、消费者和组织缺乏意识使网络犯罪变得复杂。
3.1 Cyber crime does happen all around the world, these criminals use the advantage of the internet to attack individuals, organisations or even the government. Here are some of the Laws that are taken seriously by authorities;
• Tampering with computer source documents
• Loss/Damage to computer resources
• Hacking
• Obscene publication/transmission in the electronic form
• Failure Certifying Authority
• Failure to assist in decrypting the information intercepted by Govt. Agency
• Un-Authorised access to protected computer system
• Obtaining license or digital signature by misrepresentation
• Publishing False Information
• Digital Fraud
• Breach of Privacy
• False Electronic Evidence
• Destruction of electronic evidence
• Forgery
• Counterfeiting Property Mark
• Tampering
3.1 In cyber-crime computer is used as weapon (Cyber Terrorism, Credit/ Debit Card Frauds, EFT Frauds) and also computer is on target (Hacking, Virus/Worm attacks, damaging/spoofing operating system etc.) of criminals
Cyber law describes the area of law that deals with cyberworld and its users. It is blend of numerous legitimate fields, licensed innovation, protection, opportunity of articulation and ward. Cyber security is to provide a safeguard to online fraud, humiliation; unsocial content on internet & illegal human activity over the internet.
3.2 The smartphone and tablet revolution have increased the e-commerce transactions but with that risk of cyber-crime has also been increasing. Cyber crime has significantly increased in the last five years has alarmed to make provision to bind the crimes. Strong laws, awareness in people and use of technology are necessary to prevent activities that are responsible for use in a negative perspective.
4.0 Cyber Crime & e-commerce网络犯罪和电子商务
With the new mode of business activities, e.g. banking, retail etc. this all depends upon electronic media, the internet is now like heaven for the cyber-criminals. Companies that shifting towards the internet are excited about their growth and on the other hand worry about security.
随着新的商业活动模式，例如 银行、零售等都依赖于电子媒体，互联网现在就像网络犯罪分子的天堂。 转向互联网的公司对其增长感到兴奋，另一方面担心安全性。
(Kuechler, 2005) Argues that the E-commerce industry is different from the rest of the industries in terms of operations so it has unique challenges and the risks as the physical absence increases the chances of frauds and crimes. There are many more reasons across the globe for uncontrolled e-commerce cyber frauds.
The cost of cyber-crime will continue to increase as more businesses are moving online and as consumers and organisations are gathering on the cyber space. Risk of theft of intellectual property increases resulting in replicate products with us of technology theft causing huge losses to companies.
Governments should take more serious precautions to combat the challenges of cyber-crime otherwise technology will do damage to businesses. Globally cyber-crime has been claiming the loss of 300 Billion Pounds annually. (Net losses: Estimating the Global Cost of Cyber-crime, economic impact of cybercrime II, 2014)
First Time Buyers: New customers are joining the voyage continuously also the new retailers are coming. Both have less knowledge and awareness so they are always easy prey for the cyber criminals.
Online Debit/Credit Card installment choices: All over the world this has become a significant issue as less and less exchanges are turning out to be carefully physical just in this way.
5.0 How to deal with these Cyber-crimes如何处理这些网络犯罪
Cyber-crimes can be controlled by mutual cooperation amongst organisations and the net users. Organisations and Governments should provide the safety and technical support to the users to prevent these crimes. The Internet users also have to some precautions not to fall victim to these frauds. The internet should unite in search of a better and secure Tech world, therefore to get rid of these cybercrime practitioners it will need mutual cooperation,
网络犯罪可以通过组织和网络用户之间的相互合作来控制。 组织和政府应向用户提供安全和技术支持，以防止这些犯罪。 互联网用户还必须采取一些预防措施，以免成为这些欺诈行为的受害者。 互联网应该联合起来寻找一个更好、更安全的科技世界，因此要摆脱这些网络犯罪从业者，就需要相互合作，
5.1 (Amir, 2019) Expresses, that below are the few ways we could possibly overcome this horror;
Different Passwords for Different Sites: This method would help users protect most if not all personal information, possibly if the cybercriminal cracks one website you may be safe on the other.
Use Secured Sites: Using secure sites will make it harder for the criminals to get through the site to steal information so therefore this is a very good way to protect yourself from these acts of crime.
Don’t open suspicious emails: Criminals do use this method as a way to trap their victim, promising them a lottery win or a fixed gambling games win just so they could get hand of the information and then vanish with stolen financial information.
Frequently Change Passwords: It is very unsafe to use the same password on a platform for a long time, therefore, it would be safer to frequently change passwords
Shop through trusted Sites: Trusted sites would be harder to be attacked by these criminals as so far they are well known and with that being said they may be well secured that’s why most are using it
6.0 CONCLUSION结论
After my research about this topic, my findings do justify that cybercrime is seriously damaging the evolution of the E-commerce industry, the users are feeling threatened by these acts of crime, as most of them of a possibility of cybercrime leading to their hard-earned money being stolen by the criminals.
在我对这个话题进行研究之后，我的发现确实证明了网络犯罪正在严重破坏电子商务行业的发展，用户感到受到这些犯罪行为的威胁，因为他们中的大多数人都认为网络犯罪的可能性会导致他们难以 赚的钱被犯罪分子偷走。
Not only is it affecting the users, but also the e-commerce businesses, as fear is all over the customers so this will lead to a downfall of users in to the industry, in this way the industry is losing out of a large sum of money. So, I do think there’s a need for the governments and private cybersecurity organisations intervention in order to secure the internet and make it safe for everyone to use.
Not to be one sided, I also do think there are some improvements to cyber security being made. The internet is not as unsecure as before, although they may still be some areas that need improvement. And I do believe the organisations concerned can overcome these problems soon.
不要偏袒一方，我也确实认为网络安全正在取得一些改进。 互联网不像以前那样不安全，尽管它们可能仍然是一些需要改进的领域。 我相信有关组织很快就能克服这些问题。
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