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墨西哥之美 世界上有很多的国家，本文主要写的是北美的一个国家墨西哥，本文讲尽力的对这个国家存在的一些现象一个清晰的认识，这将关系到这个国家的历史，经济，教育，旅游和人文以及其他的一些问题。 历史 在北美各国中有一些大的国家，包括墨西哥，还有包括整个美国在内的北美的前五个大国家。整个国家与美国的北部接壤，南部和太平洋的西侧接壤。研究这个国家，很重要的一点就是要去理解目前所存在的背后的历史。这个国家在1810年脱离西班牙的殖民统治成为一个独立的国家，之前墨西哥的版图是在西班牙的版图之中，而且还是新西班牙的分支，墨西哥经历了三次重要的文明时期，他们是玛雅人文明，埃里克文明，和在阿兹特克帝国经历的头克斯文明。这个国家还和它的北边的邻居美国存在着一些冲突，例如1836年失去了德州给美国。 The Beauty of Mexico There are several countries in the world. Of key interest in this writing is the North American country of Mexico. This writing seeks to provide a clearer understanding behind some of the phenomena that exists in this country. This is especially with regards to matters to do with the country’s history, the economy, the education sector, tourism and the culture among several others. History Some of the large countries in Norh America include Mexico and also it is in the top five big countries in the entire America countries in North America. The country is bordered by the US on the north and on the south it is bordered by the Pacific Ocean all the way to the western side. In examining this country it is important to understand the history behind its present existence. The country became an independent entity away from Spain in the year 1810. Prior to this the territory had been under the Spanish territory and had actually been branded New Spain. The Mexican civilization has experienced three major civilizations in the course of its existence. These are the Mayas, the Olmecs and the Toltecs who happened to have preceded the Aztec empire. The country has also been in conflict with its northern neighbor the US. In 1836 for example, Mexico lost Texas to the US. It has also lost Utah, California, Wyoming and also most of New Mexico and Arizona. It is also worth noting that the country has experienced a lot of civil wars in the past for example the French Invasion. The Mexican Climate Mexico largely lies along the tropic of Cancer. This latitude divides the country into two climate zones. The northern part experiences cooler temperatures with a further drop especially during the winter season. The southern part on the other hand has relatively constant temperatures. The northern part has rather dry climate and experiences minimal rainfall. The south on the other hand receives annual rainfall of well over 2000 mm per annum. Most of the cities in Mexico lie at altitudes above 2000 meters and this gives them a temperate climate all year round with the temperatures the temperatures averaging 16 to 19 degree celcious. This north and south division has made Mexico experience the most diverse of weather systems (Krauze, 1997). Population The 2010 census that was carried out put estimate d the population to be slightly above 112 million people. The population comprises majorly of people of Hispanic descent. This high population makes Mexico the most populated Hispanic country. The Mexican population is very much cosmopolitan. It comprises of people from diverse backgrounds all living together. The culture in this society is a mix of some of the cultures that have taken root in Europe in combination with the local cultures. The average society has individuals stemming from the different races of the world. It is estimated that 58% of these are European, 35 % are Asian while close to 5% are African. Mexico also accommodates a considerable population of some of the citizens from other countries. The country is estimated to be having the largest number of US citizens residing in it as compared to any other country in the world. Due to the diverse nature of the Mexican society, there is no official language that has been put in place or set by the constitution. However, the country has the largest number of people speaking the Spanish language (Moreno, 2006). The main religion that is practiced in the country is Roman Catholicism. Over 80 percent of the population is catholic. This constitutes the second largest population of Catholic faithful in a single country. The Economic Overview The country has one of the largest economies in the Latin America region and the thirteenth largest economy globally. The second largest economy to be precise. The annual growth rate is well over 5% while the foreign debt which the country has is well below 20% of the entire GDP. In this light it is also important to point out that the population that is living in poverty is actually below 20%. This is however changing. In the recent past it has come to be seen that the socio-economic gap is tremendously rising. The rich are continually enriching themselves while the poor continue living in dilapidated conditions. This has lead to the emergence of slums all over the country. There are certain factors that contribute to this good economic performance. The country is also a major producer and also exporter of oil. In this connection close to a third of the total government revenue comes from this. Aside from this there are other key contributors such as industrial exports, finished manufactured goods, banks and other financial institutions and also the vehicle industry. Mexico is actually the largest car making nation in North America. Some of the world’s major car making firms is located here. These include Nissan, Volkswagen, Chrystler and General Motors. Tourism in Mexico Mexico is a country that has invested a significant amount of finance in the tourism industry. Most of the tourists to the country come from its North American neighbours not forgetting Europe and Asia. Some of the tourist attraction sites include the Mexican National Palace not forgetting the Metropolitan Cathedral. Other tourist-pull factors are the country’s culture and particularly the music which has been famed world over. This music actually represents the diverse cultural backgrounds of the Mexican population. There are also theatres, art galleries and museums. Mexican politics The Mexican political system is also very developed. The states are actually a federation with a government that is majorly based on the constitution that was established in the year 1917. The constitution is federal and largely constitutes of three levels of governance; the municipal governments, the state governments and finally the federal union. All the levels of government are republican, each composed of the legislature, the executive and he judiciary. The executive is the president, who is also the head government and also the state. Also forming part of the executive is the cabinet which is mainly composed of ministers who are presidential appointees. The judiciary is mainly the Supreme Court of Justice and comprises of eleven judges who are also presidential appointees. The legislature being the other arm of the government is bicameral in nature. It is made up of the senate and the chamber of deputies. The main function of the legislature is the development of laws and legislations and also the ratification of certain policies and procedures. Crime in Mexico The crime rate in Mexico fairs average in comparison to other countries in the world. What is rather alarming is the fact that the country is regarded as a hub in the illegal drugs trade. This has been a major problem that has faced the Mexican administration for a very long time. There exist cartels across the country whose activities span international borders when it comes to the trade of drugs. A lot of criminals involved in this illegal drug trade have been killed over the past few years; close to 30,000 of these criminals are reported to have been gunned down. Quite a number of individuals killed in the course of the drug crackdown are actually innocent people who happen to be either in the line of fire or people used by the criminals as human shields. Another issue that is witnessed in the Mexican crime scene is the existence of mafias. These are groups of people majorly families who mostly engage in activities that will raise eyebrows. In most cases it is seen that the mafias engage in fights and illegal trade with other mafias and in some places they are seen to control the activities and the livelihoods of the people. Mexico’s flora and fauna Mexico is classified as one of the world’s countries that are megadiverse. There are close to 300,000 species of living organisms that are in existence in the Mexican territory. These figures are actually very high. This fact has actually made Mexico a place of residence for well over 12 percent of the world’s biodiversity. What takes first ranking in this biodiversity is the large number of reptile species that are in the country; over seven hundred different species. It is also worth noting that Mexico has great levels of deforestation. In this connection the government has taken measures to ensure that there is public awareness on the issue and has also put in place preventive measures that are aimed at reducing the deforestation rates and also encouraging the masses to engage more in environmental conservation.#p#分页标题#e# Transport and Communication in Mexico The transport network is well established in most of the country. There are paved roads spanning hundreds of thousands of kilometers. However, this is just not enough to serve this vast country. The railway network is also developed to a greater extent. The country is also in the process of adopting the modern improvements in the train system. This is especially relating to the bullet train concept. There are hundreds of airports spread all over the country. The largest among all these is International airport which known as Mexican city is situated in the country’s capital and it serves close to twenty five million passengers every year. Mexico’s telecommunication infrastructure is also well-developed. There are many operator companies, some actually being multinationals. However, the dominant among these is Telmex, which not only operates in Mexico but has a wider market in the Latin America region. The rugged terrain that is largely dominant in Mexico necessitates the provision of mobile phone services as opposed to landlines which use cables. Mobile telephony has been largely adopted since it enables one to cover more ground in a way that is comparatively less expensive in comparison to landlines. It is estimated that over 80 percent of the Mexican population is in possession of a mobile phone. Internet, radio and television usage is very much prevalent. In this line it is worth noting that there are over 1300 radio broadcasting stations and well over 200 television channels in the country. Mexico is the Latin America’s biggest market for the internet with an estimated 35 million users at the end of 2010. The media industry in this country is largely dominated by Televisa group. However, there have been other emerging industry players that are aimed at going against this dominance that the group has had. When speaking about the media in Mexico there is an alarming fact that has come to be known. Reporters without Borders (RSF) referred to Mexico as one of the most dangerous countries. This is because of the dangers which the journalists are exposed to and in this case murder. Corrupt individuals and drug cartels are majorly to blame for these murders. Education in Mexico The education in Mexico is very well placed in comparison to other countries of the world. The country exhibits the best teacher-to student population figures. It is reported that this rate is at one teacher to every twenty five students. And it actually covers all the levels of education. The intelligence, skills and competence of the Mexican students is also worth writing home about. Some of the Mexican institutions of higher learning are actually placed in top positions worldwide. |
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