矿物质和水之间的关系：Relationships between minerals and waters_加拿大作业_留学生作业

ABSTRACT摘要
在本节中的报告之前，有个100字左右的小摘要。本文主要是为了澄清在氧化环境中的氧化物次生矿物可能决定锑的分散程度，schafarzikite，FeSb2O4和tripuhyite，FeSbO4等的合成及稳定性研究，溶解度分别在298.15 K和在含水HNO 3的情况下用于计算在相同温度下ΔGfө的值而获得的数据来确定结果。

In this section you write a 100-word summary of your report. In order to clarify the roles that secondary minerals may determine the extent of the dispersion of antimony in oxidising environments, syntheses and stability studies of the oxides schafarzikite, FeSb2O4, and tripuhyite, FeSbO4, have been undertaken. Solubilities in aqueous HNO3 were determined at 298.15 K and the data obtained used to calculate values of ΔGfө at the same temperature. The derived ΔGfө(s, 298.15 K) values for FeSb2O4 and FeSbO4 are –959.4 4.3 and –836.8 2.2 kJ mol–1, respectively. Results have been compared with electrochemically-derived data in the literature, extrapolated from 771-981 K. The present study has shown conclusively that whilst the mobility of Sb above the water table is limited by simple Sb(III) and Sb(V) oxides and stibiconite group minerals, depending upon the prevailing redox potential and pH an important ultimate sink for Sb in the supergene environment is tripuhyite.

1. INTRODUCTION引言

本节提供了本文的研究背景，即在晴朗角，矿点，硫化物矿床，土壤化学，水化学，表生地球化学等细节一定要讨论的硫化物矿床欣角的类型，任何历史信息，您都可以到地质信息源查询。最后一段说明了我们的研究目标，并通过这个简介来介绍我们的工作。

In this section provide a background to your project; details on Sunny Corner, mine sites, sulfide deposits, soil chemistry, water chemistry, supergene geochemistry, etc. Be sure to discuss the type of sulfide deposit at Sunny Corner. Any historical information you may be able to source including geological information. Use the last paragraph to state your aims; if you read the last paragraph of this Introduction it reads “in this work…”. You should start your last paragraph in this fashion.

Annual production of antimony (Sb) ranks it ninth of all metals mined for industrial applications (Krachler et al., 2001; Filella et al., 2002a). Sb is a toxic heavy metal and this has occasioned many studies aimed at understanding its solubility behaviour in surface waters and how it may be immobilised in the supergene zone. Comprehensive reviews by Filella et al. (2002a,b, 2003, 2009) and Filella and Williams (2010) have increased our understanding of the behaviour of antimony in the natural environment when it is present at low concentrations and how this relates to assessment of toxicity. Reports concerning Sb in contaminated sites (e.g., Ashley et al., 2003; Wilson et al., 2004; Wilson et al., 2010; Tserenpil and Liu, 2011; Wang et al., 2011) and potential remediation measures (e.g., Navarro and Algucil, 2002; Biswas et al., 2009; Wu et al., 2010; Xi et al., 2011) have emerged in the literature. Nevertheless, conflicting reports of the mobility of Sb in hydrological systems, especially those in oxidising near-surface environments, remain scattered through the literature with some authors claiming that Sb is mobile (Vink, 1996; Krupka and Serne, 2002), some the contrary (Wilson et al., 2004), and others noting that little is known about the matter (Filella et al, 2002a, b). In order to resolve this divergence of opinion, knowledge is required of secondary Sb-bearing phases that may serve to limit Sb solubility

Antimony usually exists in oxidation states -III, 0, III and V, and all are found in Nature. Upon oxidation near the Earth’s surface, oxidation states III and V dominate, but the geochemistry of Sb in the supergene environment, above the water table, is still not well understood. The confusion arises to a large degree from assessments of solubility of Sb when using Sb2O5(s) as a proxy for naturally occurring secondary Sb(V) minerals (Vink, 1996; Bookins, 1986). The phase does not occur naturally. Studies that address this issue have emerged only recently, and have highlighted the roles that salts of the Sb(OH)6– ion and members of the stibiconite group (MxSb2(O,OH)7) exert a considerable control (Filella et al., 2009), an observation echoed by others (Majzlan et al., 2011). Still, it remains apparent that other controls must be more significant than these.

In this work, syntheses and stability studies of the oxides schafarzikite, FeSb2O4, and tripuhyite, FeSbO4, were undertaken to derive ΔGfө(s, 298.15 K) values. These experimental values are compared to electrochemically-derived data in the literature, extrapolated from 771-981 K. The results of this study provide insights into the limited mobility of Sb in the natural environment.

2. MATERIALS AND METHODS材料与方法

Only write about the methods you present in your results – if you have methods in this section that are not presented in the Results section, you will lose marks. Cut and discard the sections that are not relevant to your project.

For static text in front of our religion has been involved in a lot, but only a static religion generalization or just a part of the static content on religion were discussed. Next, we will discuss the analysis of static religious system . ( In fact, we called on a lot of static religious sense refers to a primitive religion )

First, we can determine that arise from primitive religious needs of the community , more precisely, from the needs of social instincts . At this point we have no choice but to repeat the human intellect is the problem that this article mentioned several times . In the biological world driven by the impulse of life evolving with, and thus there have been two evolutionary lines , one is instinctive form of the animal kingdom , and the other is based on the form of the human intellect . The human intellect for human nature to break in the process of expanding the soil made outstanding contributions in the same process but the human intellect has also exposed its weaknesses and shortcomings , we have put these defects are summarized in three points in front : the reason people selfish, fear of death , anxiety in the future. Faced with this grim may hinder the evolution of the situation in the cause of life , human evolution "residual " instinct issued a call for it to it 's fiction, fantasy ability to create a religious myth, but also of all faiths in the form of primitive looking the spiritual consolation , so religion was born. This is a brief description of the primitive religion produced . In the course of human history in religion plays an important role , and in some specific period of time , such as the Middle Ages, became the dominant religion in secular society mainstream values . According to Bergson 's view, the reason he put religion into static and dynamic religion religion and the religion is defined as the initial stage of static religious development , because Bergson think even played live in a civilized society , static religion the role is almost identical to the original religion. Static religious Bergson defined in the " static" means that although early forms of religion , refers to a closed, fixed state, but his deep meaning not only refers only kind of religion, faith and faith groups form a stationary state , but refers to fixed religious functions . In other words , Bergson define static religion is religion in its fixed -based functions unchanged . As can be seen in Bergson 's " two sources of morality and religion ", the primitive society from primitive to civilized society primitive religion in our lives , functions static religion is basically unchanged . That still has two basic functions of religion is almost constant , one religion through religious taboos and religious prohibitions to dispel people's selfish idea that religion creates all sorts of terrible gods , through the " taboo" to maintain social cohesion and stability ; the second is religion for human fear of death confrontation functions , due to human rational analysis , reasoning and other functions resulting in human brain death formed a clear concept , they know they must die , and doomed , eventually forming of death fear , and religion is to design these mythical immortality of the soul , the afterlife , etc. to digestion people 's fear of death . As we mentioned the role of religious boycott in the first section concerns for humans "uncertainty between actions and results ," frustration arising in a civilized society has been gradually fading. With the advancement of science and technology because of a civilized society , people for the " results" and greater control , so people gradually reduce this concern . But in any case , the first two functions of religion is an integral part of maintaining human society .

In short, because the static religious instinct needs arising in society , work is the most basic , most fundamental , and is basically unchanged , so Bergson put this to meet the basic needs of members of social groups defined as the primary religion . " static religion . "

Bergson believes in the need of society to produce static religious instinct , which is a group of external form and adapt to social life , it plays on the role of reason against defects , its ultimate aim is to increase cohesion between people , which is the unity of the Department of Social development . Thus, in a large extent still is a personal religion emphasizes social customs, religious obedience and compliance with the ban , emphasizing above all the interest groups , focusing on the maintenance of social order . But from another perspective, a static religion often reject change and development ; so defective that it 's a static religion resting , fixed invariance, closed and exclusive .#p#分页标题#e#

Bergson pointed out that the religious life of mankind static religion , there should be another religion - a dynamic religion. This is a static religion there are significant different religions . It is not a static religion as a social or confined to a particular group, it will not succumb to the demands of real life, its form is not fixed ; its value orientation of the whole human race , and religion will eventually dynamic to the mysterious world . Although dynamic religion religions have personified as a static feature , but in the more dynamic religious body is showing an infinite creative power .

Bergson believes religion has a certain mystique dynamic , precise that it is a mysterious life experience , perception or experience. People living in this mysterious realm , and their hearts can be removed from the secular society , to enter into another mysterious realm , this field is jurisdiction "God" , the people's hearts and "God" to share a room , that people reach a unified heart with God. Of course , Bergson also pointed out that "pure mysticism " is difficult to achieve , and this mental state is relatively rare ; in this dynamic Bergson believes this mysterious realm is the realm of religion associated with the life impulse , that dynamic is a perfect expression of religious life impulses . If so, then the question arises that who has the ability to reach this mystical state, in order to achieve dynamic religious faith? Bergson for us to propose a solution. He believed that only a secular society in order to reach the great figures of advanced dynamic realm of religious mysticism , but this was no ordinary person can achieve. Because of these great figures of its advanced intelligence and talent is far more than a hundred times or a thousand times the ordinary . But Bergson also stressed lives of ordinary people in a secular society is not without opportunity areas accessible to the mysterious realm of dynamic religion , they advanced people under the leadership of self-cultivation is also possible to achieve the unity of the mysterious realm of the mind . Static and dynamic religion and religion , and people of religious faith still living in a closed society, they are subject to social systems , religious taboos constraints, these rules or taboos that people should or must comply ; whereas the population dynamics of religious beliefs to live in the open society, they are affected by the opening of moral and noble sentiments great luminaries . Therefore, we can say that the religious beliefs of the congregation is still constrained by religious prohibitions , and its scope of activities is limited , they accept that the "God" of constraints, and dynamic religious faith congregation is affected by the outstanding figures of they accept that the "God" of love, they are free. Faith groups mentioned , we have to mention the object of religious belief and worship was "God ." For this topic, Bergson considered static polytheistic religion is a natural , and dynamic religion is only one God , that God is able to give to mankind the highest revelation of God, is God. The only dynamic religion of God - God in fact human beings, the love bestowed by human , humans also advanced , led by figures bathed in holy love also his love toward God , their hearts with God eventually reach the same level. Dynamic religion is the highest state of human religion , but also the highest form of religious development .

This is a dynamic religion, a full open, dynamic and mystery religions , it is the perfect embodiment of the impulse of life , but also the life of a high impulse in human society continuity.

2.1 Soil Sampling Locations土壤采样地点

Where did you sample? Use maps, words, GPS co-ordinates to illustrate where you took your samples.

Bergson's religious thought , and even its philosophy , many people have criticized as a doctrine of mysticism , of course, we recognize Bergson 's philosophy of life "life impulse" has a little mystery in a way that as part of its the perfect embodiment of the dynamic form of religion becomes more mysterious. Bergson's dynamic religious ideology aside aside, on our own , we believe that every religion has a mystery. Bergson 's dynamic religious thought and the introduction of its life philosophy, religious ideas which make it more complex, and the consequences caused by the complexity of the confusion is that people eventually form a sense of mystery in people's brains . For Bergson's critique has mysterious religious thought of us in the third chapter to discuss where we look Bergson 's analysis of religious mysticism .

In Bergson 's view, " real or purely religious mysticism mysticism should have love , action to create these three elements ." ( Quoted from " Rereading Bergson " on page 199 ) Therefore, in Bergson eyes can only meet this standard of Christian mysticism , and Eastern mysticism and mysticism of India do not belong to the ranks of Greece . Bergson explains in detail the reasons for his thesis in his book " Two Sources of Morality and Religion " in the . Bergson believes the majority of Greek mysticism mysticism is not a mystery . The mystery resides religion among religions originated in the fictional mythology gods praise , but do not go beyond the scope of this mystery static religion. So Bergson clear that this is not a purely mystical mysticism , the idea was received this mysterious influence of Greek philosophy , but did not get rid of intellectualism , mysticism also said Greece is a unified and universal rationality , not unity of thought and action , not to mention God , life impulse close contact . For East Indian mysticism Bergson also been criticized. Bergson believes Shina Eastern religion, Buddhism, Brahmanism memories are thrown at the level of static religion. Buddhism as an example he said. Buddhists believe that life is a painful process , people should remove all desire , not as ; so as to achieve a beyond earthly , beyond the realm of happiness and pain , resulting in relief. Bergson pointed out that this also failed to reach a purely religious mystical realm, it has not been exposed to the "life " level of God ; and genuine mysticism emphasis is action, not inaction . So, how can we achieve pure mysticism it? Bergson humanities, in order to achieve genuine mysticism must have certain physical conditions , and conditions of this substance should be provided by industrial civilization , one only when people are no longer rushing to survive , they will follow advanced people seeking lofty spiritual realm . Like the Greek and Oriental mysticism mysticism of India due to the constraints of material conditions , or intellectualism obstacles , both have reached the pure mysticism conditions. To achieve pure mysticism is the need to go through a long process of preparation and brewing process. So, our world existing religions, the existence of such religious mysticism it? Bergson gives us the answer is yes. He believes that Christian mysticism reached the realm of pure mysticism , religious mysticism of Christianity and this is by Christian mystics to achieve these is the great mystics advanced people we mentioned earlier . Although the state of our social life and social life of the state of the ancient mystics have similarities in many ways , but it seems Bergson , Christian mystics have been far above this state of life, they have an advanced, outstanding action capability that makes them smash all barriers along a progressive direction , and ultimately to a transcendent realm of secular mystery . These mystics like St. Paul (St.Paul), St. Francis (St.Francis). Of course , Bergson also recognize those mystics who also has some disadvantages like ordinary people , but he thinks this is mystic mystical realm of high pursuit due.

Bergson considered a leading figure in modern or great mystics who , their thoughts and actions are unified. These mystics continued to put their ideas into action among them is not as static as the religious people in the church preaching the sermon , exhorted secular parties , but rather focus on religious practice , through their own action to influence secular human, so that they emulate the line . These great mystic mysterious reason , because in them we see the evolution of a mysterious force - life impulse. It is because of the great mystics have such courage impetus , they were able to rule out the obstacles impeding its progress and move forward . These mystics who embodied the matter with my natural unity , so that the mystery is not love them in a personal love for God or God , but God or God 's love for mankind , which kind of love beyond our instinctive love of family , country , and it is the driving force behind the creation of action and , under the guidance of God, and this love constantly engaged in the creation, this love is reflected impulse of life , a few of the advanced character the spread of such impulses in human life , in order to guide the entire field of human Mastery God or God.

Here we can simply summarize Bergson 's understanding of religious mysticism , Bergson think people respect the religious beliefs of that dynamic is the pursuit of a mystical realm , in order to reach the realm of dynamic religious mysticism must be few outstanding , with the life of this mysterious force impulse mystic guide , they use God 's love for mankind to God to guide mankind to God domains accessible , but when people reach God or God's land, there will be questions about God or the presence of God in the end is how it ? Who he is ? Some people may think , now ask God or God who is somewhat absurd, because if people do not know God or who God is , and how they would go to faith? But often the reality is always the contrary, some people in the faith or the pursuit of their goals tend to be vague, but the result is always wait until they are very close to the target or destination , they will suddenly realize that the ask yourself the exact target, and faith in the people , too, only when they are close to God, they will be seriously questioning the things of God . For this problem, Bergson also made answer , then we look for God's description of Bergson .#p#分页标题#e#

2.2 XRDX射线衍射

What type? Run time? Software?.

Here we Bergson's view of God is called " rolling " view of God , not the original author , Wang Li-ping 's book " difference between stretches - Bergson's philosophy and its contemporary fate ", he put Bergson God is defined as " stretch " God, I very much agree with the definition of the law. Because if according to this article title is concerned, we should put God Bergson defined as " a dynamic of God ," but this definition a bit stiff , but also with "God" has a mysterious personality that does not match , so I decided to learn Dr. Wang Liping definition method, using another Bergson's dynamic concept with rich meaning of " stretching " as the title of this section .

Bergson in " two sources of morality and religion ," in referring to God , setting himself asked , "Is there an other beings have the same reality , but our experience can not contact ' special presence ' it? " ( quote from" Rereading Bergson "on page 201 ) Bergson believes the existence of such a breach of the absurd logic of things , it is the " God " , Bergson 's dynamic religion in God and static stretches of religion different traditions in God . Bergson describes, traditional God often been considered covered with a thick layer of mystery , and become a magical being, it is omnipotent , has all the power to create , so it can create absolute nothingness the world of all things . This concept of God is discarded Bergson , he believes this God " is a mathematical , logical , physical concept of God ." ( Quoted from " differences between stretches - Bergson's philosophy and its contemporary fate ." page 707 ) he put this God figuratively as narcotic opium human soul , which is the soul of people addicted to opium human brain own fictional product. Finally, in the traditional view of God based on the criticism , philosophy of life from the perspective of Bergson , precisely, is the life impulse as a starting point , the traditional view of God conducted a thorough transformation.

2.3 Water 水

How did you prepare your waters for digestion?

Bergson with his poetic language to describe his God, he believes that God is at the center of the universe, while the world like a bunch of huge flame ejected from the heart , in the heart of God is not an object, but a species ejection continuously continuity . Therefore, in Bergson 's eyes, God is not easy, but in the creation of uninterrupted evolution, but God also has Bergson reality , it and its creatures I coexistence . We borrowed the concept stretches Bergson God can give this a positioning accuracy , in a nutshell , we can say that God is Bergson stretches . Bergson's God is a living God , the God of religion is dynamic . Thus , according to Bergson 's theory , the dynamic of God's religion is not the religion of God as static as beyond all , he lives with us ordinary people in the world, and we can even say that it is the " impulse of life ." Bergson 's God is a creative evolution of God. Although this God Bergson description somewhat mysterious and lofty , but it is out of reach . Bergson suggests that great mystic who can communicate with God on a spiritual level , of course, the premise is that they recognize the existence of a " Supreme Being ." These great mystic who believed that one day they would meet with God. God loves humanity , but also the object of human love of God , God who stretches reflect this dual love is the true religion of dynamic content .

Bergson stretches above the ground is the idea of God , a melting point of its theoretical philosophy of life among . Discussion after the completion of the existence of God , we have to continue to explore how God created all things , which is to explore the relationship between God and nothingness .

2.4 SEM扫描电镜

How did you prepare your samples for analysis?

2.5 Analytical techniques分析技术

Did you use the AAS? Which AAS (model, make, etc)? Did you calibrate the AAS (how)? Did you use duplicates or blind duplicates to test your accuracy?

2.3. Data analysis and modeling数据分析与建模

Did you use any techniques to test the statistical significance of your data? Did you apply a model?

3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION结果与讨论

Here you report all your results. The secret is to be clear and concise. As this is a manuscript for a journal, you can put all Tables and Figure at the very end!! If you scroll to the end, you will see some Tables and Figure in their correct place. Use ONE whole page for EACH Table and Figure.

3.1 Heavy metals in Sunny Corner discharge waters排放水域重金属

Stibiconite group minerals are also known as pegmatitic accessories (c.f. stibiobetafite and stibiomicrolite, above) and romeite commonly occurs in pegmatites as well (Mason and Vitaliano, 1953; Anthony et al., 1990-2003; Brugger et al., 1997). However, in oxidized ores, they must crystallise from aqueous solution at ambient temperatures. It is thus pleasing that in conjunction with the work of Diemar et al. (2009) and earlier studies of stibiconite itself (Dehlinger and Glocker, 1927; Natta and Baccaredda 1933; Dihlström and Westgren, 1937; Baetsle and Huys, 1968; Abe, 1979, and references therein), the synthetic work reported here concerning stetefeldtite and bismutostibiconite completes the accumulation of reliable syntheses from aqueous solution of all members of the stibiconite group.

3.2 Secondary minerals次生矿物

Following the 40 day equilibration with 0.195M HNO3 the tripuhyite remained insoluble (Table X.X). For the congruent dissolution of the mineral according to equation (X.1), the stability of tripuhyite at 298.15 K may be calculated with the relationship [Fe3+]TOT = [Sb5+]TOT.

3.3 Any other section you may want to include可能想到的一些细节

In the above chapters , our team Bergson religious dichotomy theory of static and dynamic religion religion were carried out in detail , both for their own situation , we can briefly be summarized as the following few words , that religion still valid range is limited, it is limited to a limited , specific social groups , static religion has closed , exclusive and resting ; while the dynamic religion built on the basis of the mystery of love , it 's effective range is all human beings , but by mysterious love sustained creativity generated can break through all obstacles, dynamic religion is open, inclusive and dynamic. From these words , we can directly see the difference between these two , and this difference is also in nature. The difference is transient, minor , it is important to explore the link between the two.

Bergson that if you want to figure out the nature of religion, to understand the context of the development of human history , we must transition from external to internal dynamics of static religion religion . The static nature of religion designed , aimed to dangerous defect of reason against humanity , this religion is against reason. Static religion appeared in a stage of human evolution of life , when the negative effects for the human intellect to make contributions to the human population threatens the safety of society, human society out of necessity instinct , producing a myth manufacturing capabilities , thereby creating a meet this particular stage of religion - static religion. However, progressive society , everything is in progress, the human form of religion is also growing with the evolution , the evolution of life and his ilk when the flow to a " watershed " will come into contact with humans the highest form of religion - a dynamic religion. Dynamic religion is above reason , of course, the human form of religion from a static to a dynamic religion is to go through a slow process , but this process is continuous and progressive , and is perfected , we can describe it as a stretch process. Evolved from a static to a dynamic religious development depends on the amount of accumulated not only religious , but also by changing the humanity. The changing role of humanity depends on the guidance of the great mystics largely . For the whole of humanity into Bergson pointed to the dynamic realm of religion is a very difficult task, because humans to overcome this huge obstacle material life. People with instincts like animals in need of basic material security to survive , food and clothing problem is solved only after humans will have the energy and ability to pursue higher level. Therefore, only when life evolved to a higher stage , people are highly developed material civilization , human beings in a few outstanding figures , led by their humanity into divinity and, thus, achieve the religion evolved from static to dynamic religion.

In Bergson seems static and dynamic religion religion are two forms of religion, religious static continuous evolution towards a dynamic religion , gradually static religion and its functions will melt in a dynamic religion , thus completing the two -in-one , and this also marks the dynamic unity of religious maturity, thus a perfect demonstration of the life impulse.

3.4 Relationships between minerals and waters矿物质和水之间的关系

CONCLUSIONS结论

What is the answer to the question (check you title/hypothesis)?

Tripuhyite has been shown to be the ultimate mineralogical “sink” for Sb in the oxidized, supergene environment at redox potentials higher than those that serve to stabilise schafarzikite. These findings build on the work of Diemar et al. (2009), who concluded that Sb was relatively immobile in the supergene zone. This conclusion is undoubtedly correct and the current study has identified other unsuspected phases that play a role in reducing the solubility of Sb.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS鸣谢

We thank…Charlie Murphy for driving the Hilux. Prof Williams and Prof Leverett for insightful information….Wayne for the AAS work…

REFERENCES 文献参考

Use this referencing style APA!

Abe, M. (1979) Synthetic inorganic ion-exchange materials. XX. Ion-exchange properties of crystalline antimonic(V) acid with alkaline earth metal ions. Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Japan, 52, 1386-1390.

Brugger, J., Gieré, R., Graeser, S. and Meisser, N. (1997) The crystal chemistry of romeite. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 127, 136-146.

Filella, M., Williams, P.A. and Belzile, N. (2009) Antimony in the environment: knowns and unknowns. Environmental Chemistry, 6, 95-105.

Filella, M. and Williams, P.A. (2010) Antimony biomethylation in culture media revisited in the light of solubility and chemical speciation considerations. Environmental Toxicology, 25, 431-439.

Foord, E.E., Hlava, P.F., Fitzpatrick, J.J., Erd, R.C. and Hinton, R.W. (1991) Maxwellite and squawcreekite, two new minerals from the Black Range tin district, Catron County, New Mexico, U.S.A. Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie, Monatshefte, 363-384.

Gayer, K.H. and Garrett, A.B. (1952) The equilibria of antimonous oxide (rhombic)in dilute solutions of hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide at 25oC. Journal of the Amercian Chemical Society, 74, 2353-2354.

Natta, G. and Baccaredda, M. (1933) Tetrossido di antimonio e antimoniati. Struttura cristallina dell' antimoniato di antimonile (tetrossido di antimonio), suo isomorfismo con i piroantimoniati di piombo e di calcio ed esame röntgenografico delle ocre di antimonio (Cervantite, Stibiconite) e degli antimoniati idrati di calcio (Idroromeite) e di piombo (Bindheimite). Zeitschrift für Kristallographie, 85, 271-296.

Nordstrom, D.K., Alpers, C.N., Ptacek, C.J. and Blowes, D.W. (2000) Negative pH and extremely acidic mine waters from Iron Mountain, California. Environmental Science and Technology, 34, 254-258.

Orlandi, P. and Dini, A. (2004) Die Mineralien der Buca della Vena-Mine, Apuaner Berge, Toskana (Italien). Lapis, 1, 11-24.

Orosel, D., Balog, P., Liu, H., Qian, J. and Jansen, M. (2005) Sb2O4 at high pressures

and high temperatures. Journal of Solid State Chemistry, 178, 2602-2607.

Williams, P.A. (1990) Oxide Zone Geochemistry. Ellis Horwood, Chichester.

本文出自留学生作业网，如需转载请注明出处：http://www.ukassignment.org/jndzydx/