历史Essay范文：Were Pierre Trudeau Policies Effective For Canada

本文是历史专业的留学生Essay范例，题目是“Were Pierre Trudeau Policies Effective For Canada（皮埃尔·特鲁多的政策对加拿大有效吗）”，皮埃尔·特鲁多是加拿大任期最长的总理之一，从1968年4月20日到1979年6月4日，从1080年3月3日到1984年6月30日。他的个人座右铭是“理性先于激情”。作为他那个时代最著名的政治家之一，特鲁多在加拿大留下了真正的印记。他以一种正义感带领加拿大走过了加拿大历史上的艰难时期，引起了人们的关注和争议。他的意图是好的，他的政策对加拿大来说是有效的，因为外交政策的改变，战争措施和官方语言法案的实施，以及宪法的归国。

Pierre Trudeau was one of the longest serving prime ministers in Canada, from 20 April 1968 to 4 June 1979, and from 3 March 1080 to 30 June 1984. His personal motto was “Reason before passion”. Trudeau has truly left a mark on Canada as one of the most well known politicians of his time. With a sense of Justice, he led Canada through difficult periods in Canadian history, and attracted attention and controversy. He had good intentions, and his policies were overall effective for Canada because of changes in foreign policy, the implementation of the war measures and official languages act, and patriation of the constitution.

One of Trudeau’s most effective policies was his foreign policy, where he dealt with the wide and changing world. There were many changes in the world from the 1960s to the 1980s, such as the United States becoming the top ranked economic power. China also became a great power, and in 1968, he proclaimed Canada’s willingness to recognize the people’s republic of China, and strengthened their relations. Trudeau realized the diversity of the globe, and wanted Canada to open its eyes to the opportunities and problems of the third world.

特鲁多最有效的政策之一是他的外交政策，在这一政策中，他应对着广阔而不断变化的世界。从20世纪60年代到80年代，世界发生了很多变化，比如美国成为世界第一经济强国。中国也成为一个大国，在1968年，他宣布加拿大愿意承认中华人民共和国，并加强了他们的关系。特鲁多意识到全球的多样性，并希望加拿大睁开眼睛，看到第三世界的机遇和问题。

He did not care about the cold war alliance status, and was horrified by the illogic and danger of nuclear weapons. Trudeau noted that most of the past foreign policies were based on the cold war, and a re-assessment was needed. In 1969, he withdrew half of the Canadian forces from NATO. In addition, defence spending was stopped, and more money was used for Canada’s development. Finally, in 1984, the Canadian military was denuclearized.

他不关心冷战联盟的地位，对核武器的不合逻辑和危险感到恐惧。特鲁多指出，过去的大多数外交政策都是以冷战为基础的，需要重新评估。1969年，他从北约撤回了一半的加拿大军队。此外，国防开支被停止，更多的钱被用于加拿大的发展。最后，在1984年，加拿大军队实现了无核化。

By calling for a foreign policy independent of the United States, a stronger Canadian identity emerged, and Canada was made less dependant on the United States. Trudeau attempted to improve commercial relations with Europe, and diversity trade. As a result, average tariff was decreased from 16 percent in 1968, to 4 to 5 percent in 1987. In 1983, when cold war tensions rose between the United States and the Soviet Union, Trudeau set out on his Global Peace initiative, to try to reduce the level of hostility between the two countries, and promote understanding. He also supported dialogue between the wealthy and poor nations. Overall, Canada’s trade with the world was diversified, military spending decreased, and Canada’s culture was protected from the pull of the American entertainment industry.

The Official Languages act was one of the post important bills passed in Canadian history. There was a lot of discontent between French Quebec and English Canada. Passed in 1969, this act allowed civil servants to speak in either French or English at work. Equality was given in all operations of Canadian federal institutions. This was necessary, so that the rights of Franco-phones were protected. Trudeau’s vision was to see Canada as a confederation where all cultures would have a place.

《官方语言法案》是加拿大历史上通过的重要法案之一。法属魁北克和英属加拿大之间有很多不满。该法案于1969年通过，允许公务员在工作中使用法语或英语。在加拿大联邦机构的所有业务中都给予平等待遇。这是必要的，这样才能保护法国电话的权利。特鲁多的愿景是将加拿大视为一个所有文化都有一席之地的联盟。

This decreased the unfriendliness felt by most French speaking Quebeckers toward Ottawa, because of the increased number of federal members of Parliament and Cabinet ministers from Quebec.

During the Trudeau years, there was much discussion on the patriation of the constitution, an amending formula, language rights, and social policy. After Pierre Trudeau regained power by the end of February 1980, after being defeated in the spring of 1979, a battle started between Federalists and separatists. Trudeau and his Quebec members and ministers promised constitutional reform if the federalist forces won. Trudeau wanted the patriation of the Constitution, a charter of rights and freedoms that would protect the two official languages in Canada, and a strong federal government that could equalize opportunity in regions of Canada, and redistribute income.

在特鲁多执政期间，人们对宪法的归属、修正公式、语言权利和社会政策进行了大量的讨论。1979年春，皮埃尔·特鲁多被击败，1980年2月底重新掌权后，联邦党人与分离主义分子之间开始了一场战争。特鲁多和他的魁北克成员和部长们承诺，如果联邦党获胜，就进行宪法改革。特鲁多想要《宪法》的回归，这是一个权利和自由的宪章，可以保护加拿大的两种官方语言，以及一个强大的联邦政府，可以使加拿大地区的机会均等，并重新分配收入。

Trudeau stated in the House of Commons on April 15, 1980, during the referendum campaign : “The feeling of being a Canadian, that individual feeling which we must cultivate, the feeling of being loyal to something which is bigger than the province of the city in which we happen to live, must be based on a protection of the basic rights of the citizen, of an access by that citizen to a fair share of the abundance of wealth in this country and to the richness and diversity of its laws. In that sense, the nation interest must prevail over the regional interest…”

Pierre Trudeau strongly supported nationalism, and opposed the decentralization of the federal government. Faced with provincial demands for more power, he replied that they were out of the question and would proceed to repatriating the constitution without consent of the provinces. If more provinces wanted power, Canada would become more like 12 separated countries instead of one unified country.

皮埃尔·特鲁多强烈支持民族主义，反对联邦政府的权力下放。面对各省要求更大权力的问题，他回答说，这是不可能的，将在各省不同意的情况下着手收回宪法。如果更多的省份想要权力，加拿大就会变成12个分裂的国家，而不是一个统一的国家。

Nine out of 10 provinces agreed on the patriation of the Constitution, the only holdout being Rene Levesque of Quebec. Canadians officially received the new constitution after the signing by Queen Elizabeth in April 1982. The Charter of Rights and Freedoms was a significant bill of rights, was the first part of the Constitutional Act. It made Canada a fully independent nation. People were given fundamental freedoms, such as religion, belief, opinion, and expression, as well as the freedom of the press and other media. Even though these rights and freedoms were set in the Canadian Bill of Rights in 1960, including them in a Charter of Rights in the Constitution would clarify and strengthen them.

Before the patriation, Canada was the only country in the world that did not control its own constitution. Even though Canada was a sovereign nation, we still had to ask London to make amendments to the constitution for us. Past prime ministers, such as king, Bennett, St-Laurent, and Diefenbaker failed, but Trudeau succeeded. This was extremely significant, because it set the foundations for Canada’s national identity.

在归国之前，加拿大是世界上唯一一个不能控制自己宪法的国家。即使加拿大是一个主权国家，我们仍然必须要求伦敦为我们修改宪法。金、贝内特、圣罗兰、迪芬贝克等历任总理都失败了，但特鲁多成功了。这是非常重要的，因为它为加拿大的国家认同奠定了基础。

Many Canadians disliked his policies, because they were considered biased toward Ontario and Quebec. For example, the National Energy Program was unpopular for western Canadians. The NEP program increased Canadian ownership in the oil industry, making Canada self-sufficient in oil. Ottawa kept the prices below world price. The NEP program increased Canadian ownership in the oil industry, making Canada self-sufficient in oil. Ottawa kept the prices below world price. The implementation of the war measures act was considered an attack on democracy. Many argue that during Trudeau’s term as prime minister, inflation and unemployment remained a big problem. Canada was left with a large debt, and increasing deficit. However, other western countries also had these trends.

After a walk in the snow in 1984, he decided to resign. Trudeau led a government guided by the desire to bring justice through equal opportunities. He worked for Canadian unity, and strengthened the sovereignty of the people. His policies were overall effectual for Canada, because of the changes to the foreign policy, various acts, and giving Canadians a constitution free of British guardianship.

1984年在雪地里散步后，他决定辞职。特鲁多领导的政府以通过平等机会带来正义的愿望为指引。他为加拿大的统一而工作，并加强了人民的主权。他的政策对加拿大来说总体上是有效的，因为他改变了外交政策，各种法案，并给予加拿大人一个不受英国监护的宪法。

留学生专业相关专业范文素材资料，尽在本网，可以随时查阅参考。本站也提供多国留学生课程作业写作指导服务，如有需要可咨询本平台。