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Swedish political situation（瑞典政治论文之瑞典政治概况由留学生论文指导网整理提供资源） Sweden is the kingdom constitutional monarchy, the roc regime organization form parliament, the form of state structure for the unitary system, and the exercise DuoDangZhi. Evolution 11 th century Swedish formed kingdom. The early establishment, the king are produced by the aristocracy. Along with the development of the feudal, gradually expand the kingship. 15 th century, against Denmark interference in the movement, formed the nobles, the padres, freeman and farmers into parliament. In 1523, congress against Denmark rule election national hero gustave I. For Sweden was lifelong king, from now on the throne of the hereditary system. Then, establish and develop the centralized system, for several degrees a constitutional monarchy. In 1809, congress passed the government article about ", the powers of the king to some limitations. 1810, 1812 and 1866 respectively through parliament and the succession to the throne ", "the freedom of the press law and law of the parliament. These laws are made of kingship of different level limit, and gradually established the kingdom of Sweden the monarchy. In 1974, congress passed the new government, about ", this regulations about and the succession to the throne "and 1949's" the freedom of the press law for Sweden the fundamental law of the kingdom, which established the present political system. The roc regime organization form of parliament. A "separation", by congress and the courts, and the cabinet respectively the legislative power, administrative power and exercise judicial power. Head of state for hereditary king. Historically, the king with great power. 1809 "government article about" regulation, the king is the only country ruler, and parliament common exercise legislative power, as well as prime minister and minister of the cabinet appointment power. 1919 years of the revised, weaken the king's power, make cabinet of congress is responsible for. The second world war, royalty further decline. In 1974, congress passed the government article about ", canceled the king intervention and to participate in the work of the government and legislative power, the king in fact become virtual leaders, only is the symbol of national unity, in the cabinet chaired below, on behalf of the country to perform etiquette sexual activity. The legislature parliament is the legislature. 15 a 19 centuries middle period, Sweden's parliament a four court system, represented by the aristocracy, the padres, freeman and farmers' four special interest group composed of respectively. 1867 years later, the parliament switching a bicameral legislature: a local government at all levels by indirectly elected, lower house directly elected by the voters. 1971 senate unicameral legislature profession. There are 349 seats in the parliament, through universal suffrage, once every 3 years in conjunction. Parliament key authority have: make laws; Decided to tax and the use of public funds; Supervise the government behavior and state administration. Council set up, parliament judicial commissioner, sab specialized agencies, financial and administrative supervision to exercise. Responsible for financial and public examination sab in the use of funds, the parliament judicial commissioner responsible for supervision administration officials corruption and inefficiency army behavior. Each year the cabinet must be to report to congress. Members of the cabinet can be put forward, as well as the minister impeach, but won't cause the government crisis. Congress set the presidium, standing committee and the secretariat, etc. Parliament has the constitution, the judicial, diplomacy, defense, social insurance, 16 standing committee. The constitution committee from the constitution and the law Angle, review the government regulations, decisions, supervision and government members perform their duties; Other commission shall be responsible for the relevant government department review of the parliament the bill, the draft amendment to parliament proposed legislation Suggestions. Administrative authority by the prime minister and the cabinet of several cabinet minister. The prime minister is usually majority or coalition leader, nominated by speaker, appointed by the approval of parliament, again by the prime minister appointed minister of ministries. No cabinet ministers and the cabinet minister of the points. The prime minister's key authority is form and lead the cabinet, determine and coordination of the department of work; Exercise broad administrative RenMingQuan, and the constitution of the other power to fu. Making important decisions both by the cabinet decision through discussion. "The government about" regulation, the cabinet and the policy must have the trust of the parliament. Entrusted by the council's cabinet in the management of national, and responsible for to parliament. The government has right of legislative proposal. Most of the draft law by the government appointed research committee of the draft, again by the parliament the government review. Government departments are smaller, mainly be responsible for the law, policy, the policy research and the draft work. The other administrative committee and a subsidiary bodies of the competent executive affairs. At the end of the 80 s, consists of more than 300 administrative committee. In addition, congress set the bank debt commission, Sweden, and is called the half of administrative agencies of some state-owned enterprise, also have administrative affairs management responsibility. The judicial authorities set parallel and independent of each other common court and the court two Supreme Court justices system, but both authority did not make clear division. High court and supreme administrative court judge appointed by the prime minister. Attorney general and chief prosecutor belonging to the cabinet. The government of the justice department supervisor judicial administration, but shall not interfere with the independent trial court. Sweden's administrative court set up earlier, with the "welfare state" system, the implementation of the government management social economic affairs widely, the role of the administrative court the more important. It and parliamentary supervision system and cooperate with each other, the government administrative supervision, this is Sweden judicial system one of the important characteristics. The local government's system Sweden is unitary state. In 1809 the government article about "and then have several through the local ZhengFuFa" all gives local must autonomy. In 1977 through the new "local ZhengFuFa" regulation, province and city for two levels of local autonomy government, in under the unified leadership of the central government, with the legislative affairs management place, administrative power, including the collection of local income tax, planning the development of the career development and place. The central government administrative committee in the provinces have agency. Provincial, municipal autonomy authority shall set the parliament, no leadership subordinate relationship between them, the department appointed governor. City do not set the mayor, provinces, the town council elections executive committee and its chairman, and put all sorts of special committee. Provinces, the city council are directly elected by the voters. The electoral system in Sweden after 1865 has property used to practice the limit of universal suffrage, only legal age and have certain of the property of the men have the right to vote. Since 1909, the grown man all taxes have the right to vote. In 1921, the right to vote expanded to women. In 1974, the new government, about "and" the parliament law "regulation, from 18 men and women are citizens the right to vote and the right to vote. Council elections a proportional representation. The national divided into 28 selection. Candidates by all the party nomination. According to the proportion of party votes back to 2 points seats. Seats points (310 a fixed seats sing adjust the seats (39) the seats is designed to ensure better embody the votes and parliamentary seats of the proportion of the relationship. On May 9, 1950, Sweden and China diplomatic relations. Swedish political situation the constitution 】瑞典政治论文之瑞典政治概况由留学生论文指导网整理提供资源 the constitution by government codex (enacted in 1809, amended in 1974), the succession to the throne (enacted in 1810, 1979 revision) and press freedom method (for 1949) three of the basic law. In addition to the parliament organic law (enacted in 1866, amended in 1974). Constitution of Sweden the monarchy. The king is the head of state and the armed forces chief, and as a national symbol only representative or sexual responsibility to etiquette, can't intervention parliament and government work. Parliament is legislature, by universal suffrage. The government is the country's supreme administrative institutions, responsible for to parliament. The king's long children is legal heir. The parliament 】 unicameral legislature, a total of 349 members, through the national election result directly, term of four years. Parliament organic law regulation, political party in the general election to win the national 4% of the votes or a constituency of 12% to enter parliament. The parliament in September 1998 elected, the SPD accounts for 131 seats, formerly moderate 82 seats, the left party 43 seats, the Christian Democrats 42 seats, ZhongYangDang 18 seats, people's party (PPP), 17 seats, environment 16 seats at the party. The speaker for social Democrats bill case of Doyle (Birgitta Dahl, female). The government is 】 this government is a social Democratic Party minority government, set 10 department, than the last government reduce four department, including the prime minister, with ministers 20, evenly divided between men and women. The prime minister, Goran Persson, who (Goran Persson). Main ministers have: deputy prime minister Lana · Yale's-valencia (Lena Hjelm-Wallen, female), the justice secretary Leila frye, was on this (Laila Freivalds, female), foreign secretary Anna linde (Anna Lindh, female), foreign aid and the minister of Iraq-el · g ling anwar (Maj-Inger Klingvall, female), foreign trade minister Ralph · PaGeLuoCiJi (Leif Pagrotsky), the minister of defense Vance Von Syria (Bjorn Von Sydow), finance minister bo psaltery · ling HuoErM (Bosse Lingholm), industrial, employment and communications minister Vance rosen · green (Bjorn Rosengren), education minister Thomas, eritrea, Ross (Thomas ostros), agriculture and equality affairs secretary Margaret temperature berry (Margareta Winberg, female), environment minister cher pull pine (Kjell Larsson), culture secretary Mary tower · the le uz guge (Marita Ulvskog, female), the social secretary rush grace quist (Lars Engqvist). [the judiciary] court points level 3: the Supreme Court, and the intermediate (appeal) court, 96 trial courts and 24 provincial administrative court. The royal Supreme Court judges, a lifelong by 22, the director soil geir · which Gregorian case (Torkel Gregow), taking office in 1998. The national procuratorates, 24 set provincial procuratorate and 86 district-level procuratorate. State attorney general klaas-jan bell roots, frost lang's (Klas Bergenstrand), taking office in 1994. The party 】 the main political parties are: (1) the Swedish social democratic labor party (Sveriges Socialdemokratiska Arbetarpartiet) : "the SPD. Was founded in 1889. Chairman, goran persson, who. (2) formerly moderate (Moderata Samlingspartiet) : also called the conservative, was founded in 1904. President cloth · lund green (Bo Lundgren). (3) people's party (PPP) (Folkpartiet Liberalerna) : also called the liberal party, was founded in 1934. President LeiYong rush in "(Lars Leijonborg). (4) ZhongYangDang (Centerpartiet) : founded in 1913, formerly known as farmers association, 1958; tel instead. The chairman's list da column uz (Lenart Daleus). (5) the Christian Democrats (Kristdemokratiska Partiet) : founded in 1964, formerly known as the Christian social Democrats, changed in 1996 to now known. Chairman Clive sven's loose (Alf Svensson). (6) the left party (Vansterpartiet) : China was founded in 1917. Formerly known as the left party-communist, changed in 1990 to now known. President GuDeLong seaman (Gudrun Schyman). (7) environment party (Miljopartiet DE Grona) : in September 1981 was set up. Leaders bill case · ShiLao case (Birger Schlaug) and Mary Anne Samuel o.bruh was loose (Marianne Samuelsson). Foreign relations pursued "peace period, in order to the neighborhood military nonaligned when war keep neutral" foreign policy. In the nearby areas, European and world affairs three levels actively participate in international cooperation. Think cooperation which security, the neighborhood is own safety foundation, the European Union in the European security issues a more and more important role in, admitted that NATO security affairs in Europe, the dominant position, pay attention to the relationship between the United States, Russia, depending on the work of the United Nations for diplomacy in one of the foundation. In June 1994, to join NATO "peace partnership". On January 1, 1995 officially became the European Union member states. In December 1996, signed the schengen agreement, the 1998 parliamentary approval, but because the need in the Nordic internal coordination, have yet to begin issuing schengen visa. For interior reason, not the first to join the euro. 1997 first allowed NATO plotting in "peaceful partnership" military exercise, and join "Europe-the Atlantic partnerships council". In April, 1998, congress approved the European Union "Amsterdam treaty. 1997-98 annual served as the United Nations security council non-permanent members.瑞典政治论文之瑞典政治概况由留学生论文指导网整理提供资源#p#分页标题#e# |
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