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Long-term bond investments "Size Standards " Accounting Differences
公债券注资“巨细原则”核计差别
( A ) Initial measurement of different accounting standards , the enterprise purchased government bonds, financial bonds , corporate bonds are classified as held-to- maturity investments , adjustment shall be related transaction costs and the fair value when acquired and as The initial amount is recognized . Small business accounting standards , small businesses purchase bonds as long-term bond investments , the purchase price shall be in accordance with the costs and related taxes as measured .
初始计量相反 企业出纳原则中，企业购入的内债、金融公债券、企业公债券等被区分为持有至期满注资的，需按发作的有关买卖用度以及获患上时的偏偏颇价格之以及作为初始金额确认。小企业出纳原则中，小企业购入公债券作为临时公债券注资，该当依照购卖价款以及有关税费作为利润进行计量。
[ Example 1 ] A company uses corporate accounting standards , 1 January 2012 to 11 million yuan of the purchase price of Q Company , par value 10 million yuan of bonds. Including the interest due but not yet received 150,000 yuan , and the other fees 80,000 yuan . The bonds issued on January 1 that year , a coupon rate of 6%. Period of three years expiring on a debt , the annual accrued interest on bonds . ( Unit: million , the same below )
By: held-to- maturity investments - Q Corporate Bonds ( cost ) 1000
- Q corporate bonds ( interest adjustment ) 93
- Q Corporate Bonds ( accrued interest ) 15
Credit: Bank deposits 1108
[ Example 2 ] B Company adopted Accounting Standards for Small Business Accounting 2012 January 1 daily bank deposits from securities purchased on December 31, 2011 issue of 5- year bonds with face value of 100,000 yuan , the coupon rate 7% annually on April 5 last year in interest payments , repayment of the principal and the maturity date last interest . B Company's actual payment of the price of 100,000 yuan, the assumption does not consider the payment of the relevant fee .
By: Long-term bond investments - $ 10 each
Credit: bank deposits 10
( Two ) different from the first follow-up measurement , different from the amounts recognized in interest income . Corporate accounting standards , should be held to maturity investments using the effective interest method at amortized cost . It should be noted that, if the effective interest rate method, interest income on financial assets or financial liabilities at each period of interest expense each period , and the nominal interest rate less the result of the calculation , the nominal interest rate can be directly used method of accounting .
Small business accounting standards , small businesses to invest in long-term bonds held during the subsequent measurement of the contents of the main interest receivables are measured and assessed long-term bond investment premium or discount . The amount of interest income based on nominal value and the coupon rate is calculated , are recognized as investment income.
[ Example 3 ] January 1, 2012 M Company issued a number of four -year bonds at par value of 1,000 yuan, the coupon rate 9%; F Company on the same date at the price of 1050 yuan bought 150 , the bond maturity debt service ( annual interest ) , using the effective interest method to calculate the period interest income.
First, calculate the effective interest rate
(1000 × 150 +1000 × 150 × 9% × 4) × (P / F, i, 4) = 1050 × 150
Using the interpolation method was i = 6.7%
Then, the preparation of accounting entries
( 1 ) January 1, 2012 when acquired
By: held-to- maturity investments - par 150000
- Interest Adjustment 7500
Credit: bank deposits 157,500
( 2 ) December 31, 2012 interest
By: held-to- maturity investments - accrued interest (1000 × 150 × 9%)
13500
Credit: Investment income (157500 × 6.7%) 10552.5
Held-to -maturity investments - interest adjustment 2947.5
( 3 ) December 31, 2013 interest
By: held-to- maturity investments - accrued interest (1000 × 150 × 9%)
13500
Credit: Investment income (168052.5 × 6.7%) 11259.52
Held-to -maturity investments - interest adjustment 2240.48
( Note 1:168052.5 = 157500 +13500-2947.5 )
( 4 ) December 31, 2014 interest
By: held-to- maturity investments - accrued interest (1000 × 150 × 9%)
13500
Credit: Investment income (179312.02 × 6.7%) 12013.91
Held-to -maturity investments - interest adjustment 1486.09
( Note 2:179312.02 = 157500 +13500-2947.5 +13500-2240.48 )
( 5 ) December 31, 2015 interest
By: held-to- maturity investments - accrued interest (1000 × 150 × 9%)
13500
Credit: Investment income 12,674.07
Held-to -maturity investments - interest adjustment 825.93
( Note 3:825.93 = 7500-2947.5-2240.48 = 1486.09 )
( 6 ) January 1, 2016 due in
By: bank deposits 204,000
Credit: held-to- maturity investments - par 150000
- Accrued interest 54,000
[ Example 4 ] B is a small business enterprise 2013 January 1 daily bank deposit 2.05 million yuan of corporate bonds acquired C ( earlier issued five-year period ) , par value 2,000,000 yuan , the coupon rate of 6% , and the other payment transactions costs 10,000 yuan , the bonds pay interest once a month , and finally a repayment of principal . ( 1 ) January 1, 2013 :
By: Long-term bond investments - par ( B Enterprises ) 200
- Premium or discount 6
Credit: bank deposits 206
( 2 ) end of each month holding period :
By: Interest receivable 1
Credit: Investment income 1
By: Investment income 0.1
Credit: Long-term equity investment - premium or discount 0.1
( 3 ) when the actual receipt of interest :
By: bank deposits 1
Credit: Interest receivable 1
Second, the impairment loss is treated differently. Enterprise Accounting Standards , if the bonds holding period is impaired , impairment should be recorded in "Impairment of assets " account debit and " impairment of held-to- maturity investments " account is credited . If the subsequent period of impairment allowance has recovered to the possibility that the recovery should be provision for impairment amounts , according to the amount of the reverse recovery accounting treatment . Small business accounting standards , the loss of long-term bond investments should be included in the actual "operating expenses " account debit , not considered to be impaired .
( Three ) the disposal of long-term bond investments in companies of different accounting standards , if the holding period had impairment , disposal should be transferred out of the original provision for impairment . In small business accounting standards , disposal of long-term debt Long-term bond investments and long-term bonds sold before maturity due in both cases , accounting for impairment problem does not exist .
Third, the long-term equity investment "Size Standards " Accounting Differences
( A ) Accounting Accounting standards require different methods of long-term equity investments accounted for using the equity method and cost method there are two accounting method chosen depends on the invested enterprise and corporate relations . Invested enterprises and corporate relations can be divided into the control, joint control or significant influence , and no significant impact , no control of four. If the invested enterprise and between enterprises is control or significant influence , no control relationship shall be accounted for using the cost method ; if two enterprises is significant influence or joint control relationship shall be accounted for using the equity method .
Small business accounting standards and corporate accounting standards are different, regardless of the size of its stake , no need to consider the invested enterprises and between enterprises , only to be accounted for using a method , namely the cost .
( Two ) Initial measurement of different accounting standards under the provisions of the initial measurement of long-term equity investments in two cases : ① business combination under common control ; ② non- business combination under common control . If you belong to the same control , it should be made in accordance with the merger of the book value of equity as a long-term equity investment initial investment cost ; if they are the same control , the purchaser shall be determined in accordance with the cost of a business combination as long-term equity investment cost of the initial investment . Otherwise acquire long-term equity investment shall be determined according to the specific circumstances of the cost .
( A ) business combinations under common control :
[ Example 5] A, B two companies belong to a company subsidiary. A company on May 1, 2012 in order to obtain monetary funds 28 million yuan of the B 's 65 % stake. Company B 1 May 2012 the owner of the total equity of 50 million yuan .
A company's accounting treatment is as follows :
The initial investment cost = 5000 × 65% = 3250 ( million)
By: Long-term equity investments 3250
Credit: Bank deposits 2800
Capital reserve - Share premium 450
( 2 ) Non- business combination under common control :
[ Example 6] C Company and Company D are two completely separate companies . Company C on June 1, 2012 the D investment company , with its investment in fixed assets to obtain 60% of the shares of Company D . The fixed assets of 30 million yuan , has depreciated 7000000 yuan , 1000000 yuan provision for impairment of investment at the fair value of the fixed assets of 26 million yuan . Company D 1 June 2012 the owner of the equity of 40 million yuan .#p#分页标题#e#
C Company's accounting treatment is as follows :
The initial investment cost for the fair value of fixed assets 26 million yuan .
By: Long-term equity investment - D Company 2600
Credit: Disposal of fixed assets 2200
Non-operating income 400
For the initial measurement of long-term equity investment accounting , small business accounting standards and tax rules are basically the same , but there are differences with GAAP . No need to distinguish common control or common control of the way of the merger ; investments made through the payment of cash and non- monetary asset exchange in two ways , for the appraised value of the assets surrendered its book value , the difference is recognized in profit or loss .
[ Example 7 ] March 1, 2011 , E small businesses acquire a share in the company 's common stock 100,000 shares at price 8.5 yuan ( including declared but not yet paid cash dividends 0.5 yuan ) , by bank deposit. Share of the issued and outstanding shares of the company's actual number of shares of 5% , and prepare long-term holding , other fees 20,000 yuan .
Dividends receivable = 100000 × 0.5 = 5 ( million)
Investment cost = 100000 × (8.5-0.5) +2 = 82 ( million)
By: Long-term equity investment - E Company 82
Dividends receivable 5
Credit: bank deposits 87
( Three ) subsequent measurement of different small business accounting standards , using the cost method for subsequent measurement of long-term equity investments accounted for ( the investee declares cash dividends or profit share of the amount shall be recognized as investment income ) .
[ Example 8 ] May 20, 2013 , A Company Limited of a long-term investment , buying 100,000 shares of its stock , the purchase price per share is $ 8 ( containing 0.2 million have been declared but not yet paid cash dividends ) , another related taxes paid 5,000 yuan denominated bank deposit. June 25, 2013 , the Corporation of Company A to receive cash dividends of $ 20,000.
May 20 accounted for as follows :
The initial investment cost = 80 +0.5-2 = 78.5 ( million)
By: Long-term equity investments 78.5
Dividends receivable 2
Credit: bank deposits 80.5
June 20 received dividends :
By: bank deposit 2
Credit: Dividends receivable 2
Accounting Standards , the long-term equity investment cost method and the subsequent measurement of the equity method of two kinds . Costing and Accounting for small businesses on the same case . If you are using the equity method , according to the investee 's net profit and net profit or loss and other changes in owners' equity recognizes its share of "long-term equity investment - period adjustments " subjects and "long-term equity investments - Other changes in equity " subjects. Investee declares cash dividends or profits , the need to offset against the "long-term equity investment - period adjustments " account , do not recognize investment income . Small business accounting standards do not need to make such a deal . [ Example 9] X Company Y Company holds a long-term equity investments , the shareholding ratio of 40% , the initial cost of 800 million yuan. Company Y equity in 2012 increased by 400 million, of which the fair value of available for sale financial assets 1,000,000 yuan appreciation . Company X under the equity method for business processes.
By: Long-term equity investments - investments for Y ( income adjustment ) 120
- Investment for Company Y ( other changes in equity ) 40
Credit: Investment income 120
Capital surplus - Other capital reserve 40
( Five ) Impairment Accounting Standards deal with different requirements for long-term equity investments for impairment processing to distinguish between the following two conditions: ( 1 ) under the equity method of accounting, the balance sheet date if there is impaired possibility of long-term equity investment shall be the carrying value is reduced to its recoverable amount, the reduced amount is recognized as an impairment loss in profit or loss , a provision for impairment of assets . ( 2 ) the cost method of accounting, the balance sheet date should be the book value of similar financial assets in accordance with the prevailing market rate of return determined by discounting the difference between the present value is recognized as an impairment loss in profit or loss. Enterprises should set the "long-term equity investment impairment " subjects , according to the amount of write-downs were recorded in "Impairment of assets - Provision for impairment of long-term equity investments " account debits and "long-term equity investment impairment " subjects lender . An impairment loss is recognized, it can not be reversed in subsequent accounting periods . Small business accounting standards do not involve decrease.
( Four ) different disposal of long-term equity investments under the provisions of Accounting Standards , if before provision for impairment of long-term equity investments in disposal need to switch to a " long-term equity investment impairment " subjects ; if it is carried by the equity method accounting, also need to be holding period through the " capital surplus " account of other changes in equity into the " investment income" account . Small business accounting standards do not involve these two types of accounting.
[ Example 10 ] A Company B Company holds a 40% stake , where the initial investment cost of 1.5 million yuan , profit and loss adjustment 1 million yuan , 350,000 yuan and other changes in equity , the holding period is not impaired. A year later, a company at 480 million purchase price to all of the shares transferred to Company C , price includes B Company has not declared cash dividends 400,000 yuan .
By: bank deposits 480
Credit: Dividends receivable - B Company 40
Long-term equity investment - B Company ( costs ) 150
- Company B ( loss adjustment ) 100
- Company B ( other changes in equity ) 35
Period adjustments 155
By: Capital reserve - Other capital reserve 35
Credit: Investment income 35
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