|
1. 总述当前研究
先提供一个总述的目的是提供过渡，由熟悉的信息切入，让读者更容易接受。总述的方法很多，最常用的是指出本研究的研究目的，大概1到2句话，这个部分的时态非常tricky，可以用到一般过去时，也可以用到一般现在时。比如：
The aim of present study was/ is …
The present study presents/ presented …
都是可以接受的。特别是如果你做的是系列研究，当前研究只实现了部分研究目的时，用一般现在时是更加合适的。
来几个模版吧。
This paper +
argues that …
gives an account of …
discusses the case of …
analyses the impact of …
attempts to show that …
contests the claim that …
provides an overview of …
reviews the evidence for …
reports on a study which …
traces the development of …
explores the ways in which …
assesses the significance of …
highlights the importance of …
considers the implications of …
critically examines the view that …
proposes a new methodology for …
examines the relationship between …
compares the different ways in which …
investigates the factors that determine …
describes the design and implementation of …
2. 概述当前研究
这一部分的目的是推销当前研究，讲一下当前研究的创新点，还可以总述研究框架、圈定研究范围。说明一下，除了一定要强调创新点之外，后面两个不是必须的。
第一步你需要强调一下当前研究的创新点，可能是新的方法，或者是新的研究对象/材料。比如原来的研究只做了白种人，当前研究做黄种人。因为不了解你的专业，不敢瞎举例子。一个建议是在这个阶段仍然尽量general一点。如果是跨学科研究的话，即使你的方法或者对象材料不是非常新的，仍然建议根据目标杂志单独准备一段，详细说明一下读者可能不熟悉的内容（方法/对象/材料等等）。给几个模版：
A combination of quantitative and qualitative approaches was used in the data analysis.
A holistic approach is utilised, integrating X, Y and Z material to establish …
Both qualitative and quantitative methods were used in this investigation.
By employing qualitative modes of enquiry, I attempt to illuminate the …
Data for this study were collected using …
Five works will be examined, all of which …
Qualitative and quantitative research designs were adopted to provide …
The approach to empirical research adopted for this study was one of …
The methodological approach taken in this study is a mixed methodology based on …
The research data in this thesis is drawn from four main sources: …
The study was conducted in the form of a survey, with data being gathered via …
This dissertation follows a case-study design, with in-depth analysis of …
This study uses a qualitative case study approach to investigate …
This study was exploratory and interpretative in nature.
This investigation takes the form of a case-study of the …
你也可以圈定研究范围，甚至可以简单提一下研究缺陷。不要以为在这个地方不可以提缺陷，引言的目的当然是推销你自己的研究，但是我们也应该尽量不要给读者不切实际的幻想，毕竟我们是科学家又不是骗子，你可以谨慎的圈定研究范围，模版：
A discussion of Y is / falls outside the scope of this paper.
A full discussion of X lies beyond the scope of this study.
A new methodology isdescribed / outlined in the fourth section…
Another potential problem is that the scope of my thesis may be too broad.
Due to practical constraints, this paper cannot provide a comprehensive review of…
For reasons of space, Y is notaddressed / dealt with / considered in this paper.
In the third section a case study ispresented / analyzed …
It is beyond the scope of this study to examine the …
Problems / Questions / Issues regarding X are discussed in later sections.
Some / Our conclusions are drawn in the final section.
The first section / Section 1 gives a brief overview of…
The next chapterlooks at / examines / investigates the question of…
The reader should bear in mind that the study is based on …
The second sectionexamines / analyses …
The thesis does not engage with …
This paper isorganized as follows / divided into five sections.
This study is unable to encompass the entire …
Thispaper / chapter / section / subsection begins by examining…
We / I propose a new procedure in Section 4.
总述研究框架，模版：
Chapter 6 analyses the results of interviews and focus group discussions undertaken during …
Chapter Two begins by laying out the theoretical dimensions of the research, and looks at how …
My thesis is composed of four themed chapters.
The essay has been organised in the following way.
The first section of this paper will examine…
The fourth section presents the findings of the research, focusing on the three key themes that …
The main issues addressed in this paper are: a), b and c).
The overall structure of the study takes the form of six chapters, including …
The remaining part of the paper proceeds as follows: …
The third chapter is concerned with the methodology used for this study.
This paper begins by … It will then go on to …
This paper first gives a brief overview of the recent history of X.
This paper has been divided into four parts. The first part deals with …
3. 提出研究假说，阐述本研究的意义
研究假说就不提了，这个你应该能够搞定。研究意义的话，在讨论部分会重点提到，这里说个1到2句就可以了。模版：
The findings should make an important contribution to the field of ….
The present research explores, for the first time, the effects of …
The present study fills a gap in the literature by …
The study offers some important insights into …
There are several important areas where this study makes an original contribution to …
Therefore, this study makes a major contribution to research on X by demonstrating …
This is the first study to undertake a longitudinal analysis of …
This project provided an important opportunity to advance the understanding of …
This research sheds new light on …
This study aims to contribute to this growing area of research by exploring …
This study provides an exciting opportunity to advance our knowledge of …
This study provides new insights into …
Understanding the link between X and Y will help …
下面讲一下前言的几种变式。
第一个变式是“哪一个是正确的？”
这种情况常用于在某一个领域有两个存在争议的理论或方法，目前还没有形成共识，而你的研究旨在（部分）解决这个问题。这种情况下前言第二段的写法要发生变化，最好按照理论或方法的分类拆分成两个段落，分别进行文献综述。不过在进行文献综述时，需要将重点更多地放在横向比较上，主要关注那些将目标理论和方法进行阐释、应用或者批评的文献。
还有一点要注意的是你的倾向性。如果你没有倾向性的话，就注意应该引用那些能够支撑目标理论或者方法最好文献（高分文献或著名研究），而不是那些边边角角的文献。当然如果你有倾向性的话，除了调整正面评价和负面评价的篇幅之外，还可以在引用的文献上做点手脚，比如对赞成的理论/方法引用高质量的文献，对不赞成的引用低质量的文献。
第二种变式是“机制是什么？”
这种情况前面的模版基本能够覆盖到，要注意的是，在文献综述的环节你不仅要尽量覆盖到候选理论，更要尽量的让它们显得有说服力，即要尽量多引用一些应用或者拓展了这些理论的文献。#p#分页标题#e#
第三种变式是“一样吗？不一样吗？”
这种情况是用于描述两个看上去一样的理论或方法其实是不一样的，或者反之。变化在于在文献综述部分，要清楚明白的解释为什么学术界认为两种理论和方法是一样或者不一样的，并且要解释清楚为什么你持有相反的看法。这样的课题是比较有挑战性，你需要仔细的构筑文献网络来支撑你的看法，特别是要用好那些与当前理论矛盾的文章。在第三段，你也要讲明白你的实验设计为什么能够证明两者是一样或者不一样。
|
 |
|||
| 网站地图 |
