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Tourism is a service-oriented supply chain, supply chain, resulting in their particularity supply chain complex relationship between enterprises. For how to coordinate the relationship between enterprises, many scholars have studied from multiple perspectives. Relationship between travel suppliers abroad study started earlier, mainly through empirical analysis, the establishment of the supply chain model of sustainable development, reward systems, and suppliers with suppliers to maintain a stable and cooperative relations between factors and methods are discussed. Domestic supply chain for the tourism business relationship studies, early mainly for tourism enterprises and co-organized alliance between [1] and the supply chain core business discussions [2-3]. For travel supplier management research is greater, mainly to build the appropriate model to investigate the problem: Xiaoming and other travel services for various enterprises in the supply chain convergence and coordination problems between applications game model, classical newsboy model was specific studies [4]; Wulin Ping through the establishment based on the "time - the price (cost)" option to build a travel contract model of cooperation mechanisms with suppliers, enabling travel agencies and coordination of interests between suppliers [5]; Wu Chun Shang, etc. with the principal-agent model in the analysis of corporate travel services supply chain collaboration problem, based on the proposed tourism service supply chain for effective collaboration conditions [6].
旅游供应链是一条服务型供应链，自身的特殊性造成了供应链上各企业之间关系复杂。对于如何协调各企业之间的关系，很多学者已经从多角度进行了研究。国外对旅游供应商关系的研究起步较早，主要通过实证分析的方法，对建立供应链可持续发展模型、供应商奖惩体系以及与供应商维持稳定合作关系的因素与方法等进行探讨。国内对于旅游供应链上企业关系的研究，早期主要是对旅游企业组织和合作联盟的探讨［１］及对供应链上核心企业的讨论［２－３］。
Analysis of existing research, tourism enterprises Relations focuses on tourism enterprises horizontal and vertical integration. As domestic and international tourism development model differences, foreign tourism enterprises based on empirical analysis for the study, with emphasis on how to evaluate and select suppliers, and how to maintain long-term stable cooperative supplier relationships. Domestic tourism supply chain management is mainly based on theoretical research, mainly focused on tourism supply chain core business discussion, supply chain integrity, relationships with suppliers and other research. With further research, using a variety of methods to solve the interface between tourism enterprises and coordination between travel agents and suppliers also will expand the research questions. With previous studies, this paper will be based on the travel agency's product development, supply chain, explore the relationship between the tourism enterprises, tourism product development division to support the management of supplier hierarchy proposed travel supplier management strategy.
分析现有研究成果，旅游企业关系研究的重点在于旅游企业的横向和纵向联合。由于国内外旅游业发展模式的差异，国外以旅游企业实证分析为研究基础，重点在如何评价和选择供应商，以及如何维持与供应商长期稳定的合作关系方面。国内旅游供应链管理主要以理论研究为主，研究主要集中在旅游供应链上核心企业的探讨、供应链诚信问题、与供应商关系等研究上。随着研究的深入，运用各种方法解决旅游企业之间的衔接与协调问题、旅行社与供应商合作问题的研究也随之展开。
First, the tourism product features and travel agencies in the core of the analysis of the supply chain
一、旅游产品特点及旅行社在供应链上核心地位分析
And the general sense of the different product distribution process, the flow of tourism products in the mobile space tourists realized among tourists tourism consumption process is the production of tourism enterprises tourism product of the process. From the supply and demand, both in terms of tourism products to travelers room to move as the core, to serve as the main content, is intangible, can not be stored, consumption and production synchronization, heterogeneity and coexistence similar characteristics, is a kind of tourism facilities-based, vendor's product as "raw material", designed by the travel agency, group, or marketing, and other development activities after the sale of goods to tourists [7]. Travel suppliers are producing tourism products for travel agents to provide the necessary factors of production enterprises in the tourism supply chain is located upstream of travel, including hotels, transport sector, attractions, entertainment, shopping and other tourists in the tourism process to meet all the needs of the enterprise. From the definition of tourism products can be seen, many travel agents is to contact suppliers ties, play organizers, the role of the producer, it is subject to hotel, transportation sector, attractions, entertainment and other various suppliers delegate to the price specified in the contract sell tourism products to tourists. Travel agencies in tourism activities, in addition to product design is mainly responsible tourism, tourism combination with the sale of the products work, but also bear the tourist information gathering and feedback to food, housing, transportation, travel, shopping, entertainment and other travel suppliers tasks. At this stage, although the development of China's tourism supply chain is not perfect, the supply chain in the core business of the establishment, there are many controversial, but developed in accordance with the development of tourism supply chain direction, travel agencies as a core business has great potential. In the complete supply chain, travel, travel agents, tourism activities, both in direct contact with and tourists, but also according to tourist demand for food, shelter, transportation, travel, shopping, entertainment and other business products integration. In this process, a single travel agency with other travel companies can not match advantage, which bears the supply and demand sides exchange information collection, service and other aspects of scheduling, travel arrangements, coordinating all aspects of the relationship as well as movements of capital settlement. Tourists and travel agencies as a link between other tourism enterprises in the tourism supply chain organization with links to the characteristics of, and bear most of the tasks of the core business [8]. From the tourism supply chain development status quo, especially for large travel agencies travel agency in practical work indeed played a major role in the core business.http://www.ukassignment.org/scyxgl/
Two, facing the tourism product development characteristics of supplier management
(A) for the management of product development, the significance of a supplier. Ensure quality of tourism products traditional tourism product is essentially to provide a service to tourists, including travel by tourism enterprises, including all combinations of products offered. Although the final product by the travel agency assembled according to customer requirements, but the travel agency for tourism products far beyond the control of the quality of the various elements within the limits of its own products in a part of any errors will affect the whole tourism products. For tourism product quality can be guaranteed, party hard not travel alone. Travel as an organizer, to assume the coordination of supplier relations tasks, working closely with suppliers to jointly develop tourism products. To travel tourism product development as the core of the cooperation of suppliers, travel agencies and their suppliers can enhance the core competitiveness of the tourism market on the individual needs of tourists rapid response, and improve overall service quality of tourism products. 2. Reduce the cost of travel and tourism products transportation, finance, hotels, attractions and other related suppliers to implement cooperation and common development of tourism products that can achieve mutual benefit of both sides. Travel agencies and travel suppliers through joint development of products, the formation of joint venture network, providing complementary products not only help to meet customer needs, this stable cooperative relations can also reduce the travel agency looking for partners to assess partners and maintain partnerships relations expenses for travel agencies and suppliers in terms of the corresponding mean operating stability, while also reducing the marginal cost of the product.
(Two) for the development of tourism products supplier management features relative to the tourism product development in terms of travel supplier management, supplier management in previous studies, the travel agency as the main producers of tourism products in the driving position and the provision of tourism products Other elements, such as food, housing, transportation, travel, shopping and entertainment provider, relatively speaking in a passive position. Travel agencies for procurement of various elements of tourism, to consider the most is the price factor, sometimes to the quality, sincere cooperation, etc., as supplier selection and evaluation criteria, but overall did not manage from a strategic point of travel suppliers. Cooperation with suppliers from the current situation, the current travel agencies and suppliers is still a looser trading relationship, in the interests of, often in opposite sides. When large changes in market demand, such as when the tourist season and the tourist season, the two sides traded more attention in every process of how to make their access to maximize the benefits, blindly bargaining, which would ultimately increase transaction costs, largely affect the quality of tourism products. With previous cooperation and managing different suppliers in product development for tourism travel supplier management practices, there is the following characteristics: travel tourism product development is no longer a unilateral act, suppliers of tourism products is no longer a constituent Elements simple provider; suppliers to intervene product development process, jointly developed by the two sides established a team in a position of equality [9]; agencies shall assume coordination of supplier relations tasks, focusing on suppliers development; among vendors should develop common development strategy, so that benefit-sharing, risk sharing, to prevent the pursuit of their own economic interests in the allocation of unnecessary conflicts; applying advanced technology to establish information sharing platform, establish smooth communication and feedback channels, on this basis, and ultimately establish a cooperation mechanism between suppliers, incentives and benefit distribution mechanisms.#p#分页标题#e#
(Three) constitutes a complete analytic hierarchy tour organized sale of tourism products to tourists, it is with the various elements of tourism products supplier relationship between the core is actually an economic contract relations, supplier itself part of a business to pursue their economic goals , so there is bound to conflict of interest on the partition. In order to prevent suppliers blindly pursue their own interests and the entire supply chain and harm the interests of other companies, travel agencies should play a central role in enterprises, coordination of supplier relationships and establish common development goals. Travel and tourism enterprises through joint cooperation to improve the quality of tourism products, tourism products form part of the formation and extension of the differences, in order to meet different types of individual needs of tourists, and ultimately win the market competitive advantage. From the perspective of analytic hierarchy process, you can travel for tourism product development, supplier management is divided into four interrelated levels: the base layer, operation layer, the mechanism layer and target layer (Figure 1). Seen from Figure 1, four levels are closely connected, tourism product development is no longer a travel agency unilaterally job. In order to achieve the design to meet the needs of tourists travel products and forming products and companies a competitive advantage in the industry's strategic objectives, use of information technology, network technology is the foundation. Operational level emphasizes the advantages of various travel suppliers, identify the greatest potential for travel suppliers, travel agencies and play a central corporate synergy between suppliers, the formation of cooperative team, to improve the overall efficiency of tourism supply chain. Mechanism layer is mainly emphasize incentives, the establishment of coordination mechanisms, travel agencies and suppliers to form a good relationship of cooperation, coordination and incentive mechanisms to improve the product development process of the suppliers to participate in the initiative, to ensure the smooth progress of cooperation.
Third, the travel agency for tourism product development strategy of supplier management
(A) build collaborative network information technology and network technology development intensified competition in the tourism market, many tourist sites emerged, expanding the size of the tourism market supply and demand, but also for the tourism market supply and demand provides a variety of options. But at the moment, most of the tourist sites but also a platform for information dissemination and promotion of a new medium, and some can be achieved with a simple interaction between users, the demand for more visitors information can not be understood, such as telephone service, or through some human services and other traditional manner. Although tourists can travel site selection through professional tourism product, design your own favorite tourist routes, but in addition to freedom of choice, the other aspects of the information for the product less understanding, more cases, tourists still want to get rich from the professionals information and advice to complete the trip. Travel tourism product sales as a whole, whether for tourists or vendor has its own advantages. On the one hand, travel agents are their suppliers (such as airlines, travel companies, attractions, etc.) and a bridge between travelers. Visitors screened through a travel agent can save eleven troubles, by travel agents to help them design products, in addition to price, they can also offer more personalized service. Travel agencies will visitors preferences aggregation and assembly of products, to provide more specialized tourist products and services. On the other hand, travel agents directly to tourists, visitors get more traffic, hotels, catering and other services to the real needs of the information, the information is timely feedback to providers, enable suppliers to keep abreast of market needs, respond to change. Therefore, the travel agency tourism products producers as a whole, regardless of how technology development, its role can not be ignored. Only with travel suppliers to develop tourism products, jointly established outside the enterprise network, exchange information in order to more timely response to changing market demand, improve the entire tourism supply chain efficiency. Travel agencies can create enterprise portals, namely extranet, making e-commerce platform and business window and through the window with customers and suppliers to communicate more smoothly. Suppliers to join the network more accurately grasp the needs of tourists, the timely discovery service problems and resolve them. Travel agencies and suppliers to develop tourism products, they have a common, shared goals, and interdependence. Network construction can include tourist destination introduction, product consulting, product reservation, tourist demand surveys, product feedback, online marketing, as well as collaboration with suppliers (Figure 2). Mainly by the construction site to complete travel, travel agents, to build a central database, with suppliers and customers connected into the network structure, cooperative tourism enterprises from free access to information in the database, the establishment of mutual cooperation between enterprises, to detect changes in the market, improve business efficiency. Online transactions through sound, and ultimately the tourism e-commerce platform to build. In the network structure in a central database, vendors and visitors can obtain information about the market and demand more detailed information, tourists can get information about the latest tourism products and the most complete information. Tourism supply and demand information along the supply chain flow. Travel agencies as intermediaries to integrate the needs of tourists information, and with suppliers to discuss and develop products to meet the visitors' requirements and design the best tourist routes. In this collaborative network, the three aspects of both information providers and users of information, but also are the beneficiaries of value-added information.
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