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Investment control of the design phase of supervision seminars
设计阶段监理投资控制的探讨
[Abstract] In this paper, the housing industry projects, for example, demonstrates the design phase of the importance of investment control, on how, in the preliminary design, technical design, construction design, construction, and with the various stages of completion and acceptance of supervision to do the design stage investment control , and draw the corresponding legend, in order to control the design phase of investment benefit.
【摘要】：本文以住宅产业项目为例,论证了设计阶段投资控制的重要意义;探讨如何具体在初步设计、技术设计、施工图设计、施工配合与竣工验收的各个阶段做好设计阶段监理投资控制;并绘制出相应的图例,以对设计阶段投资控制有所裨益。
[Keywords] construction project,the design phase,investment control,construction supervision
【关键词】： 建设工程,设计阶段,投资控制,施工监督
First, the significance of investment in the design phase of supervision
一、设计阶段监理投资的意义
Design stage of project implementation methods to determine the scale and calculated their cost is not high, but its economic rationality of the entire project has a vital significance, while the implementation of the design and supervision role is to: the construction unit can be designed to the owners unit selection and design to provide scientific advice on major issues, to ensure the correctness of the owners decision to avoid the blindness of their decision-making and help to design units to avoid design errors that may occur and waste, optimizing the Engineering design, and ultimately achieve protection projects safe and reliable, to improve its usefulness and economic purposes.
China's construction program can be divided into six stages: the stage of the top project proposals, feasibility study stage, stage design documents, construction preparation phase, construction and implementation phase, the final acceptance stage. One of the design documentation phase refers to the engineering design phase, engineering design is based on the approved feasibility study report (or design plan) of the proposed projects identified in the product program, production scale, technology solutions, building conditions and site programs, investment estimation and evaluation of technical and economic requirements of the tender by the owner determined by survey and design units, survey and design units in accordance with the provisions of the contract, in accordance with national policies and regulations, absorbing advanced scientific and technological achievements and production experience, choose the most Jia-building programs for engineering design, to provide for the construction of the project based on design documents and drawings, and building construction for the project installation and commissioning services throughout the course of activities.
1, the design phase is to control the critical stage of investment 1,设计阶段是控制投资的关键阶段
Engineering design is to determine the value of building products to form a critical stage, although the construction of the actual investment in the construction phase, but the possibility to save and invest, but mainly in the construction stage before, especially the design stage, according to the implementation phase of the project at home and abroad studies have shown the potential to save and invest, survey and design stage the potential to save and invest more than 10% are in the design preparation phase up to 95% in the individual project design, selection of architectural and structural solutions and building materials have a greater choice of investment effects, such as construction program in the layout, determine the depth and bay, the choice of form facade, floors and floors to determine the foundation type selection, structure selection and so there are technical and economic analysis of the problem, according to statistics, to meet the the same function under the conditions of technical and economic rational design can reduce the project cost 5% -10%, even up to 10% -20%.
For general construction, the consumption of materials and equipment costs account for about 70% of project cost, and this high proportion of expenditure is in the design phase with the structure, equipment modeling, material selection and so determined. Thus, design phase of the capital projects that affect the critical stages in the construction process, according to the drawings, the construction unit must follow the principle, in fact, carried out during the construction phase does not control the investment control of the project cost, but the progress of the process control engineering may increase the cost of new projects, but limited usefulness of such investment control, in fact, more or less project investment decisions, whether it is reasonable, it has been determined at the design stage has proved that the design phase of project cost control has great potential to meet the project under the premise of using the feature, designed to tap the potential to reduce project cost.
2, Supervision and Control of the design stage the need to invest 2, 设计阶段监理控制投资的必要性
Design and supervision of construction supervision is technically higher than the level of supervision. It is based on such a special status and stage of development of the industry's own lack of supervision, making the design and supervision of China's opening to the delay in implementation, but the design phase Throughout the project the importance of building and design market in China now there are signs that the design industry needs supervision, design market calls for supervision.
Design and supervision of construction projects the whole process of supervision is an important component of the overall project investment control plays a key role, is to place the various elements of construction projects necessary to advance the control means, therefore, strengthen the supervision of the design phase of the research investment control becomes very urgent and important.
Second, the design and supervision of the basic tasks
二、设计监理的基本任务
Ministry of Construction <<construction supervision pilot requirements>> clearly the phase of the supervision task, generally speaking mainly in the following areas:
(1) according to the intent and requirements of building owners to determine the design principles, preparation <<design>> file.
(2) designed to assist owners to tender, selected survey and design units, and units with the signing of co-selected and implemented.
(3) review the various stages of design drawings and design documents. The overall design phase of the project design phase and construction design stage, from technology, quality, investment and progress in terms of design documents for review and control.
(4) coordinate the construction units and construction of the working relationship between the parties.
(5) participation in major materials, components and equipment selection, a good selection off.
1, the preliminary design phase of the investment control 1,初步设计阶段的投资控制
The preliminary design stage is the basis and foundation of the design data, design size and technical scope, the depth of design documents, professional design, major equipment and materials, the total budget estimate and project and sub-technical and economic indicators of control, and to project amount of the approved investment program control objectives to achieve control of the investment project.
Supervision of project director and professional engineers in the preliminary design stage investment control's main function is to assist owners to carry out the plan of the project investment control and decision-making, inspection and review, control and coordination functions with respect to the project director and professional supervision engineer the preliminary design stage investment is a critical review of control measures designed to provide the owners of the units are designed according to the basis and foundation design data; whether the design of the project design task book lists the design requirements, design the project size, scope and depth of whether to meet the requirements to participate in the design and the professional design consultation, strict control of various types of design the technical and economic indicators; review the list of major equipment and materials, control of various types of equipment and materials consumption and unit price; review and breakdown of the total project budget estimate, due to increased investment exceeded the design must be reported to the owners approval, supervision engineers right to arbitrarily decide; to help owners design and coordinate the types of external collaboration of professional relations.
2, the technical design phase of the investment control 2,技术设计阶段的投资控制
For general industrial and civil construction projects, can not carry out technical design needs in the technical design of the construction project owners should make specific requirements in the technical design phase, project director and professional supervision engineer should strictly control new technologies, new equipment development cost, the introduction of fees, laboratory fees and related technical and economic indicators, in order to save investment costs, and revised estimates for the total budget and sub-critical review in order to control the excessive increase in the total investment, the revised estimates by the owners and the relevant departments for approval.
3, the construction design phase of the investment control 3,#p#分页标题#e# 施工图设计阶段的投资控制
Construction design phase is to design units to submit final design stage of products, and construction projects for the organization to provide a formal basis in the construction design stage, the project director and professional supervision of engineers on design standards and design parameters, the main equipment and materials consumption and price, the design budget and budget breakdown of the design and control of the technical and economic indicators to achieve the control of the project investment. In general, the Construction Budget estimates should be controlled within the design.
4, with construction completion and acceptance of the investment and control 4,施工配合与竣工验收的投资控制
With the completion and acceptance of construction and design phase is a continuation of that should be engaged in the construction phase and design-related work continues in the design phase, the project design changes investment focus and control design changes, technology changes, handling major incidents Therefore, the supervising engineer should be strictly controlled design changes, design changes, technical change and incident handling the project, because these changes occur, will not only affect the quality of the project goals, objectives and progress of the construction of technical and economic benefits, but also will directly affect the project cost increase from this basic idea, to take an investment when control measures, if the goal of a measure progress and quality objectives will have a negative impact, we must consider whether there are other more good measure, we must be cautious decision-making.
Third, the conclusion
三、结论
Because consumption of construction materials, equipment, products and more labor and more consumption, more use of construction machinery, construction sites is not fixed, long construction period, taking big money. In addition, investment and quality, progress is inextricably linked to another between , mutual restraint between them both, contradictory, and unified together, so control of the capital projects in construction Project Management or construction project cost control is very important.
Investment project control and supervision, should be run through the whole process of construction, but the key is in the investment decision-making and pre-construction design stage, to make investment decisions in the project, the control is the key to the project design The design of engineering Construction of the soul, engineering design for the realization of the project quality goals, schedule goals, the overall economic efficiency and social objectives play a decisive role in the design stage is critical for control of project investment stage and how to achieve these objectives only through effective design and supervision to achieve, this paper analyzes the various stages of engineering design content, combining practical engineering design of its own characteristics, were discussed the main elements of design and supervision.
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