留学生作业指导参考资料：比较《傲慢与偏见》与《简爱》中的伊丽莎白

Abstract

 

The outstanding development of 19th century British novel created a batch spread eternal works. Each writer has come from where they lived on their own background and living environment and based on the common basis, and form their own unique style. Love is an eternal topic in our human world. Throughout history till today, many writers described love and outlined a beautiful painting for those who are desirous of love with brushwork of great delicacy and they expressed their deep feeling of life and love with their unique and exquisite account. It can be found that the theme of “love and marriage” is the mainstream of the English novel of this period. This paper based on the theme of love and marriage of this two works Jane Austen's Pride and Prejudice and Charlotte Bronte's Jane Eyre as the breakthrough point, by comparison, this two authors in fictions portrayed Elizabeth and Jane Eyre these two female images in linguistic description, show the pursuit the different aims of love, then to show its the rise of women's consciousness.

 

Keywords: love ， liberty, equality, linguistic description , feminist consciousness

 

A Comparison between Elizabeth in Pride and Prejudice and Jane Eyre in Jane Eyre

 

Introduction

 

Austin's novel appeared in the 19th century, a classic restaurant-favoured early swept romantic trend, an inheritance and development of English eighteenth century outstanding realist tradition, the climax of realism novel is prepared for the 19th century .Although her works reflect the breadth and depth of limited, but her novels’ energy is little, from a small whole window to the social for forming and peeping at that time of change, plays a good role climate in the history of the English novel, a connecting link between the preceding and the significance, known as a writer with equal status as Shakespeare ". Jane Eyre is a literature with years of history. So far has 164 years (1847 so far) of history, it successfully created the first English literature for love in life, social and religious are taken independent proactive attitude and dare to struggle, dare to fight for liberty and equality position the image of women; Jane Eyre was once the nineteenth century stir in the literary world in the history of English literature, called a classic, beloved, it with an irresistible beauty attracts thousands of reader, there is a kind of uncontrollable urge, drives people picked up the book, and then, the heart is also deeply moved by the tremor.Love is an eternal topic in our human world. Throughout history till today, many writers described love and outlined a beautiful painting for those who are desirous of love with brushwork of great delicacy and they expressed their deep feeling of life and love with their unique and exquisite account. Pride and Prejudice and Jane Eyre by two significant images of woman, Elizabeth and Jane, these two most important images in English literature, treat life and love with unique method and pursue independence. Their self esteem and self respect of a character depends on life and love, it is also showed the feminist ideas. Relatively speaking, Jane Eyre is women represent who fight against the patriarchy society having brought more realism. Therefore, Charlotte Bronte advanced the feminist a step after Jane Austen.

 

Different writing backgrounds of these two works

 

Time continuously changes; however, love this subject constantly actives in people’s life. Perhaps there are different ways to express this subject, but never neglect this theme. In the past history of love literature, each writer from different aspect has his or her own unique interpretation of love, and to describe love with exquisite brushwork .And they also outline with unique wonderful picture scroll for the people who look forward to love of good feelings and demonstrate their profound comprehension for love and life. Both Pride and Prejudice and Jane Eyre these two works have written by those two writers which in English literature are representatives of women writers and they are the world’s influential British realism writers -- Jane Austen and charlotte Bronte’s novel. To some extent, these two famous works on opus with certain autobiographies because the two writers use textual showed their thoughts and mood and writers often started from their own experience with keen observation and fine emotions to express deep feelings of the reality of the situation and to show females’ pursuit of independence, freedom, helplessness and anguish. Even though these two female writers grasp the same theme of love and marriage, each writer have different social background and experience in different aspects of age in existence, at the same time they have something in common unavoidably with their own characteristics.

 

Jane Austen was born in the 18th century, the Stuart kings, capitalist society system has been established, but due to the existence of the monarchy, feudalism concept is still strong. Because of the economic development, male is in a dominant position in society, women are excluded from the social affairs, family become the only place to show their talent and intelligence, and spiritual and material double harvest marriage became their most major pursuit. And Jane Austen in her novel mainly describes some love marriage story, and also expounds such a theme: money ancestry is the indispensable factors in marriage, but, true love is the basis of marriage, thus effectively has criticized that in British money ancestry marriage has been popular, it is time for discussing the social reality of great resistance. This novel depicts different young man of marriage, but we can find best ideal marriage to Austin is the marriage between Elizabeth and Darcy because this marriage is rooted in reality, and to the author a good marriage needs not only have true love as a basis, and still need money and wealth as guarantee, the so-called marriage is the perfect combination of love and money.

 

And Charlotte Bronte lived in the 19th century – the extremely magnificent Victorian Age, compared to the 18th century, the feminist movement has been lasted for nearly 50 years, and the completion of the industrial revolution has changed people's implicit living conditions, many women have their leisure time and more sovereign consciousness. This novel is very vividly embodies the view of love and marriage of Bronte is that women should have self dignity, freedom, and have the equal status with men. The author in works expressed strong awareness of gender equality. Happiness is the basis of marriage between mental interlinked, equal status and true love. This is her ideal marriage. Different social background let two female writers create different character, not only let them in the pursuit of their own selves love at the same time, but also showed a different female awakening.

 

Pride and Prejudice is the masterpiece of Jane Austin. The works of Austin are describe daily life, not only attracted broad readers at that time, but also still today give the reader a unique art enjoyment. Looked from the novel, Elizabeth resourcefulness, prescient, visionary, have very strong self-respect, and be good at thinking problem. Just for a young unmarried young lady speaking, this is valuable. As with this quality, make her in love have independent initiative, and led her have a happy family with Darcy. Austin’s story quite dull, but good things in daily ordinary created distinctive characters, let us from Elizabeth with Darcy’s love to see in its pursuit to express meaning: marriage is generated needs the combination of love and money. Pride and Prejudice mainly described the story of the Bennett’s several daughters with their love, their marriage and their understanding and selection in the village of Longhorn. Jane Austen through five daughters treats marriage in different ways, and shows the girls in the middle-class family of township having different attitude for marriage and reflecting the discussions of Jane Austin. Austin’s works mainly depicted four marriage clues: the secular love between Charlotte and Collins, the love of sensation, of sentiment between Lydia and Wilkins, the sincere love between Jane and Bingley, and Elizabeth and Darcy's real love. Based on the development of the characters in the novel marriage as the main line, expounds the process of the essence of bourgeois marriage, explores Jane Austen’s ideal marriage, and points out the realistic meaning novel. And the author utilized linguistic desperation to show the heroine Elizabeth’s is differing from other females’ views. There's a phrase in works, “Anyone who have property of bachelors bound to a wife, this has become an acknowledged the truth." [1] In Pride and Prejudice, describing the relations of the surface round marriage relationships is floating in receiving a visitor, drinking tea, dancing, etc. in the social world. But, on the other hand, in the age anything is on the economic basis to determine the entire survival competitive world. Austin uses her heroine Elizabeth to express that justify marriage should be both sides on the basis of mutual respect for the union, marriage shall not be decided by these traps status and property,.#p#分页标题#e#

 

Jane Eyre is one of masterpieces of the 19th century famous female writer Charlotte Bronte. Charlotte Bronte compared with her other two sisters appears more gentle and more purity. Charlotte Bronte comes from a poor family and when she was a little girl has no her mother. And her common appearances without beautiful let her innermost soul produced an inferiority complex and make her become very sensitive. Just been such Charlotte Bronte, still not forget to pursue those nice things. In her work, Jane is not a beauty, tall woman, but has an extremely strong self-respect, and unswervingly pursues a bright, holy, and wonderful life. And also someone said, Jane Eyre is the portraiture of Charlotte Bronte’s “poetic life”. Jane Eyre is about a mediocre but high self-esteem governess and the hero’s love story. The view of love displayed by Jane Eyre, this character actually reflects the author Charlotte’s love ideal. During Charlotte studied abroad, falling in love with her teacher, and her teacher has his own family and he has not pay attention to Charlotte. So she put this delicate emotions have been pressed in his heart. The emotional frustration has affected on her, but also accomplished the masterpiece, Jane Eyre. There has some information about the view of love contains equality and independent. [2] “If god gave me some beautiful and a little bit of wealth. I just want to let you feel to leave me as it is now for me to leave you same... we stand in front of god are equal, because we are equal”. In love and marriage, Charlotte insisted that every one should respect each other independent personality, especially expression comes out when Jane Eyre learned that Mr Rochester and Bertha owned tatters of marriage, and then choose to leave in the description of incisively and vividly. Happy ending let notions of love of the author, Charlotte, disappeared clearly: true love requires equality, mutual respect and both lovers love each other just because marriage with love is happy. [3]

 

Chapter One the fierce words represent urgent pursuit of dignity

 

Elizabeth in Pride and Prejudice and Jane Eyre in Jane Eyre are the two famous feminist images of English literature in unique ways to pursue love and life. Pride and Prejudice with a romantic colour, it emphatically in the Stuarts reflects people to pursue marriage life. Elizabeth is smart and wisdom and she is self-esteem, adventurous woman, and when she faces love extremely intellect without needless words and deeds cautious. And Jane Eyre by Jane Eyre is the first feminist image with independence, and on its unique way toward love and life with unyielding will and strong vitality. Due to the writer's life experience and the different ages, two female images in somewhat similar, and meanwhile, each has his strong point with obvious differences. Every writer will use their pens writes different words describing more and more novels, prose and poetry to make readers taste the theme and idea of those works. When British contemporary writer W. Somerset Maugham created his works said that, “Words have weight sound and appearance; it is only by considering these that you can write a sentence that is good to look at and good to listen to.”(4)From his words, we can realize that writers usually use different words to express what they want to transfer to readers. These two writers together use the energy of words to show their character’s personality .Writers will So-called the characters' language personalized, is what about what people say let people through their own language to express his ideas, identity, culture, experiences, and personality, etc. Language is the window of mind; the reader is often through dialogue between tasks recognition and evaluation of the various characters of novels. Therefore, linguistic description is an important part of the novel language of one. (5) Also, both two female writers put linguistics description into use to show their personality.

 

In the age, male ruled almost all of the social sciences, Elizabeth and Jane Eyre seek mental independence, but someone such quality women are scarce, they all clear understand the value of the women. In the first contact, as a noble Darcy’s behaviour with arrogance hurt Elizabeth’s female self-esteem, strong self-respect let her not as Darcy's noble status to like or to closed to him, such as “No thanks to his gallantry for that, Well, he certainly is very agreeable, and I give you leave to like him. You have liked many a stupider person."(6). When her old sister Jane expressed to Elizabeth how very much she admired Mr. Bingley after the big party. Elizabeth agreed with her sister about his manners, not about other people’s compliments. Elizabeth feels self-confidence, don't accept others' mercy and contempt, when Darcy made advances to her marry him, not because the man's status, or ignore one of the offending words, but rather flatly rejected, for example “It is natural that obligation should be felt, and if I could feel gratitude, I would now thank you. But I cannot--I have never desired your good opinion, and you have certainly bestowed it most unwillingly. I am sorry to have occasioned pain to anyone. It has been most unconsciously done, however, and I hope will be of short duration. The feelings which, you tell me, have long prevented the acknowledgment of your regard can have little difficulty in coming it after this explanation.”(7) Through Elizabeth’ words, readers find that Elizabeth dislikes Darcy even deeply-rooted, and she not like other women who once said yes when there have a gentleman with money and statues wanted the woman marry him. Elizabeth wanted a marriage include love, freedom and both man and woman in the marriage could treat other with respect.

 

Jane Eyre has her reason and rules in her deep heart, and respects herself, hopes love could be on basis of respect. She loves Rochester because he respect her and equally treat her, but in madly in love also still continue to perform the duties to tutor child and feed herself by herself to keep personal dignity, nor in status difference of inferiority. But, when she found that a crazy wife of Rochester alive at the wedding, and she “shut herself into the room and tie the door avoiding someone breaking into, then start -- not cry, not sorrow - machinery to remove wedding dress, change the wear coats last time. Then sat down, and felt weak. With her arms propped up on the table, head in hands on." (8)She started thinking, its internal strong self-respect didn't allow she to make a choice, and she resolutely chooses to leave. All these show Jane Eyre dignity to women, and the pursuit of human dignity and independence of women as to the features for new awakening females.

 

Chapter Two Jane’s determination and Elizabeth's hazy unconsciousness

 

Elizabeth was born in typical middle-class family, although not be beauty outstanding, still have prominent places: having a middle education, having great wisdom; every day with her sisters cares most popular fashion style, playing an active part in dancing party, often talking about new rich men or single officer. She is a single flower in greenhouse, no frustration and raining, experienced parents caress by the childhood, lacked of independence. And Jane relatively very ordinary: very small, pale, facial features inequality; her parents are dead since childhood, living with her aunt, after being abandoned in charity, and arguably had no money and no power, don't even say beauty. Low identity making Jane tastes of all life’s suffering and giving her suffering indomitable volition and tenacious vitality and body of intellect. Just because of life differences in background, and let them in the face of love made the confusion of different reaction. Jane to be brave and independent facing their own love, pay attention to the heart of both men and women, dare to fight and dare to communicate the status of freedom and equality. And Elizabeth exhibited a hazy unconscious resistance, and she really resisting injustice, but a rebel not thoroughly, in love in a passive position of waiting for the man choice, rather than oneself active battalion, to choose love out of a relationship is “before had cut off this section if only friends, but now hopes it to continue” (9), absolutely not as to Jane’s determination.

 

Love is covered with money’s chains in capitalist society and hilted the mark of money and such money situation virtually killed many young men and women’s heart to pursuing the pure love. It astonishes that Elizabeth treat love and marriage attitude too sensible. She never married without love, she dreams of marriage is based on love for the premise, but cannot ignore the proportion money in her love, the sentence “Wickham did not get married with an unprofitable girls?”(10)Fully revealed her view of love – combination love and money, love cannot live without equal economic. She thought that: the marriage without love is pale, but it is blinded only for love and ignore the money of marriage. And Jane as a poor governess, falling in love with their employers Rochester, status gap, problems of age and looks for her are not suppressing their emotional or avoiding this love story love without social rules, she also doesn't follow when social marriage concept to suppress their emotional or avoid this love story. She didn't because Rochester’s possessions and falling in love with him, just pure pursue love and personal happiness, rigid pursue personality independence and equality in life, independent strong initiative dedicated, she did not passively wait for the man's choice, and actively confront their love. She thinks that “love is the most important feature is that it is free” (11), her love is unconditional.#p#分页标题#e#

 

Conclusion

 

Charlotte Bronte use novel tells us that our best life is human dignity plus love. Novel designs a “Chinese final” (12) – Rochester’s manor ruined, and he also therefore become a disabled, but Jane has achieved a dignity of love, as Jane herself said: “I know what it is to live entirely for and with what I love best on earth. I hold myself supremely blest-blest beyond what language can express; because I am my husband’s life as fully as he is mine. …I know no weariness of my Edward’s society: he knows none of mine, any more than we each do of the pulsation of the heart that beats in our separate booms; consequently, we ever together....because he claimed these services without painful shame or damping humiliation. He loved me so truly that he knew no reluctance in profiting by my attendance; he felt I loved him so fondly, that to yield that attendance was to indulge my sweetest wishes.” (13)Jane won't be torn between and choice in dignity and love, she married with Rochester gaining satisfaction. Also, Elizabeth in dignity and satisfy won her love. Darcy chooses to change his urbane: better love to sister, polite to people. Such changes what from Darcy to let Elizabeth eliminate prejudices to Darcy. Plus when Darcy after knowing that "domestic", not only despised her, still enthusiastic helping her solved all the problems, all sorts of behaviour let Elizabeth’s heart remaining a prejudice disappeared, just existence of deep love for Darcy just come down. Darcy’s change undoubtedly gave Elizabeth something what need most - respect, let her feel herself existed in this relationship, eliminate prejudice to enjoy their love; Also because of Elizabeth's change again, Darcy summoned the courage to vindicate Elizabeth, this “arrogance” couple changed “bias” to find a way being together.

 

The two works though not produced in the same period, but expressed the same idea: feminist ideas. The two leading lady to the pursuit of human dignity and independence, whether it is the time for new awakening women, the other women on each age has incentive effect, encouraging them to strive for economic, love, personality independence struggle continuously, like bright lighthouse pointed out the women as the pursuit of freedom, equality life on direction. Because had the personality of equality and independence, love that relying on somewhat; Only love and human equality and independent closely together, love to sublimate to a more ideal state, marriage can truly happy. Only to gain respect and self satisfaction, everything else is valuable. Instead, in settling up is only under a pile of no value to the waste product, can let yourself feel tired vassal thing.