提到introduction,也就是引言或者简介部分,很多学生由于错误的认为它过于简单而被忽视,实际上,一份好的作业首要条件就是需要好的introduction部分,不仅能高度的概括文章整理内容,还能吸引读者对文章快速的产生兴趣。introduction作为文章的一部分,并且是开头部分,在写作上可以遵循一定的规律,今天小编就为各位详细整理了写好留学生作业introduction的6个“公式
六个“公式”即:背景;现状及分歧;目的;原因;意义;outline。具体写作层次如下:
/公式一/
描述这个所选topic的背景和重要性
背景写作的主要目的是引出所选topic以往的研究文献也及该课题以往的研究观点,因此在写作上虽然会比较宏观一些,但一定要紧密联系topic,可以用一两句话带过。
举个栗子:
“One of the most common dilemmas facing many students in the United Kingdom in recent years has been the question of whether or not to take a part-time job. Rising tuition fees and living expenses make life very difficult for students who do not benefit from the financial support of their parents or other sponsors. In order to survive, thousands of students take out several loans and incur serious debt in the course of their years at university. However, others attempt to ease the financial burden of full-time study by finding a part-time job.”
/公式二/
介绍该课题目前的研究现状以及存在的分歧
在这一部分不仅要对前人的研究做简要说明,还要总结这些文献的gap,也就是目前的研究中都存在哪些争议,或者没有涉及到的研究。 这一层次的开始通常是先简要回顾相关学术文献,用“根据XX等人的研究,或者根据什么调查组织的报告”这样的语句概述前人的研究成果,之后便是评述以往研究的benefit和gap,确定以往研究分歧的一个重要目的便是引出你所选这个课题的目的,也就是引言的第三层次内容。
/公式三/
确定研究该课题的原因
简单来说,“原因”就是由于以前的文献没有关于这方面的研究,所以你要进行哪方面的研究;或者做这项研究能够带来什么benefit。
举个栗子:
“While measuring these effects may be challenging, establishing the attitudes of students and academic staff towards part-time jobs for students could provide a valuable insight into how they feel employment affects academic achievement.” /公式四/
列出此次研究的目的
“研究目的”是为了强调你是为了什么而研究。话不多说继续举个栗子: This study aims to investigate the feelings of students and academic staff in relation to students doing part-time work. It also aims to analyse the findings of the research in order to establish the advantages and disadvantages that such work may have for students. /公式五/
解释本次研究的意义或价值
在这一部分通常要给出意见和建议
继续举个栗子:
“It is hoped that these findings will help both students and educational institutions to carefully consider the pros and cons that part-time employment has. This information could then be of use to students who are about to start a course of study at any university in the UK.”
/公式六/
简要说明整篇论文的框架结构
本文首先做什么,其次做什么,最后做什么,这样导师在没有读main body的时候就知道你的论文是如何架构的
举个栗子:
"This research project will first provide a review of some existing literature and analysis of the topic of part-time work for students. It will then describe the methods used in my own primary research. After this, it will analyse and evaluate the findings of this research before drawing any important conclusions and recommendations."
总而言之,引言就是为了提醒导师你正在做什么以及为什么要这么做,这么做的意义是什么。希望同学们能够通过这篇文章掌握论文中的引言部分的逻辑结构。
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