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Post War Civil Rights Movement
世界末日大战,标志着新时期的历史中,美国民权运动。与此同时,这是一个非常矛盾的觉醒时代在公民权利意识面临强烈反对国家和保守的一部分的圈子。
首先,应当指出,第二次世界大战使人类的生命和自由的真正重要的概念在某种程度上,人权成为世界主要关心的社区,把他们当成主要和普遍价值。事实上,显然是违反民事权利的一个最基本的原因,导致第二次一世界大战是在世界历史上最大的悲剧和美国扮演了重要的角色在争取民权的斗争,自由和民主。另一方面,与民事权利的实际情况在美国仍不尽理想,虽然民权运动已经开始生长在权力。
最大的一个问题的战后民权运动反共政策威胁到这个国家的民事权利,也破坏了许多美国人的基本的民主原则。共产主义威胁的恐惧是结果的事实:苏联成为唯一的真正的对手美国战后德国在国际舞台上以及欧洲大型毁了这场战争。
当然,在这种情况下一波新的社会偏执狂和反共运动压倒了整个国家。然而,主要思想家已经改变。在那个时期,麦卡锡。他已经成为众所周知的1950年,当他指责说,美国国务院共产党渗透。很显然,他建议把它收拾干净。作为一个参议院议长的小组委员会的调查,他举行了听证会质疑政府官员和别人怀疑共产主义活动。后来,这次竞选的迫害,毁谤被称为麦卡锡主义。很明显,即使这样一个著名的人一样c·卓别林,共产运动的同情,也遭受这一政策的美国。当然,这一政策导致了社会的不断发展,二者之间的张力,即不同的社会阶层的代表不同的政治信仰和追随者。另一方面,共产主义运动的发展也刺激了民权运动以来,被人压迫,美国共产党不可能不去争取人权而引发其他公民意识到民权帮助他们改变现存的秩序。
这一时期是标志着伟大的转变,是由于对社会角色的变化,是对男性和女性的结果。男人,就从战争战争去适应新的和平生活所改变。此外,女性的作用已经改变了。战争迫使他们去代替人战争结束后,因而出现了问题的工作场所退伍军人。此外,心理学的一个新一代不同,更多的独立并争取自由。
因此,在第二次世界大战时期导致社会心理的变化的陪同下,针对进步的政治压力,这是共产主义运动的发展和社会的局限性偏执狂的若干民事权利和自由,特别是政治问题。作为一个结果,主要关心的是那个时代的争论的问题,由国家发起的对其公民在共产主义威胁的斗争。把它更准确的说,主要的论点是是否意味着因两端与否,即预防手段是否通过压迫外来威胁美国公民的民事权利是可以接受的。
日益增长的反对党和公民权利运动的发展在1940年代晚期和1950年代完美地体现出来,美国社会的反应是负面的,美国人宁愿喜欢来保护他们的民权比成为受害者的国家不尊重他们的民事权利,威胁要改造一个极权主义国家。#p#分页标题#e#
这样,这个难题解决了战后我们赞成民事权利和美国社会显示其公民权利意识可能比以往任何时候都多。难怪这一时期是中国快速发展的民权运动的针对消除歧视在美国社会,特别是基础上的种族差异。事实上,在这一时期的非洲裔美国人已经取得公民基本权利,他们从未有过的改善是史无前例的民事权利在某种程度上,他们得到了一个机会,真的感觉等于其他社会成员。可以观察到相似的趋势在女性和其他动作,奋斗了民事权利和机会均等全体美国人的正当性。
The end of the World War II marked the new period in the history of the US and the civil rights movement. At the same time, it was an extremely contradictive epoch where the awakening of civil rights consciousness confronted the strong opposition from the part of the state and conservative circles.
First of all, it should be pointed out that World War II made human life and freedom really important notions to the extent that human rights became the primary concern of the world community which treated them as the main and universal value. In fact, it was obvious that the violation of civil rights was one of the basic cause that led to World War II that was the greatest tragedy in the world history and the US played an important role in the struggle for civil rights, freedom and democracy. On the other hand, the actual situation with civil rights in the US was still far from ideal, though civil rights movement had started to grow in power.
One of the main problems of the post war civil rights movement was the anti-communist policy of the state which threatened to civil rights of many Americans and undermined the basic principles of democracy. The fear of the communist threat was the result of the fact that the USSR became the only real opponent of the US in the international arena since Germany as well as Europe at large was ruined by the war.
Naturally, in such circumstances a new wave of social paranoia and anti-communist movement overwhelmed the whole country. However, the main ideologist has been changed. At that time it was McCarthy. He had become well known after 1950 when he charged that communists infiltrated the American State Department. Naturally, he suggested to clean it up. Being a chairman of the Senate’s subcommittee on investigations, he held hearings to question government officials and others about suspected communist activities. Later on, this campaign of persecution and slander became known as McCarthyism. Quite remarkably that even such a famous person as C. Chaplin, who sympathized to communist movement, also suffered from such a policy of the US. Naturally, such a policy resulted in the development of social tension between representative of different social classes and followers of different political beliefs. On the other hand, communist movement also stimulated the development of civil rights movement since, being oppressed, American communist could not fail to fight for human rights and provoked other citizens conscious of civil rights help them change the existing order.#p#分页标题#e#美国民权运动论文-Post War Civil Rights Movement-指导美国留学生essay
This period was marked by the great shift in the society that occurred because of the change of the role of men and women that was the result of the war. Men that returned from the war had to adapt to a new peaceful life that had changed. Furthermore, the role of women had changed as well. The war forced them to replace men and consequently after the war there appeared the problem of job places for veterans. Moreover, the psychology of a new generation was different, more independent and striving for freedom.
So, the period after the World War II led to the change of social psychology accompanied by the progressing political pressure aimed at the communist movement and it resulted in the development of social paranoia and limitations of certain civil rights and liberties, particularly political one. As a result, the major arguments of that epoch concerned the problem of the campaign launched by the state against its citizens in the struggle against the communist threat. To put it more precisely, the main argument was whether the means are justified by the ends or not, i.e. whether the prevention of illusionary external threat by means of oppression of civil rights of American citizens is acceptable or not.
The growing opposition and development of the civil rights movement in late 1940s and 1950s perfectly demonstrated that the response of American society was negative and Americans would rather prefer to protect their civil rights than become victims of the state that did not respect their civil rights and threaten to transform in a totalitarian state.
In such a way, the dilemma of the post war US was solved in favor of civil rights and American society demonstrated that its civil rights consciousness had been higher than probably ever before. No wonder that this period was marked by the rapid progress of civil rights movement aiming at the elimination of discrimination in American society, especially on the basis of racial differences. In fact, in this period African Americans had gained the basic civil rights they had never had before and the improvement of their civil rights was unprecedented to the extent that they had got an opportunity to really feel equal to other members of society. The similar trends could observed in feminist and other movements that struggled for civil rights and equal opportunities for all Americans.
Bibliography:
1. Lewis and Patterson, Major Problems in American History. New York: Random House, 1998.
2. Lewis, Walking with the Wind: A Memoir of the Movement. New York: Routledge, 1994.
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