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导读：本文是一篇俄国诗歌观后感，看斯大林的葬礼完成一篇美国本科essay:斯大林葬礼是苏联著名诗人、小说家、散文家、剧作家、编剧、演员、导演叶夫根尼叶夫图申科1990年执导的一部戏剧和历史电影，1953年3月参加前苏联领导人斯大林的葬礼。美国诺贝尔文学奖获得者、著名小说家约翰·斯坦贝克（JohnSteinbeck）鼓励了制作这部电影的想法，因为斯坦贝克从叶夫图申科的自传中读到的疯狂而可怕的场景给他留下了深刻的印象。斯大林葬礼后的几十年里，叶夫图申科最终创作并导演了这部长达101分钟的苏联电影，影片揭示了一个令人毛骨悚然的场景：数千人涌进莫斯科大街，悼念他们死去的领袖，这位领袖也被视为他们的精神领袖，导致许多人被践踏或杀害。
Stalin’s Funeral was a drama and historical movie, which was directed by the famous soviet and Russian poet, novelist, essayist, dramatist, screenwriter, actor and director Yevgeny Yevtushenko in 1990, which attended the former Soviet leader Joseph Stalin’s funeral in March 1953. The idea of making this movie was encouraged by the celebrated American Nobel laureate novelist John Steinbeck, since the crazy and scary scene Steinbeck read from the autobiography of Yevtushenko impressed him deeply. Several decades after the funeral of Stalin, Yevtushenko finally composed and directed this 101 minutes Sovietmovie revealing the macabre scene that thousands of people flooded into the avenue of Moscow to mourn their dead leader, who was also considered as their spiritual leader, and resulted in numbers of people being trampled or killed.
苏联共产党中央总书记、苏联总理、苏联元帅斯大林，1879年出生，1953年逝世。1928年，他放弃了列宁的新工业化经济政策，通过几项五年计划，在他的领导下，苏联迅速改变了落后国家的面貌（ihanus，2007）。在1939年的第十八次党代会上，斯大林承认他犯了一个谋杀性清洗的错误。然而，反叛乱运动的余波一直持续到伟大的爱国战争前夜，战争开始和战后的高潮再次爆发（Markevich，2011年）。在第二次世界大战中，苏联红军和盟军共同战胜轴心国。战后，他建立了社会主义阵营，冷战时期以美国为首的与西方的对抗，在苏联，斯大林为列宁和他自己建立了个人崇拜，尽管反对个人崇拜的列宁遗孀反对把列宁的尸体放在一个玻璃棺材里，让人们为他们的最后一点付出代价。聚醚砜这种人格崇拜在苏德战争中达到了顶峰，斯大林的名字也被写在了新的苏维埃国歌中。他也成为诗歌、音乐、绘画、电影等文化作品的焦点。Joseph Stalin, the Soviet Communist Party Central Committee General Secretary, Premier of the Soviet Union, and Soviet Marshal, born in 1879 and died in 1953. In 1928, he gave up Lenin's New Economic Policy forfully industrialization.Through several five-year plans, under his lead, Soviet Union rapidly changed the face of the backward countries(Ihanus, 2007). In 1939 Eighteenth Party Congress, Stalin's admitted he made a mistake on the murderous purges. However, the aftermath of counter-insurgency campaign continued until the eve of the Great Patriotic War and the beginning of the war and postwar upsurge was set off again(Markevich, 2011). In World War II, the Soviet Red Army and the Allied won victory over the Axis powers jointly. After the war he established the socialist camp, the confrontation with the West in the Cold War leading by the US.In the Soviet Union, Stalin established cult of personality for Lenin and his own, in spite of the opposition of Lenin's widow, who was against personality cult, to place Lenin's body in a glass coffin for people to pay their last respects. This personality cult reached its peak in the Soviet-German War.Stalin's name was also written in the new Soviet national anthem. He also became the focus of poetry, music, painting, film and other cultural works.
Under this atmosphere of personality cult, the funeral of Stalin became the peak of this crazy and abnormal true man show. The movie Stalin’s Funeral exhibited the scene based on the respect of history at the highest possible level.After the death of Stalin, the Soviet Union declared a national mourning for eight days.During this time all departments and factories, stopped working. Stalin's funeral was held in March 9. For three consecutive days, the team winds several kilometers long in the streets of Moscow. Following thePushkin Street, people moved toward to the cylindrical guildhall building. Because Stalin's body stayed in the hall, filled with flowers around. In these days, except the streets filling with people mourning Stalin, Moscow seemed have turned into a deserted city. Because there were too many people flooded into the streets, innumerous people were hemmed by others. To escape from the suffocating crowd is impossible, because the army and trucks guarded everywhere. No one knew how to get the Street. Many people died in the halfway. People were trampled to death and movedto the suburbby truck, buried in a large pit. The most appalling was that some people were trampled fainted. They could have been saved, but because the ambulance was participating the mourning, work was prohibited. So they were only waiting for death. This funeral, the number of truly dead, we'll never know.
Though years later, Stalin’s body was removed out from the Vladimir Ilyich Lenin Mausoleum and his personality cult fades away due to time and social and political reasons, from the movie of Stalin’s Funeral, a complicated, sad and macabre scene is indelible.
References
Ihanus, J. (2007). Stalin's Loss and Shame. Journal Of Psychohistory, 35(1), 61-70.
Markevich, A. (2011). How Much Control is Enough? Monitoring and Enforcement under Stalin. Europe-Asia Studies, 63(8), 1449-1468. doi:10.1080/09668136.2011.601116
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