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导读:这是一篇教育学作业范文，讨论了美国学校道德教育。美国学校道德教育的内容与美国的国家性质具有很大的关系。美国完全不受传统观念所束缚，它注重现实，具有奋发进取的特性。美国的多民族性，反映在社会生活中是多种文化共存，整个社会开放包容、提倡公平竞争。因此，培养具有这一特性的美国精神是美国道德教育的总目标。培养学生最基本的道德品质，是美国学校道德教育最重要的目标。美国学校道德教育的实质是维护美国的政治制度，宣扬美国的政治文化。 School morality education is an important part of quality education. All countries attach great importance to their own school morality education. Although China has put quality reform on the agenda early, the effect is not obvious. The United States has made outstanding achievements in this regard. Therefore, we can study the American school morality education to explore the successful experience suitable for our school morality education and avoid detours. Of course, due to the differences in social systems and cultural traditions, we must adhere to the guidance of marxism and proceed from China's specific national conditions when drawing on its beneficial practices. 学校道德教育是素质教育的重要组成部分。各国都非常重视自己的学校道德教育。尽管中国早已将质量改革列入议程，但效果并不明显。美国在这方面取得了突出成就。因此，我们可以研究美国学校道德教育，探索适合我校道德教育的成功经验，避免走弯路。当然，由于社会制度和文化传统的差异，我们必须坚持马克思主义的指导，并在利用其有益实践时从中国的具体国情出发。 The content of American school ethics education has much to do with the national nature of the United States. The United States is a multi-ethnic country that has not been established for a long time and is therefore very young. This kind of youth makes its idea open, the fetter that gets traditional idea very few, pay attention to reality, have the character that go all out to make progress. The multi-national nature of the United States is reflected in the coexistence of multiple cultures in social life. The whole society is open, inclusive and advocates fair competition. Therefore, cultivating the American spirit with this characteristic is the general goal of American morality education. Its main content can be divided into the following aspects: For a long time, the United States has focused on loving the country and being loyal to the country. Just because of the social and cultural characteristics of the United States, this kind of attention is slightly different from other countries. This difference is reflected in the following aspects: Instead of promoting patriotism and national loyalty in schools, the United States focuses on cultivating students' awareness of active participation in social and political life, enabling them to acquire basic skills, and thus shaping citizens' patriotism. By studying the American political system, judicial system and legislative system, and comparing the differences between us and other countries, we can instill the advantages of the system into students, so that students can better understand the national conditions of the United States. Focus on international cooperation and exchanges to enable students to understand the status and influence of the United States in the world and its relations with other countries, and arouse students' patriotism. Cultivating students' basic moral character is the most important goal of American school ethics education. Although the definition of moral character varies from state to state in the United States, they agree that schools should cultivate students to be honest, sincere, upright, brave, kind, just, helpful and respectful. By virtue of its moral education, the United States can not only cultivate the loyalty of American citizens, but also spread the political culture of the United States. American school moral education to the political view education as the core, its purpose is to make students to establish the values of individualism, through the adoption of "taking students as the center" the personality of ego education mode, pay attention to the heuristic and self participation, let the students enhance the discrimination ability in real life, development of autonomous consciousness, the students to western ideas such as freedom, democracy, equality, human rights. Thus, in the United States, which always claims to be "pluralistic," the political education is always monolitical. In the United States, moral education has become one of the main approaches through formal school courses and classroom teaching. In its formal curriculum, humanities is the most important part of moral education, mainly including philosophy, history, law, sociology, economics, civics and so on. In American colleges and universities, there are a variety of activities both inside and outside the university. The university has more than 600 clubs, societies or associations where students can connect with each other to develop common interests, talents and hobbies. American schools focus on developing students' cognitive abilities rather than requiring them to memorize certain moral codes. The school also pays more attention to students' awareness of social participation, and urges students to actively participate in social activities. For example, conduct moral education through extracurricular and off-campus activities. In order to make up for the lack of time and methods in citizenship education, many schools in the United States offer students the opportunity to participate in extracurricular activities and achieve the purpose of morality education through various ways. The essence of American school morality education is to maintain the American political system and promote the American political culture. Whether it is Americans' civic awareness or their patriotism, there is no doubt that it reflects American values and ideologies. So there are obvious problems with American school ethics education. The main manifestations are: the value tendency of individualism and liberalism leads to the failure of moral education mode and moral education theory to be implemented, which makes school teachers very headache. Violence, drug use, racism, sexual harassment, unwed mothers, etc. occur frequently on campus, and the long-term education results in schools are less than the impact of an hour in society on students. Over the past 60 years since the founding of the People's Republic of China, China has made great achievements in the development of moral education. However, we must also see that in the face of the new international and domestic situation, the contradiction between education and the current modernization is becoming more and more obvious, whether in education thought, education system and structure, or in education contents and methods. In particular, the existence of exam-oriented education leads to the one-sided pursuit of scores and further weakens the status of moral education. Therefore, we must deepen moral education reform and adjust education goal, especially to put moral education in an important position. Only in this way can our education have vitality, adapt to the needs of society, meet the requirements of society and achieve rapid development. From the point of moral education practice in the United States, the moral beducation of middle school students, especially primary school students, is more about the formation of behavioral norms education, that is, not only to explain the clear reason, but also to pay attention to the repeated training in behavioral practice, and gradually to become a habit. In short, our school morality education should adhere to quality education as the basis, pay attention to play the ideological and political function of education. To create a real education environment, make moral education activities closer to life and accord with the reality. Attaches great importance to the students' life experience and social practice, to strengthen the knowledge in the classroom teaching and the idea at the same time, pay attention to students' ideological and political character cognition, judgment, and the cultivation of reasoning ability, and will, exploration, independent spirit and balanced interpersonal ability to exercise, make the students learn to think, to learn how to choose, to achieve the goal of school moral education. |
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