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留学在外，Presentation可是每一个留学生必须掌握的技能。不仅在日常学习中会经常遇到，甚至在很多学校的第一堂课，就是做一个自我介绍性质的presentation。这对于习惯国内“沉默课堂”的学生来说简直是噩梦。不过即使内心很不情愿，presentation在今后的学习与求职中都十分重要，必须认真。下面小编给大家带来一篇presentation实用技巧，只需四天就能做一个完美的presentation。最后还未大家介绍了克服发言恐惧的技巧，别错过噢。 如何用四天搞定Presentation 搞定presentation的第一步就是先计划用几天来完成准备工作; Vicky建议至少在正式发言的前4天进行准备，如此才能充分的准备材料及练习，最终能够自信并流畅地发言。 将需要准备的内容分解为几个小任务，并划分哪一天需要完成哪一部分。 Day 1 阅读并研究发言时需要用到的基础材料 先略读一下文本材料，然后再进行细致的分析，标注一些重要的论点以及相关陈述。 文本分析很重要，它可以使你了解报告的整体框架以及你将要表达的主题。 如下所示： Should machines be used to do good and services instead humans? I believe they should not for many reasons. Machines can not be smart unless a human is controling it. So it would not matter if its an intelligent machine or not a human is still controlling it to do everything. When using a machine it could easily malfunction and it could be hard to fix the problem or it will just take a while to fix it. If a human is taking over instead of the machine there may be fewer problems. Machines have so many problems that it would not be worth having. Also, the more machines you have the less jobs there are for people because everyone thinks it would be better to have machines instead of people. When less people are out of work that means less money for those people and sometimes they will lose their homes or cars because they can not afford anything. Sometimes working with machines can be very stressful because they may not work at times or they could be running extremely slow and won’t get anything done. Machines are not smart at all, only when people are controlling them they are but not all the time. It may seem smart but its really not. In conclusion, I think machines should not be used to take over a human job because machines can not think only humans can think and make right or wrong decisions. Machines do not have brains, their not wired to think so why have them do stuff that we can do ourselves. 一定要确保自己理解要讲的基本内容， 否则就会整段垮掉! 分析文本时，可借助外部资源或辅助工具，如网络搜索相关背景资料和故事，进一步完善对主题的认识和了解。 举个栗子， 如果碰到拿不准意思的词，一定要查字典，并仔细研究主题，没有什么比在发言时连自己都不认识、讲不出来那个词条的意思，导致磕磕巴巴而更尴尬的事情了!!! 然后再开始创造性地打造属于自己风格的presentation! Day 2 着手准备发言的内容大纲 这正是体现你创造力的地方，理解材料的大致内容后，你就可以自由地决定按照什么顺序来陈述不同的观点和前提以及以什么方式来解释观点，比如正式地陈述主题的定义or 举一些相关的例子。 如下图所示： Introduction Asking a leading question. ; relay something enticing about the subject in a manner that commands attention. Start with a related quote,alluring description or narrition. Body A. First point,Assertion，Explanation 1.Supporting evidence(examples, facts,statistics,details, reasons 2. Supporting evidence B. Second explanation 1.Support 2.Support C. Third explanation 1.Support 2. Support D. Fourth explanation(continue as above with additional explanations as needed. ) 1.Support 2.Support E. Your proposal (if applicable) F. Address opposing viewpoints Closing Showing how explanations (causes) are logical reasons producing the effects discussed; review subject X and subject Y ; reiterate your assertion and proposition(if applicable). Reemphasize your thesis in a fresh way, showing how your have achieved your purpose. If you intend to draw to a conclusion about one subject over the other, emphasize that point. A. Deal with opposing views unless done above in Secion F. B. Appeal to the reader to see how your have come to a logical conclusion . C. Make a memorable final statement. Day 3 正式起草最后的发言稿 将主要内容在电脑上敲下来，这样有什么新的想法时可以随时添加。 尽量使自己的发言稿内容丰富并且深入，每一段标注序号; 另外再制定一个简单提纲，提纲的内容就是每一段的主题。 在演讲时，可以把提纲放在跟前提示自己，保证发言的顺畅。 如果忘了提纲上某个主题的具体在讲什么，可以根据提纲上主题的序号找到发言稿上的对应段落，激活自己的记忆! Outline 1.The sociality of translation 2.The cultural attribute of transaltion 3. Sign conversation of translation 4. The creativity of transaltion 5. The historical attribute of translation Day4 练习发言稿 现在文本分析很完整，你也很清楚发言的整体结构，唯一要做的就是确保自己能不遗漏重要的点，准确流畅地展示出来。 练习发言时，建议设置一个闹钟，你可以根据发言稿长度设定大约时间，也可以根据自己能在多长时间内完整地阐述内容来设定。 使用计时器可以保证你快速地陈述观点，从而彰显发言的流利度。 发言不要太长!否则会失去同学们或老师的注意力， 也不要太短!这样可能会无法准确完整地传达主题内容。 使用计时器并大声阐述的另一好处是可以判断发言稿哪一部分是有用的，哪一部分是多余的。如果你发现哪一部分信息是没有必要的或者很无聊，直接减掉，这样做一般会缩减20%的篇幅! 克服发言恐惧感的小秘诀 Step1 放松自己，控制呼吸 大家可以一起做下面2个练习： Exercise 1 学会放松 尝试想象一个可以让你感到放松的场景，给自己一种画面感，一旦你能够很熟悉地回忆这个场景，上台前就可以把自己带到这个场景中，使自己安静下来。 Exercise 2 熟悉发言场地 陌生未知往往会带来紧张感，因此要提前熟悉一下自己要发言的场合，在场地中四处走动并排练一下大声发言，让你的声音充满整个空间。 Step2 做好keynote 很多童鞋容易忘词，一忘词就更加紧张了。提前做好Keynote，可以让自己理清整个发言逻辑和架构，即使忘词，也能根据关键提示圆回来。 Step3 排练“台本”，把控发言细节 在发言前，可以把上台时要说的每一句话、要做的每一个动作写出来，标注在稿子上，例如标注移动、在什么地方进行强调或停顿、手势和互动的时间等。 带着肢体动作和情绪进行排练，可以斟酌用词是不是足够口语化、语言风格适不适合自己等。 |
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