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Research Essay guidelines:
研究征文指引：
Length –approximately 1500 words
长度约1500字
You must refer to a minimum 0f 3 good –quality sources in your work. Remember, only 10%of your essay can be direct quotes, and these, alone with any information, ideas, or statisics from outside sources, must be cited. Use either in-text references or footnotes, along with bibliography at the end of you essay listing all works consulted (use Chicago, APA, MLA)
Do not copy
您必须参照最低0F3优质资源在您的工作。记住你的文章中，英国essay写作指导只有10％可以直接引用，而这些，独自一人的任何信息，想法，或从外部来源的会计统计，必须引用。使用文本引用或脚注，结束你的文章一起参考书目房产所有工程咨询（使用芝加哥，APA，MLA）
不要复制
2010 Research Essay Question
2010年研究作文题
The Organ Black Market, or Organ Trafficking, is the illegal trade in human organs. Organ donors are likely to be unlucky victims, or poor and desperate. Organ recipients are likely to be wealthy and desperate, or just plain desperate. In essence, it is money for life. Should trade in human organs be legalised?
器官黑市，器官贩运，是人体器官的非法贸易。器官捐赠者可能是不幸的受害者，贫穷和绝望。器官接受者可能是富裕和绝望，或只是普通的绝望。本质上，它是对生命的钱。应该合法化人体器官交易？
Citations example
参考文献举例
Example of in-text references (citations)
例如在文本引用（引用）
Second-hand smoke (SHS) is a known cause of lung cancer (Hackshaw et al., 1997) and cardiovascular disease (Law et al., 1997) and can increase symptom frequency in subjects with asthma (Eisner, 2005). The US Surgeon General’s report in 2006 qualified SHS as causal to cardiovascular disease (US Department of Health and Human Services, 2006) and there is growing evidence that exposure to SHS may also increase the risk of acute myocardial ischaemia (Otsuka et al., 2001). Recent evidence suggests that smokefree legislation may reduce the number of hospital admissions for myocardial infarction (Pell et al., 2008). To address the World Health Organization’s Framework Convention on Tobacco Control, public health policy in many countries has moved to control exposure to SHS in social and work settings.
二手烟（SHS）是已知的导致肺癌（Hackshaw等，1997）和心血管疾病（Law等人，1997），并可以提高哮喘患者的症状频率（艾斯纳，2005）。 2006合格SHS因果心血管疾病（美国卫生和人类服务，2006部），并有被日益证据，二手烟暴露可能也增加急性心肌缺血的风险（大冢等，2001的美国外科医生一般的报告）。最近的证据表明，无烟立法可以减少心肌梗死的住院人数（佩尔等，2008）。为了满足世界卫生组织的“烟草控制框架公约”，在许多国家的公共卫生政策已经转移到控制在社会和工作环境中暴露于二手烟。
Bibliography
参考文献
Eisner M. (2005) Environmental tobacco smoke and adult asthma. Exp Lung Res; 31 Suppl 1: 8–14.
Hackshaw AK, Law MR, Wald NJ. (1997) The accumulated evidence on lung cancer and environmental smoke. BMJ; 315: 980–8.
Law MR, Morris JK, Wald NJ. (1997) Environmental tobacco smoke exposure and ischemic heart disease: an evaluation of the evidence. BMJ; 315: 973–80.
Otsuka R, Watanabe H, Hirata K et al. (2001) Acute effects of passive smoking on the coronary circulation in healthy young adults. JAMA; 286: 436–41.
Pell JP, Haw S, Cobbe S et al. (2008) Smoke-free legislation and hospitalizations for acute coronary syndrome. N Engl J Med; 359: 482–91.
US Department of Health and Human Services. (2006) The health consequences of involuntary exposure to tobacco smoke: a report of the Surgeon General—executive summary. : US Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Coordinating Center for Health Promotion, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Office on Smoking and Health.
(Example from: Semple Sean, Martie Van Tongeren, Karen S. Galea, Laura Maccalman, Ivan Gee, Odette Parry, Audrey Naji, and Jon G. Ayres. “UK Smoke-Free Legislation: Changes in PM2.5 Concentrations in Bars in Scotland, England, and Wales.” Annals of Occupational Hygiene (2010).
Example of Footnotes
附注举例
Guangzhou, capital of Guangdong Province, one of the richest provinces in the People’s Republic of China , is a city with a long history. It was founded in 214BC and was originally called Chu Ting before being renamed Panyu and then Guangzhou . It has a population of over ten million people and is located in the north of the Pearl River Delta . It is the largest city in southern China and third largest in China, being eclipsed only by Shanghai and Beijing. Its vicinity to both Hong Kong and Macau is a factor in its being one of China’s major foreign trade centres and the location of China’s largest trade fair, The Canton Fair. It is now the biggest financial, communication, and transport centre in the south of China and will play host to the 16th Asian Games in November, 2010. As flowers bloom all year round in
广东省省会广州，中华人民共和国的最富裕的省份之一，是一个具有悠久历史的城市。它始建于214BC原名楚庭被更名为广州番禺，然后之前。它有一个人口超过10万人，是位于珠江三角洲的北部。它是中国最大的城市在中国南部和第三大，越来越失色只有上海和北京。到香港和澳门两地及其周边是一个因素，它是一个中国的主要对外贸易中心和中国最大的贸易博览会，广交会的位置。现在是中国南方最大的金融，通讯和交通中心，将发挥主机在11月的第16届亚运会，2010年。花一年四季都盛开。
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