MLA是现代语言协会的缩写。 它是美国现代语言协会制定的论文指导格式，也是北美大学英语论文写作最常用的参考格式。 目前，它已在第8版中发布。 与APA，CMS和其他格式相比，MLA纸张格式更加严格且更常用。 MLA格式通常用于文学论文中。 MLA引用与哈佛文献和APA文献完全不同，MLA格式使用的是“作者姓+页码”的组合，举例来说： Wordsworth said that romantic poetry is characterized by "spontaneous spillover of strong emotions".” (263). 或者 Romantic poetry is characterized by "the natural manifestation of strong emotions” (Wordsworth 263) （一）如果引用的材料有多个作者（超过三个），MLA格式需要使用“et al.”的缩略写法： （1） 引用作者人数超过三人： According to Eric et al, “Current agricultural policies in the U.S. are contributing to the poor health of Americans” (327). 或者 The authors claim that one cause of obesity in the United States is government-funded farm subsidies (Franck et al. 327). （2）引用作者人数未超过三人：The authors claim that surface reading looks at what is “evident, perceptible, apprehensible in texts” (Best and Marcus 9). 或者 Best and Marcus argue that one should read a text for what it says on its surface, rather than looking for some hidden meaning (9).  （二）如果引用同一个作者的不同文献，则在文内引用中需要加上文献的名称。 （1）同一作者的两篇文章： Lightinor believes that computers are not a useful tool for young children ("too early" 38), although he also acknowledges elsewhere that early exposure to computer games does give children little motor skills in their second and third years Better development (“Hand-Eye Development” 17). （2）同一作者的两本书： Murray said that writing is a "process that changes with our way of thinking" (writing is to learn 6). In addition, Murray believes that the purpose of writing is "to bring thoughts and information from one person's head to another's head." (A Writer Teaches Writing 3). 在MLA参考格式中，主要有两种类型的文档：印刷（书籍和期刊）和Web（网页参考），必须在本文结尾引用的作品中进行标记。 此外，每个参考条目都需要缩进两次。 （三）书籍引用 Last Name, First Name. Title: City of Publication. Publisher, Publication Date. 姓，名. 书名：出版城市. 出版者，出版日期. 范例： Gleick, James. Chaos: Making a New Science. Penguin, 1987. Wysocki, Anne Frances, et al. Writing New Media: Theory and Applications for Expanding the Teaching of Composition. Utah State UP, 2004. 注意：MLA版本8在引用书籍时省略了发布城市。 仅当在不同国家/地区发行的版本不同时，才应在报价单中注明发行城市。 MLA 8th 引用书籍 Jacobs, Alan. The Pleasures of Reading in an Age of Distraction. Oxford UP, 2011. MLA 7th 引用书籍 Jacobs, Alan. The Pleasures of Reading in an Age of Distraction. Oxford: Oxford UP, 2011. Print. （四）期刊引用 引用期刊时，需要加上vol.和no.来表示期刊的期刊数和卷号。 Author(s). “Title of Article.” Title of Journal, Volume, Issue, Year, pages. MLA 8th 引用期刊 Kincaid, Jamaica. “In History.” Callaloo, vol. 24, no. 2, Spring 2001, pp. 620-26. MLA 7th 引用期刊 Kinkaid, Jamaica. “In History.” Callaloo 24.2 (Spring 2001): 620-26. Web. 范例： Bagchi, Alaknanda. “Conflicting Nationalisms: The Voice of the Subaltern in Mahasweta Devi’s Bashai Tudu.” Tulsa Studies in Women’s Literature, vol. 15, no. 1, 1996, pp. 41-50. （五）网页引用 Editor, author, or compiler name (if available). Name of Site. Version number, Name of institution/organization affiliated with the site (sponsor or publisher), date of resource creation (if available), URL, DOI or permalink. Date of access (if applicable). 编辑者，作者或编译器名称（如果有）。 网站名称。 版本号，与站点关联的机构/组织的名称（赞助者或发布者），资源创建日期（如果有），URL，DOI或永久链接。 访问日期（如果适用）。 范例： Felluga, Dino. Guide to Literary and Critical Theory. Purdue U, 28 Nov. 2003, www.cla.purdue.edu/english/theory/. Accessed 10 May 2006. Lundman, Susan. “How to Make Vegetarian Chili.” eHow, www.ehow.com/how_10727_make-vegetarian-chili.html. Accessed 6 July 2015. 最后我再提出两点注意事项哦： 1. 现在MLA不再在书名下用下划线，而是用斜体字； 2. 现在MLA要求用print 标记公开出版的纸质刊物的出版特征，包括书，杂志，报纸。  |
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