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Government involvement for the development of NEV
毫无疑问，从第一个网站政府就应该承担责任以解决存在的问题，这不仅是汽车行业，而是整个经济和社会的可持续发展各方面的利益不会受损的关键。值得庆幸的是，政策已经采取武力的激进措施。
There is no doubt that government, from the first site, should shoulder the responsibility to tackle the existing problems which would jeopardize the interests from all aspects in concerning the sustainable development not only of the automotive industry but also of the whole economy and societies. Thankfully, policies and incentives have already been take force.
a. The United States of America: putting into high gear for NEV development
U.S. auto industry, in getting rid of deep dilemma, is trying to make some breakthrough in NEVs. President Barack Obama hopes that the development and use of new energy can ease the harsh situation of over-reliance on import petroleum. U.S. Federal Government is planning to purchase 17600 fuel-efficient cars from the three major auto giants which also include NEV. President Obama denounced that one million plug-in hybrid cars are expected on road by 2015 (Schweinsberg, 2009). Stimulating policy has also been carried out that each owner of NEV can enjoy the deduction of 7500 USD as tax credit. The government also appropriate 400 million USD in supporting the infrastructure of CS. Furthermore, U.S. Department of Energy plan to set up 2 billion USD for Government funded projects to assist the R &D of battery which is needed in EV of new generation (Simbalik Group, 2011). Three major car manufacturers are also developing their own NEV products. For example, GM has already launched extended range EV, the Volt, which is an all-electric car at the end of 2010 (Glgaom, 2011).
b. Japan: extending the technology roadmap for hybrid car
日本是世界各地的混合动力汽车技术方面处于领先地位的国家。代表日本的混合动力汽车丰田的普锐斯，已经赢得了自身的开发和销售低污染车辆溢价的成绩。
Japan is in a leading position around the world in terms of hybrid car technology. Toyota Prius, the representative of Japanese hybrid car, has already won itself a premium in the development and sales of low-pollution vehicle. Currently, it has dominated over half of the US and European markets (White, 2007). By the end of 2009, Toyota has sold 1.2 million hybrid cars in the world markets, among which Prius has become the most successful type for it has got 72 present share. Meanwhile, Japan has obtained a rapid growth of FCV. Enterprises such as Toyota and Honda have become important business in today’s FCV market (Alan, 2007; Industry Week, 2007).
Start from the first of April, 2009, Japan has implemented green tax (The Green Tax Report, 2009). The policy covers NEV including PEV, hybrid car, clean diesel vehicle, NGV and authorized low emission and consumption vehicle. The previous three types have been defined by Japanese government as the next generation automobile from which owners can enjoy varieties tax benefits (Simbalik Group, 2011). Therefore, thanks to the active support of Japanese government, major auto enterprises in Japan have all generated their own NEV strategy without exception. For example, Toyota has announced that in the following years, the number of different types of hybrid vehicle will increase to ten (Industry Week, 2007). Nissan will also generate mass production of PEV in both domestic and European markets in 2012 (Professional Engineering, 2008). Additionally, Mitsubishi Motors and www.ukassignment.org Fuji Heavy Industries have realized commercialization of PEV in domestic market and foreign markets such as UK (Marketwire, 2011).
c. Germany: Exceeding a million NEVs by year 2020
German Government indicates that by 2020, RE (Renewable Energy) in Germany will obtain the proportion of 47 percentages of all energy consumption. That is the reason why there comes up the mission of one million NEVs in its domestic market. In early 2009, a 500 million economic stimulus plan has been passed (Simbalik Group, 2011). Quite a few proportions of the fund has been used in R & D of NEV, network constructions of car CS and the exploration of RE.
d. France: Reward available for low consumption vehicle
French government will invest 400 million Euros in R & D for CEV. Despite large amounts of funds, French government also adopts supporting measures to ensure the smooth running of EC such as increasing numbers of CS in workplace, supermarket and residential areas(Simbalik Group, 2011). The aim is to let charging as convenient as gassing up. The government renders high amount of subsidies, namely, 5000 Euros, to buyers who purchase SGC that release CO2 emission below 60 g/ km. The policy will be kept till 2012 and extended to more types of green car. Driven by preferential government policies, Renault-Nissan Alliance is now dropping the first batch EV between year 2010 to 2011 and the mass production will began at 2012 (Knox, 2009). In addition, Peugeot-Snow Iron Dragon, cooperates with Mitsubishi Motors Corporation, has launched environmentally friendly EC. What’s more, Bollore Group, a battery manufacturer, has cooperated with Pininfarina, an Italy company, to render a trial in EC market in 2010 (Jalopnik, 2010)
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