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问题
一份由新的工业咨询报告表示，政府干预是创造新的创新产业的重要因素。你已经被破坏了银行的研究部聘请在这一点上写一个政策简报。请讨论在多大程度上，政府对早期技术的支持是引进和大规模普及技术的关键。哪些因素导致可持续发展的产业？
线索：
波特的钻石，集群，创新（但不太多），竞争（但不太多）。通用技术允许他人创造价值和建立可持续的企业（所有的技术都是基于一般潮科技）
难点：你怎么知道哪个技术会赢？如果你有错误的话，预测的困难，因此浪费。
我不希望看到的例子，但有实用意义：欧盟决定对手机充电器。
政策简报注意：检查双方。归结为一个经理，可能是有用的东西
最重要的是：结构。为反对这一主张而不在一起。
A report by New Industrial Consulting expresses the opinion that government intervention is an important factor in creating new innovative industries. You have been hired by Rupt Bank’s research division to write a policy briefing note on this point. Please discuss the extent to which government support for early stage technologies is key to the introduction and mass penetration of technologies. What factors lead to the development of sustainable industries?
CLUES:
Porter’s diamond, clustering, innovation (but not too much), competition (but not too much). General Purpose technologies allow others to create value and build sustainable businesses (all technology surges have been based around general techs)
Difficulties: How do you know which tech will win out? Difficulty of forecasting, and therefore the waste if you have backed the wrong one.
Examples I don’t wish to see, but are useful: The EU decision on mobile phone chargers.
Policy briefing note: Examine both sides. Come down to something that might be useful for a manager
Most importantly: Structure. Do for and against the proposition in turn, not together.
The government intervention can be a crucial factor in determining the survival and development in new innovative entrepreneurs, especially at their early stage.We have heard many stories about how the government promotes the atmosphere of sustaining a high rate of technological innovation to help to meet the national needs. The majority of post World War II innovations, such as the jet engine and computers, are the results of the government interventions.Also, the government policies can help in other ways. In industrial relations, the government can assist to provide efficient welfare for labor and thus reduce the frictions between employers and employees. Therefore, when it comes to management, we should consider both sides of the coin.
However, the government support doesn’t always serve as a helping hand. There are concerns about government interference that can limit the payoff of both established and innovating technologies and potentially slow down or even sabotage the business.
To start with, new innovative industries are always attracted to enter the profitable market due to its high returns. In the early 80s, when China started to introduce new technologies to its citizens, the whole western world was first time shocked to see the super-fast growth in its economics. For the government at that time, new is good. The government’s policy was to encourage nearly all the new entries of industries focusing on producing high-tech (for that time) products such as color televisions, fridges and telephones etc. Businessmen were suddenly rich. A great number of private-owned companies saw the opportunities and jumped into the market. The young companies were under the ‘red hat’, which means all the business associated with the government’s policies was well protected.
However, within less than 20 years, the ‘new’ market became over-sized, that the government had to decide to interfere again. They had to shut down almost half of the once-so-well-run companies. Millions of people lost their jobs. Rich became poor. Poor policies or the uncertainty in the process of policy making can cost tremendous loss. Therefore, evaluating the effects of political decisionsof new enterprises seems especially important.
(PS: Other factors to think about before making policies except for political factors include social cultures, environmental factors, competitor rivalry etc)
问题
Two technologies are competing for a market where there is only likely to be one winning technology. Discuss, using examples from any technologies with which you are familiar, what factors are likely to determine which technology is chosen by the marketplace. Are there any cases which go against your general analysis, and to what extent should we place weight on their examples. (30)
Do you really want me to tell you more about this. Again?
Ok, well since you asked so nicely, why does one tech win out over another. It’s a frustrating question, not least because the purchaser is often left burned by the move of technologies. Incidentally, can I interest anyone in some Iomega Zip drives or a 120Gb Firewire hard disk. No, didn’t think so.
But how do you know the right answer? Just to let you know this question troubles me, because even when I do find an answer I’m happy with, it doesn’t turn out correct. Can I interest you in an 8track cartridge by the way?
Ultimately, I would expect some discussion of switching costs, network effects, co-ordination between users and in hardware/software, possible differences in different types of users and the relevant marketplaces that determine success. Also, does anyone want a Betamax VCR? Also remember that innovation takes place in a SYSTEM. This is key. An innovation does not have latitude to simply break a system (unless you have found a genuinely disruptive technology)
Case study
TYR vs Speedo professional swimwear
Professional swimwear wars are clearly heating up these days. The competition among the manufacturers tend to more and more focus on the technology to help to reduce the drag and to repel water. Many sportswear companies even employ a great number of researchers to continue to pursuit of developing the next best ultrasonic swimsuit for the marketplace. This case study focuses on 2 of the swimwear companies competing for UK market.
TYR Sport Inc.,is the largest private performance swimwear manufacturer in North America. It recently unveiled its new technology (called the Tracer Rise) in early 2013. However, can TYR compete with Australian giant Speedo in UK market? In my opinion, the answer is no.
As for technology, they both use high tech material to reduce drag and enhance swimmers’performance. And both of the products from the two companies helped with the greatest swimmers in history to win world class competition. Speedo swimwear was best presented by Michael Phelps in 2008 Olympics. Whereas TYR uses Matt Greers, the fastest backstrokerin the world, as the brand’s spokesman.When it comes to the UK market, which athlete is more famous to the British? Definitely Michael Phelps, the all time Olympics gold medal holder. Matt Greers, as great as he is, his fame might only stay among the Americans. In terms of the battle of commercialization, Speedo obviously wins.
In UK, Speedo has a very well established network of over 4000 distributors of its products. Which means the company is able to get its products distributed all over the UK easily. Whereas TYR only has less than half of the distributors as Speedo has. When transporting and distributing its products, TYR doesn’t has as easy access as Speedo. To sum up, the better network in distributing its products helps Speedo to win the UK market.
For sports wear, people tend to grow strong loyalty too. The customers thinkmore of the particular armourthey wear when they achieve in the swimming pool before they purchase again. Speedo now owns more than half of the swimwear market in UK. The popularity among its loyal costumers is unlike to change. In this case, it is impossible that TYR will win over the market.
All those three factors mentioned above lead to one conclusion. TYR is very likely to lose the war in UK market.
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