酒店管理学assignment之research method写作指导

酒店管理学assignment-方法论写作指导

1先要了解研究理念、方法和样本

我们进行了调查，然后进行了分析，以从我们创造的独立因素中获得研究数据。利用学生回答的信息，我们能够接受或拒绝我们的假设。本研究的主要目的是对生态旅游学生的意见和期望进行分类和测量。

2研究哲学概述

为了回答我们的研究问题，即“生态旅游如何影响旅游者”，我们必须采用演绎法。这涉及到开发一个经过检验的理论。在这种情况下，我们预测我们的理论，然后通过分发调查进行测试。通过收集数据，研究预测了我们自己的结论，因此在这种受控的环境下，调查中的问题允许我们对我们的假设作出解释。（桑德斯，刘易斯和桑希尔，2009年，第145页）。

这项研究也是在本体论方法论的帮助下完成的。这一哲学是基于现实的本质，并产生了一些问题，即研究者们对于世界如何运作以及如何致力于特定的观点和情况的问题。（Saunders等人，第131页）因此，这种方法使研究人员能够正确分析信息，并创建供他人理解的解释。

此外，为了能够通过观察现实来收集数据，并对数据进行规律性和偶然关系的搜索，从而形成归纳，采用了实证主义哲学。实证主义作为一种收集数据的研究策略，利用现有的理论来发展假设，是比较合适的。在一个假设被提出之后，它必须被检验，然后被接受或拒绝。如果这一假设被否决，将导致理论的进一步发展，这一理论有待更多研究的检验（Gill和Johnson，2010年）。

认识论也被使用，因为它关系到什么是可接受的知识在一个研究领域。（桑德斯，刘易斯和桑希尔，2009年，第132页）。为了能够利用现有的理论创造知识，我们必须首先研究知识本身的理论。在我们认识论被思考之后，我们能够通过观察现实来收集数据，并寻找规律加上我们数据的偶然关系来形成归纳，从而采用实证主义哲学。实证主义作为一种收集数据的研究策略，利用现有的理论来发展假设，是比较合适的。在一个假设被提出之后，它必须被检验，然后被接受或拒绝。如果这一假设被否决，将导致理论的进一步发展，这一理论有待更多研究的检验（Gill和Johnson，2010年）。

如前所述，使用调查媒介检索信息是获取我们希望在假设中得出结论的细节的最准确和最有效的方法。调查分为五个部分，分别是酒店设计、设施、酒店废物管理、交通和员工意识。由于每个部分的假设，我们专门针对每个部分的问题。这项调查共有84项已完成的答复。

3问卷设计

我们使用一个名为Limesurvey的软件程序进行调查，以获得本研究的结果。为了了解被采访者的信息，了解他们是否是生态旅游者，我们设置了一般性问题。我们的假设陈述分为五个部分。

问卷的第一部分与酒店设计有关。我们在本节中设置了五个问题，以了解生态酒店设计的创意是否影响生态酒店的感知。（附录7.1中的问题1至5）。第二部分主要研究酒店设施，以了解酒店是否存在与旅客对生态友好设施的认知有关的生态友好设施。（附录1中的问题6至9）第三节强调酒店废物管理，以调查选择环保型酒店与酒店环保型废物管理意识之间的关系。（附录7.1中的问题10至12）第四节是关于酒店存在的生态友好交通与对生态友好酒店的认知之间关系的交通。（附录7.1中的问题13至14）最后一节着重于员工意识教育，以表明是否对旅行者的生态旅游意识产生影响。（附录7.1中的问题15至16）

不同地区的问题旨在寻找生态旅游如何影响旅游业的证据。采用双尾配对t检验对试验结果进行了分析，所得结果来源于石灰的测定。我们把结果输出给沙发统计员。

Methodology 

1. Research philosophy, approach and sample 

This chapter first of all introduces the epistemology, methodology and research tools related to this research from the angle of research philosophy. Then, according to the research philosophy and the research objectives of this study, it puts forward the research hypothesis and designs the questionnaire. Finally it presents the questionnaire survey method and the basic situation of the samples.

2. Overview of research philosophy

Epistemology is a philosophical branch that explores the nature, origin and scope of knowledge. Epistemological theory is divided into two schools, namely the transcendental and the posterior. Transcendental theory implies knowledge derived only by reasoning (Kumar, 2014). Posterior theory refers to that acquisition and confirmation of knowledge requires experience. Posterior theory is supported in this study (Bonitsis and Brown, 1997). Therefore, this study uses the research philosophy of positivism, Positivism believes that knowledge is on the basis of natural phenomena, their properties and relations (Kumar, 2014). Information sourced from sensory experience and interpreted through reason and logic constitutes the exclusive source of all authoritative knowledge. Empirical research refers to the research carried out by researchers through collecting observation data in person to put forward theoretical hypothesis or test theoretical hypothesis (Creswell, 2003). Based on the definition of positivist study, this study first collected research related to wine consumption and took deductive research strategy, based on previous research results to put forward the research hypothesis of this study, and it was through collecting a large amount of data and analysis to confirm or overturn the research hypothesis.

Methodology refers to ways, methods that people use to observe things and deal with problems. Objectivism and structuralism are two important types of methodology. In general, worldview influences and determines types of methodology. For example, epistemology of positivism usually corresponds to methodology of objectivism. Therefore, the methodology of this study is objectivism. Methodology of objectivism believes that knowledge is the truth existing objectively, truth is manifested through natural phenomena and social phenomena, and the study of these phenomena can understand the objective reality (Saunders and Thornhill, 2007). Therefore, the research method of this study is quantitative research.

Quantitative research refers to scientific research determining the amount of certain aspects of things, it uses quantity to express problems and phenomena, it is research methods and processes which is through a large number of quantitative data analysis to get significance (Creswell, 2003). Considering from the research aim of this study, it is by collecting data of a large number of consumers’ consumption of wine, through the analysis of the data to understand the common characteristics of their consumption behavior, so the adoption of quantitative study is appropriate.

3.Questionnaire design

Quantitative research in this study is mainly through questionnaires to collect data and information. It is mainly through LimeSurvey software to design and distribute questionnaires, the questionnaires will be distributed to consumers of wine, the questionnaires will be expected to issue for about 150 copies. Content of the questionnaire is divided into three parts. It first introduces the purpose, significance of the questionnaire and method to fill with the questionnaire, it promises to the respondents that the results of the survey will not revealed personal information for commercial uses. Then the questionnaire investigates the characteristics of the respondents’ consumption behaviour of wine in order to verify or reverse the hypotheses. The third part of the questionnaire is to investigate the background information of the respondents, including their ages, genders, income, and so on. The specific contents of the questionnaire are listed in Appendix 1.

 

References

Bonitsis, T. H. and Brown, C. (1997). Quantity and quality in economic research: studies in applied business research. Ashgate Publishing Limited. 

Creswell, J. (2003). Research design: qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches. London: International Educational and Professional Publisher.

Kumar, R. (2014). Research methodology: a step-by-step guide for beginners. SAGE Publications Ltd. 

Saunders, M., Lewis, P. and Thornhill, A. (2007). Research methods for business students (4th, ed.).Essex, Pearson Education Limited.

 

Appendix 1 Questionnaire

Dear participant! 

We are implementing a study on wine consumption. Therefore, we will greatly appreciate if you can finish the following questionnaire which may take you about 10 minutes.

Your participations subject to privacy policies and will be handled anonymously. We sincerely thank you for your collaboration!

Part I In the following questions, five degrees are used to reflect your answers to each question, please tick the option that can reflect your true opinion most.

 

 

Part II General Questions:

1. Your age?

2. Your gender?

3. Have you drunken wine?

4. How often do you drink wine?

5. What about your monthly income?

6. What is your educational background?

 

Thank you for your cooperation!