英国史作业指导-英国政治史文化史作业-British history（British Political history

英国史作业指导-英国政治史文化史作业-British history（British Political history+Culture history）British history

Political history

829 wessex king love case Bert united England. 8 th century by the Danish attacks, 1016 to 1042 years for the Danish empire of pirates. The king after short-term rule in 1066, the duke of Normandy conquered England went across the sea. In 1215 king John had signed the charter, by inhibition kingship. 1338 to 1453 years Britain and France for "war of one hundred", Britain after winning first defeated. 1588 beat Spain "Armada", and sets up the seas. In 1640 the British in the first outbreak of bourgeois revolution, become the pioneer of bourgeois revolution. On 19 May 1649, announced the creation of republic of China. The restoration of the dynasty in 1660, happened in 1668 "the glorious revolution", confirm the constitutional monarchy. In 1707, England and Scotland in 1801, and with the Irish mergers.

18 (superscript th) century to the nineteenth century, has become the first complete state of the industrial revolution. The 19 th century was the heyday of the British empire, 1914 years of colonial possession than native 111 times, is the first colonial powers, who calls himself ", do not fall empire ". The first world war ii began to decline. British LanJun Northern Ireland, set up in 1920, and in 1921 to 1922 years from its rule allows southern Ireland and formed an independent country. Westminster legislation passed in 1931, was forced to admit that its hand in the domestic and foreign independence, the British colonial empire system since then moved. The second world war ii weakens the economic strength, political position drop. With the 1947 India and Pakistan have independent, to the s, the British empire colonial system to collapse. In January 1973 to join European Union.

Britain is the world of the 19 th century industrial power, Marine overlord, with its advanced navigation technology and JianChuanLiBao everywhere in colonial expansion, the rule in overseas regional throughout Europe, Asia, America, Africa, Australia, in its peak period, the British empire was once the control a quarter of the world territory, known as the "day not fall empire". The British empire through the crazy colonial expansion, a large number of other search of wealth, the increased economic prosperity, dominate the world, was the largest country in the world influence.

The 19 th century, the United States, Germany and other countries economic rise, British gradually lose the advantage in the next two world war ii Britain suffered a severe blow, national strength down sharply. Overseas in world war ii in the colonies also after the declaration of independence. The British empire gradually evolved into a loose organization of the British commonwealth.

Culture history

(1) the medieval literature (about 5 th century-1485) English original literature with other countries the original literature, is not written, but spoken. Stories and legends orally, and in telling the constantly in processing, expand, and finally the writing is. The 5 th century, anglian, Saxon, jutes three Germanic tribes started from Denmark, and now the Dutch area ingoing Britain. Anglo-Saxon times left us with Old English literary works, the most important one is the bei Mr WuFu "(Beowulf), it is considered to be the nation's epic. "The Olympic WuFu" tells the hero WuFu bell cut demon in addition to evil, and to fight the dragon story, has the myth legend. This work is drawn from Germanic folk tales, with Anglo-Saxon invasion into Britain today, now what we see of poetry is the early eighth century by England poets write decide, at the time, the British are in the middle ages pagan society to Christian culture as the leading to new social transition period. Therefore, the bei Mr WuFu "also reflect the 7, 8 th century British life style, present a new and old way of life mixed, with clan period of heroism and feudal period of ideal, reflected the Christian Germanic culture and Christian culture two different traditions.

(2) the Renaissance literature (15 late s-17 th century) relative to other European countries for, Britain's Renaissance starting late, usually think is in the 15 th century. The Renaissance period of the formation of thought system known as humanism, it insists that it is with the person this, against the middle ages to god as the center of the world, promote positive enterprising, enjoy the life happy life ideal. English Renaissance is the most outstanding writer William Shakespeare (the empty vessels make 1564-1616), all his works include two long poem, 154 sonnets and 38 department (said of 39) drama. Shakespeare's major plays a comedy "a midsummer night's dream" (a midsummer night 's dream), and "the merchant of Venice" (the merchant of Venice), tragedy "romeo and Juliet" (romeo and Juliet), Hamlet (Hamlet), Othello (Othello), king Lear (king Lear), "Macbeth" (Macbeth), historical dramas "Henry iv" (Henry iv), the legend drama "the storm" (the leakag, etc.

(3) the enlightenment literature (17 centuries later-18 centuries metaphase) prose appear prosperity, a basic prose style in the new classical aesthetic principles on top. Jonathan swift, (Jonathan swift, 1667-1745) is the greatest English literature of irony prose writer, his style simple easy and strong. Swift's masterpiece gulliver's travels (gulliver 's travels) is a very charismatic children's story, at the same time embodies profound ideological content. Daniel Defoe (Daniel Defoe, 1660-1731) "Crusoe (Robinson Crusoe) adopt a realistic approach, show his life on a lonely island, created a bourgeois Portland and colonialists image, with time spirit. James Thomson (James Thomson, 1700-1748) of the "four seasons song" (the seasons), William Collins (William Collins, 1721-1759) of the evening, "ode (ode to evening), Thomas gray (Thomas gray, 1716-1771) of the cemetery lamentation" (elegy written in a country churchyard) expression to the state of the tumultuous times poet disgusting and to "natural simple arrangement" yearning, confesses their feelings. British poetry began to move away from the bondage of the neoclassicism, rational advantage position

(4) the romantic literature (1798-1832) of the 18 th century, 19 century, British style big change. Scottish farmers poet Robert burns (Robert burns, 1759-1796) British poets to bring a breath of fresh air. George Gordon byron (George Gordon byron, 1788-1824) and posey than he, Shelley (Percy bysshe Shelley, 1792-1822) belong to the revolutionary poet, but byron showing strong consciousness, and Shelley deeply influence Platonic philosophy, look forward to the ideal of beauty and philosophy. John Keats (John Keats, 1795-1821) life to pursue America, is to create art beauty genius poet. The 1820 s, Keats, Shelley and byron have died young, British romantic poetry from strong to the weak, the wind gradually failure.

(5) realism literature

"Pride and prejudice" (pride and prejudice), "Emma" (Emma) works involve marriage, love, family and property, novel structure compact, dialogues wit, language humor implicative, intriguing. Bronte sisters in the 19 th century British literaay history unique position. Charlotte Bronte, (charlotte Bronte, 1816-1855) "Jane eyre" (Jane eyre) is a story about the heroine of male dominance to overcome all kinds of pressing social women get our own independent growth last novel, romantic love story behind the contains serious thoughts content, the 20 th century by feminist critics of all ages. Emily bront (Emily Bronte, 1818-1848) imagine strange, wuthering heights comments not by indirect narrative about a deep and eternal love, novel haggard with civilization, romantic and reality contrast, has a mystical terrorist colour. Anne Bronte (Anne Bronte, 1820-1849) in "Jane eyre" and "wuthering heights in 1847 was also published novel, Agnes, of" grey's anatomy "(Agnes grey). George Eliot (George Eliot, 1819-1880) is Mary Ann • Evans (Mary Ann Evans) pen name, the talented 19 century is realistic novel real representative.

Economic history

The new air route opened up, the British in the world shipping center online, business, foreign trade prosperity, and the development of the enclosure movement, capitalism, in industry, agriculture and development. The new air route opened up, the UK as the Atlantic ocean shipping center, the rapid development of it industry, build manual workshop. And expand into coal, iron, etc.

The tudors encourages the development of industry and commerce and overseas exploitation. In 1588 the British began to establish a hegemony, colonial rob then rise up, together with the enclosures, primitive accumulation of capital and generous handicraft workshops, capitalism agriculture developed. Enclosure movement of agriculture is a capitalist reform campaign, it makes the land ownership and management way change. The development of agriculture, the primitive accumulation of capital, also has produced thousands of free labor. Push the British the development of capitalism.

英国史作业指导The overseas trade, colonial rob, and slaves trading is 16 century British businessman overseas activities, the major content of the original to the accumulation of capital. To meet the development of the industry and the needs of the bourgeoisie, and by establishing a colonial, semi-colonial way, conquers raw material origin, expand the commodity market. Such as: in the middle of the nineteenth century entire possession of India, Singapore occupation; China's two launched the invasion of the opium war, GeZhan Hong Kong, China began to a semi-colonial; In Australia, according to Australia and New Zealand; In Africa, British forces into Egypt; In Latin America, to a new country has economic aggression.

In the 1760 s to the 1840 to complete the industrial revolution, the big machines replaced handicraft workshops, Britain has become the first industrialized countries. In the middle of the nineteenth century in the world industrial in the habitat monopoly position. The second industrial revolution, the financial industry is still important and capital output of the world first alu minium wheels, but the industrial development behind virtue.#p#分页标题#e#

British world war one by all countries into a net debtor. London is no longer the only financial center. 1924 years later began to recover. After the second world war, relied on the United States aid the economic recovery, add to the "ec".

The 19 th century, the United States, Germany and other countries economic rise, British gradually lose the advantage in the next two world war ii Britain suffered a severe blow, national strength down sharply. Overseas in world war ii in the colonies also after the declaration of independence. The British empire gradually evolved into a loose organization of the British commonwealth.

英国史作业指导The modern British economic prosperity, is the biggest Western Europe one of capitalist economy. UK agriculture is relatively concentrated, mechanization degree is high, efficiency and amazing, 1% of the working population is about 60% of the food can meet the need. Britain has a great deal of coal, gas and oil reserves; Britain's main energy production accounted for about 10% of GDP, banking, insurance and the largest proportion of GDP for services, and the importance of industry is declining in the modern American economic development to outshine others, the comprehensive national strength is strengthened, and the rest. Especially in recent years on the Asian countries, Britain in the status of world economic development are under the intense impact. But no matter how, as a traditional economic industrial power is also one of the permanent member of the UN security council of Britain, in the process of development of the world economy still plays an important role.