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英国教育硕士论文指导专业学位教育：现状、特色与经验 British education for the master degree education: the status quo, characteristics and experience Abstract: from the degree, the training goal, set admission standards and evaluation methods, professional direction, training method, curriculum setting, graduate thesis, teachers, etc., this paper introduces the British Education for the master degree of education present situation and analyzes its characteristics and experience, and to improve our education of master degree of education has the certain enlightenment significance. Keywords: professional degree education; Education master: Britain A UK education, master degree of education of the status quo (a) a master's degree in education in Britain degree system in the position Britain's degree system is divided into a bachelor's, master's and doctoral 3 administrative levels. Education is a master of the master of education a special parts. According to the students' training objectives and the difference of process, etc. British Master is divided into Research the Master (Master by Research) and course ma (Master by Taught) two kinds big. before Through the scientific research get a degree, purpose is to develop advanced scientific research personnel; The latter is mainly through the course to finish school, put emphasis on practical ability of the students. In Britain, the colleges and universities study A classification system, degree awarding of graduate student training types and different ways. But in general. Master of philosophy (M.P hil. And social/education research the master (M.R es.) belong to the collection of the study Then the; The MSC (M.S c.) and master of literature (M.A.) between master and course study between the master, but prefer to study master; Education master (M.E d.) belong to master of course. To fix Courses mainly credits. Many institutions of higher learning education college were from a master's degree in education. At the same time also offers master of philosophy or collection of the neo-confucianism ten degrees. According to the length of schooling, credit requirements and ease the difference in such aspects, the master graduate student of English education is divided into three levels of progression of graduate students (Postgraduate certificate Certificate. PgCert), graduate Diploma (Postgraduate Diploma, PgDip) and a master's degree. In the credit requirements, graduate certificate is equivalent to a master's degree in l / 3, study Graduate students equivalent of 213 master's degree diploma. In Britain the colleges and universities, the master of education training schools and departments and professional is set commonly graduate certificate and graduate student degree. Or to the cultivation of the independent Project. Or as a stage of learning to stop learning students proof. From level, the British education master's graduate students and graduate diploma certificate above, below the doctor of philosophy (Ph. D.) and education Ph.D. (Ed. D.), get a master's degree in education can be The Ph.D. Degree (Ph. D.) or (Ed. D.). From the category, the education is the master for educators set of on-the-job degree, in the admission requirements, cultivating mode, the training goal of party The particularity and make it different from education field MSC and master of philosophy. (2) the training goal In Britain. Education master belong to teachers and other education personnel) part of the professional development, the recruit students object basically is the education of on-the-job worker. Such as, Newcastle university is clear The education of the master's programs the service target location to the teachers, the school leader, and the school middle managers, education adviser, education administration officials. Thus. For teachers and other education personnel to provide professional development opportunities will become education for the master degree of basic education pursuit. However, due to the master of education training various universities not only stand up in Local needs. And in combination with the characteristics of the strength and pursuing his own characteristics. So the training goal there was some differences. For example, Cambridge university in education master program focuses on the obvious Education of scientific research consciousness and ability training and learning through make learners: (1) get teaching, learning, management, the relevant knowledge, and to further understanding. (2) able to apply academic research Investigate method to analyze the education practice and education problem. (3) the education research methods used to. Can distinguish the value of education research results. (4) to critically read education research literature. (5) Have the education scientific research achievements of paper needed to practice ability, and ability of organization and speaking skills. 6 can understand their professional development, to study the work practice and personal goal meaning shut. Newcastle University education master program to promote the students' professional development is the core. Pay attention to improve the students' professional quality and the related aspects of quality, the training goal involved the content especially Extensive. Specific include: (1) through has the motivational and challenging learning experiences, promote the students' personal, professional and academic aspects of development. (2) improve the students' professional quality through. Make students From education theories and ideas to the perspective of evolution, from the point of view of the perspective of age and education and related explain, analysis the problems of field. (3) make the student to be able to education theory is applied in education Practice and education research in, through the research to improve their professional level. (4) so that the students can select the most appropriate method and the frame analysis education problem. Research. Find out the solution to the problem of do Method. (5) in personal development and to improve the students' professional development of the learning ability, professional ability and interpersonal communication ability. Obviously, although each college education of the master training target has a difference, but there are many more general pursuit. Thus. On the whole British education can be the master of culture A goal generalized: through the degree of the process of a learning and training. Develop student's field of vision. Improve the students' education theoretical level, they will guide education theory and practice, and the combination of Cultivate their education problem analysis ability and the ability of independent work in scientific research. Finally enhance their professional quality and education, teaching and management level. British education master the goal of training Both the theory and practice, scientific research, etc, but and research and education master the training goal of dr compared. Education master's more stress to the learners education practice of the ability, has the bright The significant practicality, application and professional. (3) admission standards and evaluation method In Britain, the education master's qualification for entrance examination not take unified exam when the way. In order to determine whether the applicant has a master's degree in education of the interests and potential. Recruit students unit requirements The applicant submit registration and examination materials, generally includes work experience proved by education experience demonstrates, and recommendation letter. Part of the colleges in material audit organization will after the interview. The master of education in Britain Learn standard mainly focus on the following two aspects. 1. To the applicant by education experience requirements Although the university to the specific requirements of different. But overall, with a bachelor's degree is an honor for study for a master's degree in education the necessary condition. The part such as Glasgow university college or even For applicants to level 1 honorary degrees, and this is the education master's set up high the entrance requirements; Also have individual school rules, if the applicant's experience as the standard required. namely Make no honorary degree also can abnormality entrance. In addition, some major also to the applicant by the education experience has the special requirements. Be like, in Birmingham university, albeit with a bachelor's degree in common Can apply for to study for a master's degree in education. But bilingual education professional requires level 1 an honorary degree. And autism treatment need more applicants have professional at least two years of related professional postgraduate study Learning experience. 2. Work experience requirements to the applicant British education master is mainly for the teachers and education management on-the-job personnel set degree. So professional qualification and experience will become education master's admission examination within the important Let. Most of the regulation of the school, the applicant must have 2 years working experience, also have the school rules for 1 year. Does not have the professional qualification for education in the field of candidates could only other master's#p#分页标题#e# A, and can't study for a master's degree in education. For example, of the university of Glasgow education institute also awarded a master of science (M.S c.) and education master (M.E d.) two master's degree. Only a The teacher qualification and experience of teaching students can pursue a master's degree in education, and a master of science degree in teachers' qualification and no requirement. (4) professional direction Because the British education of college education by the master training institute is responsible, thus in the professional direction on education in the setting of the original basis of professional college. Overall, the various institutions of teaching Yukon master major setting agile diversity, does not have uniform standard, but the basic can be summarized as of the following categories: education research, education management, teaching and learning, and special education, psychology, etc. An example Such as, Glasgow university education college education master is divided into three major: education inclusive education, research, English teaching. Exeter university offers three professional: creative art, special Special education needs, foreign English education. Newcastle university set education leadership and management, education, education and inclusive information technology, the international development and education, psychology and study only five Industry. Bristol university education and consultation, in addition to set education management-policy development inclusive education, special education, math education, education psychology six direction, but also be individual Design scheme (Individually Constructed Programme). Students can not according to the existing six direction and arrangement of the curriculum plan assiduously study degree, allow students according to their own needs And the provisions of the relevant to choose to study of the course. (5) cultivation mode In training on the way. British education master has full-time, part-time and distance education 3 kinds. In the education of the basic system master, most colleges and universities regulation, full-time to 1 Years, part-time for 3 years. Among them. Glasgow university education master basic for part of the time, system of learning for 12 years, the longest must not exceed 5 years, individual professional requirement full-time off-job learn Xi, eductional systme 1 year. In contrast, Birmingham university and Aberdeen university education master program the way is more flexible, divided into full-time, part-time. Part of the professional can pass Far palea network for learning. At Cambridge university, master of education for all part-time. This is a collection of the ten different from education master of philosophy of a fundamental characteristics. Cambridge university education college training philosophy Learn ten and education master collection of the two kinds of master graduate student, both in the study contents, the assessment standards, etc are consistent. Among them, the full-time learners' learning 1 year, master's degree in philosophy: the part The study between two years. Weekly centralism teaching a general for 2 ~ 7), graduation was awarded a master's degree in education. However, in Newcastle university in most universities UK, teaching Master of education with other master in system and no obvious difference. (6) courses British education master belong to course for the master's degree. To learn the main course, must finish the stipulation the credits to get a degree. According to the credit standards. British education master courses for 11 level Level. Get a master's degree in education need 180 credits, to practice a course can get 15 credits. 1. The phases of course In Britain. Most of the schools are in graduate certificate, diploma for graduate education training education on the basis of the master's degree. Thus, the master of education curriculum has the obvious stage. students Complete a certain stage of course of study. Can obtain corresponding certificate or diploma. For example, in Aberdeen university education master program. To practice four course module can obtain a graduate certificate, To practice eight course module can obtain a graduate degree, to practice 12 course module can obtain a master's degree in education. Glasgow university regulations. To practice 60 credits stop studying, can obtain a graduate certificate: to practice 120 credits stop learning, can get graduate diploma. 2. The structure of the course In Britain, the master of education courses required courses and generally fall into two parts. Some schools and the required course into common core courses (all professional direction common required courses) and professional nuclear Heart class (for the professional courses in the obligatory course). In addition to the graduation thesis, course learning need to gain 120 credits, which accounts for about 15 to 30 elective credits. Although elective courses and professional core courses by In professional differences and great difference, but most schools are the education scientific research ability training as an important part of the core class together. Such as, Newcastle university require all study for a master's education A the students wanted to practice study design and methods lesson; The Glasgow university education research theory and contemporary education problem BBS as education college all common core of master graduate student class; o Aberdeen university education scientific research method and class will graduation thesis is connected, as the master of education required link. Glasgow university education for the master degree education in Scotland and England dishes, the course structure is clear, has the certain representation. Glasgow university education for the master's degree Of each professional need to learn the course, divided into professional core courses, specialized elective course, common core class three parts. According to the regulation, to get a master's degree in education, the courses of the average grade is not Lower than C, scores of course for E shall not exceed 25% of the total, every student can get an opportunity to rebuild. (7) graduation thesis British education graduate students need to write, submit papers or graduation design, or can't get a degree. Graduation thesis topic selection will contact the work practice of the reader I attack. And tries Solve practical problem. Graduation thesis general requirement 15000 ~ 20000 words, can be obtained after the completion of the 60 credits. Equivalent to meditate 4 courses. In most schools. Course learning and graduation thesis is phase To the independent two links. However. There are some schools began to try both together. So. The current English education master's graduation thesis link has two kinds of forms. 1. The twisted all course separation At Newcastle university, Glasgow university and other institutions, students in the course after learning into paper link. In writing papers period, the school will no longer offer any course. Students on Independent research, and with teachers regular one-to-one communication. Teachers want to student's thesis, choice of research method and writing process for guidance. 2. The papers and course combined In some other schools. Students' education scientific research methods, training process of graduation thesis writing process be integrated into the course of study. School graduation thesis writing will be set to a subject. if Aberdeen university, with optional required five course outside, the school offers a class 6: graduate thesis or graduation project. This class tightly around the students graduate thesis writing requirements and procedures organization class Cheng content, its content including literature retrieval and review, and research the proposing of the goal of the research plan, design, the choice of methods, data collection and finishing, writing and publishing, etc. In the end of the course. Students to submit this class the course assignments, and completing a degree thesis or graduation project. (8) guidance teachers In Britain, the guidance of teachers education master general by a faculty of academic research personnel as. According to the teacher's responsibility and the division of labor, students can be summarized as the guidance way Two forms: 1. A single teacher form For example, at Cambridge university, students after school, the school education college of management personnel specified education college is a scientific research personnel as the students the guidance of teachers. Teachers to prison Zadok, guiding students learning process of the course. Is also responsible for students direction of the graduation thesis, and professor certain course. 2. Double teachers form for example, in Glasgow university. Each education master's equipped with two teachers: (1) course teachers. After the students, education institute for each student assigned a Name teachers, responsible for the selection, and operation of class provide guidance. (2) the thesis guidance teachers. By the end of the course. Education college students according to submit papers selected topic and study design feeling For students in teacher assigned papers. Second, British education master's degree education features and experience British education for the master degree education system is complete, the characteristics and development experience has the certain enlightenment meaning and reference value. (a) focus on demand and quality, avoid blind development Education is a master's degree in the 1990 s before and after a new degree there. Set in the beginning, people for this kind of degree will lead to the spread of whether degree and depreciation is worried. and#p#分页标题#e# And. In some countries, because of a master's degree in education system in education has not been perfect and improve the eager to expand education before the master of scale. Indeed in the quantity and quality of the large gap between asked Problem. By comparison. In the development scale and speed, the British education for the master degree education by the social demand orientation. Also strive to ensure that education quality. So its development is particularly cautious. To Cambridge university as the example, Cambridge university and a master's in education in training. To the requirements of the quality of the are quite strict. At Cambridge university education institute. Education master's assessment standards, paper requirements and master of philosophy (M.P hil.) the same basic. In addition, university of Cambridge On the one hand with Britain as the master of other universities education as a master's training course. On the other hand but try to master the way to develop the training education for the master's degree. Obviously, Cambridge To learn and master of education belong to education because no professional degree in education and quality requirements to relax. In contrast, Cambridge university, master of education of the number and scale doesn't emphasize. In 1995, for the first time at Cambridge university awarded a master's degree in education 35 people. In 1995 ~ 2005, awarded a master's degree in education each year of the highest number for 57 people (1996), the minimum for 25 People (2001) a year on average, awarded 44.6 people, fast growth, the number is not much. In the same period, of the university of Cambridge master's degree in philosophy of relatively stable development, 1995 ~ 2005 years of growth 1.6 times. However, the same professional degree education is the MBA education in the same period of development is very quickly, from 1995 years of 18 people increased to 2005 in 105. Growth for nearly four times. Master of philosophy education and with the development of the MBA education than. Cambridge university education for the master degree education development slightly delayed. This and many national education master's rules Mold the rapid expansion of conditions to form bright contrast. But it just shows, the British education for the master degree education development is not to pursue quantity size and growth as the goal, the quality and the club Will demand is Cambridge university education master of the scale of the development. (2) with complete degree system and cultivation mechanism British education for the master degree education started more early, formed a comparatively perfect degree system and the training mechanism, and the specific reflect in the following two aspects: 1. A master's degree in education in Britain degree positioning of the system Clear from horizontal said. In Britain, the education for the master degree education mainly in the field of education is to cultivate application-oriented talents. Improve on-the-job education workers ability of practice. This clear Positioning make it and research master to distinguish, and also in the field of education M.A Msc. And the degree of lay particular stress on research to distinguish. Longitudinal said, master's degree in education under graduate certificate and has developed Graduate students diploma two levels. On the doctor's degree. This kind of system and cohesion. On the one hand for those who cannot directly study for a master's degree in education of education practitioners provides a transitional phase, the other On the one hand also for part of the teacher provide further study and the opportunity to learn. 2. In education master program each link of the process of forming a complete mechanism The British education master recruit students object is the author of the incumbent education. In the admission review, work experience and learning experience is the focus of the audit content and has strict requirements. Thus the Card for education graduate students with the necessary basic quality and development potential. British education master's professional Settings vary. For tapping the reader offers a wide range of choice. Curriculum is based on Training practice ability, scientific research ability for pointing. By the obligatory course and course structure composed of elective course for students to keep the necessary autonomy. Education master's graduation thesis in the selected topic on request Contact the fourth for readers to attack the practice, and strive to solve practical problems. Individual schools will also graduation thesis and course combined, not only ensure the education master the quality of the thesis, also be helpful for students Scientific research ability of the students. (3) in training to pursue diversity, avoid convergence Diversity is a master of education training a basic demand, is also the British education for the master degree of education is an important feature. In Britain. Although not all universities have education A master's degree in architecture. But education master program the number of agencies still considerable. And the British education administrative system of decentralized give to the college a high degree of autonomy, the education master culture Have to have the premise for variety. Not only has the school education master program project, and education master program the types of projects. British education master of professional direction varied, no unified mode. both Teaching, the management of the professional direction to meet the general demand. Also there are for special needs and didn't buy art, education consultation, education technology, special education and related major. In education master's The goal of training. Various universities from local needs and the advantage of oneself start, each has its own characteristics. Cambridge university takes to improve the education of the master's degree of scientific research ability; To put forward the university of Glasgow Out to develop the in-service teacher's reflection ability, has the obvious practical: Newcastle university emphasizes to improve the students' professional quality as the core of the comprehensive quality, such as professional ability, learning what ability To interpersonal communication ability. Although the UK education for the master degree education has obvious characteristic and the experience for reference. But there is also some unavoidable issue. In education master program, the ideal Teachers configuration should be the researchers and education practice the theory of experts in the field of combined. In Britain, whether course link or text link precincts. A master's degree in education to the cultivation of the readers by tapping completely high The teacher education institute and other institutions responsible for, ignore the practice field the participation of experts. In this case, even if the master of education training to improve the students' emphasis on practical ability, the effect will be To influence. Second, the students in teacher's choice a lack of autonomy. In the university of Cambridge, university of Glasgow, colleges and universities, education master to the guidance of teachers by the college management personnel in charge Appointed, ignore the students and teachers of two-way choice between. This for the student to obtain effective guidance is unfavorable. Services, teachers title paper material, |
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