|
Accountability
accountable & responsible
韦氏字典对accountability的定义是这样的：“Subject to having to report, explain, or justify; being answerable, responsible.”
据此而言，如果你负有当责，你是要能：
report：适时报告进度，与成果（或并没达成的成果）给适当的人
explain：知道事件的前因后果、来龙去脉，也愿意说明
justify：判别事情的轻重缓急、利害得失，具有响应自己、别人、环境并完成任务的能力
being answerable：即，说明理由；其中精义，将留待本书最后“结语”中，做完整说明
韦氏字典的解释中也提到了responsible（负责），因此，有人认为不要钻牛角尖了，accountability与responsibility基本上是同义—— 早期的管理观念，或文学意义上，responsibility就是“负责任”，因此甚至涵盖了accountability；都是负责就不必分彼此、不宜分轩轾；但，现在，时势所趋，两者的责任广度与深度已有很大不同，accountable的人的责任已涵盖了 responsible的人了。
====================================================
cultural capital 文化资本
redbrick university
(British informal) a provincial British university of relatively recent founding; distinguished from Oxford University and Cambridge University
sandwich course
课堂教学与工作实践相结合的课程any of several courses consisting of alternate periods of study and industrial work
Access Fund
The British education system
The UK has a long history of welcoming international students to study in its universities and colleges.
Over 300,000 international students from 180 different countries are currently studying in British higher education.
UK universities provide internationally recognised qualifications and teaching standards in the UK are among the best in the world.
Introduction to the British education system
The education system in the UK is different to that in many other countries.
At the age of 16, British children take General Certificate of Secondary Education (GCSE) examinations.
Students then transfer to studying A-Levels which last for two years and qualify them for entry to university.
Students tend to specialise in these courses and often study for three or four A-Levels.
This means that degrees do not last as long in the UK as other countries.
Types of degree
Undergraduate
An undergraduate degree normally takes three years to complete but can take longer if they include an industrial placement, an additional subject or a year abroad. They are also specialised from Year One.
Types of undergraduate degree include:
• BSc (Bachelor of Science) - a science degree
• BA (Bachelor of Arts) - an arts degree
• BEng (Bachelor of Engineering) - an engineering degree
• Undergraduate Masters degree (e.g. MEng) - an enhanced four year undergraduate degree including extra subjects studied at a deeper level
Postgraduate
Students who receive good grades in their undergraduate degrees may choose to take a Masters degree, which takes a minimum of one year to complete.
Types of Masters degree include:
• MSc (Master of Science)
• MA (Master of Arts)
• MEd (Master of Education)
• LLM (Master of Law)
• MBA (Master of Business Administration)
Taught Masters degrees
Taught Masters usually involve six months of intensive tuition followed by six months of project work which ends with a dissertation.
Masters degrees by research (MPhil)
Research degrees involve at least one year, sometimes more, of full-time research resulting in an examined thesis.
PhD
If you would like to continue to study for a PhD, you will have to conduct a minimum of two years' research after the award of your MSc.
In some subject areas, a student may transfer from BSc/BA/BEng to PhD so that they follow a three year research programme for PhD without first obtaining a Masters degree.
Applied Linguistics MA
|
