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GOOD SCHOLARSHIP, REFERENCING AND ACADEMIC
MISCONDUCT
在你的论文中，所有的学术工作中，您将表现出很高的标准
学术引用。总括来说，这是有三个原因：
1。要显示进行研究的广度和深度
2。为了显示使读者能够跟进的有趣的想法你已经进行了讨论研究，
3。为了避免被指责抄袭。
In your dissertation, as with all academic work you will be expected to demonstrate a high standard
of academic referencing. To recap, this is for three reasons:
1. To show the breadth and depth of research you have carried out
2. To enable the reader to follow up on interesting ideas/ research that you have discussed
3. To avoid being accused of plagiarism.
8.1 What is good scholarship? What is plagiarism?
Academics (including you!) are engaged in the generation of new knowledge and insights that
contribute to what we already know about the natural, supernatural and social world – this is called
‘scholarship’. Good scholarship is the result of conventions that help the readers of academic
research to see exactly what is new, what is the work of others and how it all fits together – the
main way this is done is through the referencing system.
In the academic context, plagiarism is generally understood to mean the use and citing of the words,
scientific results, inventions or ideas of others and presenting them as one’s own, without due
reference to or acknowledgement of the author, whether the author is a researcher, journalist or
another student. Sources may be many and varied and wilwww.ukassignment.com l include the spoken word, printed text,
data or text held electronically on a database or accessed via the Internet. Put simply, authors
(including you!) need to add a citation after every idea or set of ideas they write about that are not
their own. Thus you need to reference any idea that comes from another source, not just direct
quotes. There are several different ways of doing this, and at the School of Management we use the
Harvard Referencing System.
The Library has a web page about Bibliographic Referencing at
http://www.surrey.ac.uk/library/subject/bibref/.
There is also a new page on Learning Skills at
http://libweb.surrey.ac.uk/library/skills/learningskills.html which includes some useful links for
plagiarism.
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There is also a ULearn module called ‘Plagiarism and referencing: A guide for students’ which
contains a wealth of useful information.
Be advised that all dissertations are put through a plagiarism detection service, which in the past has
detected plagiarism from academic sources, the internet, other students in Surrey, and students in
other academic institutions. The University takes plagiarism very seriously, and has strict penalties.
Through the ULearn module above, you have the opportunity to submit your work through Turnitin
® for checking before you submit your dissertation.
8.2 What do I reference?
As the above section suggests, you should attribute all your sources regardless of the medium the
material comes in (eg: You Tube video, journal article, blog, radio programme, book chapter etc.)
There is a general rule of thumb that says that which is ‘common knowledge’ does not need to be
referenced, but it can be difficult to define common knowledge. If it is common knowledge, there
are usually numerous sources supporting this, so use them! It is also a good idea to completely
avoid cutting and pasting text from the Internet, even if you correctly enclose a paragraph in
quotation marks and add the reference underneath, you are very unlikely to get many marks since
this is not your own work and does not demonstrate your understanding.
Quotations are good to see, when appropriate, but use them judiciously for the above reasons. If you
can say it just as well yourself, write it in your own words and integrate it into your text, adding the
citation at the end of the sentence/ passage.
8.3 Avoiding plagiarism
In writing your dissertation, you may often be working with ideas and terms which are not familiar
to you. This can lead to the temptation to ‘lift’ words or sections of text from books or other
sources. Your supervisor must be able to see your own thought processes, copying from the text
suggests you cannot use the ideas yourself, and thus a lack of understanding. Supervisors are
familiar with differences between the writing style of students and experienced authors.
Plagiarism, whether intentional or unintentional, is a form of cheating, as a result of which an
individual gains or seeks to gain an unfair academic advantage. It includes the use of another
author’s words verbatim, summarising or paraphrasing another person’s argument or line of
thinking, or use of a particularly apt phrase, without proper attribution.
Tips for avoiding ‘unintentional’ plagiarism:
• Don’t cut and paste from the web
• Don’t copy notes from sources word for word – reword at the time you are reading the
material (this also helps your understanding)
• Fully reference your notes as you go, including page numbers if applicable
• Use several sources in your writing, this minimises the reliance on any one author and
reduces the risk of accidentally leaving passages unreferenced.
• Run a draft of your work through the Turnitin software available on ULearn to check any
problematic areas. A tutorial is also available on the ULearn to help you understand how to
do this, and how to interpret your report.
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8.4 What happens if I am accused of plagiarism?
It is unacceptable to the University of Surrey that any student registered with the University or one
of its Associated Institutions for an award of the University should cheat in order to gain themselves
an academic advantage. The University will penalise any student who is found to have cheated in
accordance with its Regulations for the Conduct of Examinations and Other Forms of Assessment
(see your Student Handbook for details).
If an allegation of plagiarism arises, you will be offered an opportunity to defend your work (which
may include bringing all your notes and other materials used to write your dissertation) to a panel
convened for the purpose. This panel will recommend action to the next Board of Examiners.
Penalties for academic misconduct, including plagiarism, extend from reducing marks to zero for
the assessment in question (for a first offence) through to termination of your studies for repeated
offences, and you will not be able to repeat your work and receive your Masters degree.
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9.0 APPENDICES
APPENDIX A: DISSERTATION MARKING FORM – EXAMPLE FOR STUDENTS
School of Management#p#分页标题#e#
University of Surrey
DISSERTATION MARK SHEET
Supervisor Copy / Examiner Copy (please delete as appropriate)
Student Name
Course
Dissertation Title
Supervisor Name
Internal Examiner Name
CRITERIA MARKS
1. Originality and Relevance
For example: originality and creativity; relevance; thoroughness and coherence of
literature review; critical evaluation of extant theory and research; identification of
research problem, etc.
/20
2. Structure, Argument and Focus
For example: clarity and definition of research objectives; use of an appropriate
conceptual framework; continuity of themes; logical development; internal logic of
arguments; use of evidence to support arguments, etc.
/20
3. Methodology and Findings
For example: critical evaluation of available research approaches and methods; selection
of methodology appropriate to research objectives; selection of analytical techniques
appropriate to data collected; quality of results obtained and relevance to research
/25
questions, etc.
4. Insight and Understanding
For example: analysis, critical evaluation and application (rather than mere description);
interpretation of results; justifiability of conclusions; recognition of limitations;
implications for management practice; suggestions for future research, etc.
/25
5. General Presentation
For example: abstract; style, structure and layout; appropriate use of tables, diagrams,
appendices; correct referencing, etc.
/10
TOTAL MARK /100
COMMENTS
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Please record your comments on the dissertation, such that the basis of your mark is evident. For
failed dissertations, indicate the major weaknesses that the student should attempt to address in
any subsequent submission. Please continue on a separate sheet if necessary.
MARK (%)
Signature of Supervisor / Examiner
Date
Rationale for the agreed mark
Note: the examiners should give a rationale for the agreed mark if the mark difference is
more than 10% or the marks cross degree classifications. If the examiners can not agree
on a mark the dissertation should be sent to a 3rd marker. The mark of the third marker
is final.
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APPENDIX B – ‘Assessment words’ explained
Please refer to the following notes to ensure you fully understand the criteria your work will be
assessed against (see also Section 6.1 ‘contents’).
Descriptive
Work which is labelled ‘descriptive’ simply gives the reader information that communicates what
the topic or issue is about. It usually means you have just restated what others’ have said about the
subject and often reads like a list of points or statements. Work which contains too much
description will attract lower marks even if it is correctly referenced.
Critical
Writing critically does not necessarily mean being negative! A critical reading of something means
to ask questions about the information you are using so that your text includes more information
than was in the original source. When you are reading, ask yourself ‘why did the author write this?’,
‘what are they trying to prove?’ ‘who benefits?’, ‘so what?’ ‘how is this similar or different to what
I have read before?’ ‘do I agree with this? – why? or why not?’– this will give you good grounding
for writing a more critical account of the material you include in your dissertation. Critical writing
attracts higher marks because it shows what you think about the topic in question based on logical
thought and the use of different authors’ perspectives on the topic.
Analysis
An analysis is the result of critical writing. It means that you have ‘pulled apart’ what you’ve read
to find its strengths, weaknesses, importance or error in relation to your research problem and
reformulated this as a thorough brainstorm of an issue from different angles, not just the one you
find most persuasive (although you can certainly give different interpretations different emphasis).
Discussion
Once you have critically analysed several issues, the next step is to evaluate the relative importance
of each with regard to your research problem. Evaluation is usually hinted at throughout the main
body of the text and then more fully undertaken in the discussion and conclusion. Evaluation always
implies criteria to evaluate against – eg: if you are saying something is important, you need to say
how, why and for whom. It will also involve comparing and contrasting your findings with existing
literature. Evaluation is usually closely related to application.
#p#分页标题#e#
Application
业务问题是其本质。他们真正关心的是员工，产品，
地点和事物。你需要证明你是知道的，你的评价可能会影响
工作和组织上的“真实”世界。
Business problems are by their very nature applied. They concern real industries, people, products,
places and things. You need to show that you are aware of the ways your evaluations might impact
on the ‘real’ world of work and organization.
Range of sources
You are expected to have read a variety of different types of material and this should be reflected in
your reference list. You are expected to draw your academic material from high quality peer-
reviewed journal articles and use reputable trade sources for your industry information. Broad sheet
newspapers, quality news media, professional organizations, government sources and so on are all
potentially valuable sources too. There are occasions where you may need to glean information
from more ‘popular’ sources (eg: for really new social or technological phenomena or for a
‘public’s eye’ view of things) but before you use them, ask yourself ‘does this organisation have a
particular bias?’, ‘can I find this from a more convincing source?’ – this is especially so for theory,
statistics and research findings.
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Conclusions
A good conclusion is more than just a summary of what you have already discussed. This is an
important part of it – but the significance of each of your key points (or findings) should be
evaluated and applied (see above) and their implications stated. A good way to approach your
conclusion is to imagine you are a lawyer trying to persuade the jury that your argument is the truth.
This will mean identifying the flaws in other possible arguments to show how your analysis is the
best. Conclusions must, however, be based on the information that you have collected for this study
– both literature sources and primary data.
Limitations
No knowledge or source is ever the truth, the whole truth and nothing but the truth. Similarly, no
primary research is ever perfect – there is always something that could have been done better,
whether in hindsight or given unlimited resources. You need to show that you understand what the
differences are between different types of information/ methods and how they may be limited in
helping you to understand your research problem. In discussing limitations you should do more than
just list ‘pros and cons’ – think about the particular ways your sources are limited in relation to your
research problem.
Presentation
This includes more than just making your dissertation look nice on paper. Of course, your
formatting should be clear, consistent and look professional, but presentation also includes your
standard of English and grammar, punctuation, referencing and the quality of your vocabulary and
expression. In particular you should avoid jargon (unless you define it), slang or casual language,
and unnecessarily complex or ‘flowery’ language. Don’t be tempted to waffle or use meaningless
‘management speak’ – make sure all your sentences convey their point in an interesting but concise
manner.
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APPENDIX C: SUPERVISION MEETINGS RECORD
Student:
Course:
Topic:
Date:
Comments:
Next Meeting:
Date:
Comments:
Next meeting:
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APPENDIX D: Layout and formatting requirements
Page layout: Please lay out your text using 1.5 line spacing one side of the paper only. Your
margins should be a minimum of 3cm on the left and 2.5cm on the right, top and bottom. Text
should be left or fully justified. Use a new paragraph for each substantive point you make and leave
a blank line between paragraphs please. Include page numbers on every page and ensure they
correspond with the relevant entry in the table of contents.
Font & formatting: For the body of the text, use a professional font of 12 pt and black in colour.
A judicial and professional use of colour is fine, but you should avoid fussy formatting. Ensure your
emphases (eg: bold or italics) are consistent throughout the text.
Headings and subsections: Please number your chapters and subsections including meaningful
subject headings. This helps your reader to follow the flow of your argument and find important
information quickly and should correspond to the list in your table of contents.
Tables, figures and images: All tables, figures and images must be numbered consecutively within
each chapter, and have a self-explanatory title. Do not use clip art or any other form of decorative
image unless it is essential to the analysis you are undertaking, e.g: a screen shot to illustrate a
specific feature of an organization’s website.
Footnotes: Use footnotes only when absolutely necessary – e.g: when you want to signal an
important but tangential issue that would otherwise interrupt the flow of text. Overuse of footnotes
is poor practice and will be reflected in marks awarded.
Binding: Students should submit 2 soft bound (heat bound with a clear plastic cover) copies of
their dissertation along with 1 electronic copy via ULearn. Please note that spiral bound
dissertations will not be accepted.
Students can get their dissertations bound anywhere, providing it conforms to the above format.
Dissertations not conforming to the above format will not be accepted for marking.
Recommended Binders:
Youngs of Guildford
Surrey Design and Print Priory Bookbinders
12 Holford Road
George Edwards Building 37 Invincible Road
Guildford, GU1 2QF
University of Surrey, Farnborough, GU14 7QU
Tel/Fax +44 (0)1483
Guildford, GU2 7XH Telephone +44 (0)1252 515 843
534488
Telephone +44 (0)1483 68 3068
Email: design&[email protected]
Students who achieve a distinction have the opportunity to have their dissertation lodged in the
University Library. Students who wish to take advantage of this should present the School of
Management with one hard bound copy of their dissertation (at their own cost).
The hard bound copy should be bound in mid-blue cloth i.e. colour 544.
•
The following information ONLY should be shown on the spine, in gold blocking (reading
•
from top to bottom):
The degree Year of Submission Family name and initials
Eg. MSc 2009 Smith J.A.
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APPENDIX E: TITLE PAGE TEMPLATE
Submitted in part fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Management
The Outlet Manager and Pricing Decisions by Supermarkets
by
Katherine Summers
Faculty of Business, Economics and Law
University of Surrey
September 2010
Word count:
© Katherine Summers
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APPENDIX F: DECLARATION OF ORIGINALITY
This declaration must be included in your project and should be on the page immediately following
the abstract. The statement is written below and you should fill in the necessary details and make
the relevant deletions:
"I hereby declare that this thesis has been composed by myself and has not been presented or
accepted in any previous application for a degree. The work, of which this is a record, has been
carried out by myself unless otherwise stated and where the work is mine, it reflects personal views
and values. All quotations have been distinguished by quotation marks and all sources of
information have been acknowledged by means of references including those of the Internet. I agree
that the University has the right to submit my work to the plagiarism detection sources for
originality checks."
Author's signature, full name and date.
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APPENDIX G: Ethical Issues in Research
Please complete this form in discussion with your Supervisor and sign where indicated. Your Supervisor
must countersign the form. Once completed, take the form to the Student Support desk. All forms
must be presented by 22 June at the latest (this date applies to FT students). Staff will record that your
form has been completed. If no ethical approval is required, the form will be stamped and returned to you. If
ethical approval is required, you will be provided with instructions on how to obtain ethical approval.
YOU MAY NOT COLLECT DATA BEFORE IT HAS BEEN CONFIRMED THAT ETHICAL APPROVAL IS
NOT REQUIRED, OR UNTIL ETHICAL APPROVAL IS OBTAINED.
If data are collected without ethical approval, it is possible that you could be asked to destroy the data.
If you change your method or sample, a new form must be completed.
Name of student:____________________________ Course: _____________________________
Supervisor: _______________________________________
Dissertation topic: _______________________________________________________________________
Please answer Yes or No to the following questions, by circling your response. If you answer Yes to any
question, ethical approval will be required for your study either from the Faculty of Management and Law
Ethics’ Committee or the University Ethics’ Committee.
Seek Faculty of Management and Law ethical
Does the study, or may the study, involve FBEL UG YES
approval
students?
NO
Seek approval from University Ethics’ Committee
Does, or may the study, involve Undergraduate YES
students across the University of Surrey?
NO
Seek Faculty of Management and Law ethical
Does, or may, the study, involve FBEL staff as YES
approval
subjects?
NO
Seek approval from University Ethics’ Committe
Does, or may, the study involve staff across YES
The University of Surrey?
NO
Seek Faculty of Management and Law ethical
Does the study involve vulnerable groups (e.g. YES
approval
children)?
NO
Seek Faculty of Management and Law ethical
Will the respondents receive payment (including YES
approval
in kind or involvement in prize draws)?
NO
Seek Faculty of Management and Law ethical
Could questioning – in questionnaire or in interview – YES
approval
or other methods used, cause offence or be deemed
as sensitive? NO
Seek approval from University Ethics’ Committee
Does the study involve invasive procedures YES
(e.g. blood tests) or feeding trials?
NO
Seek approval from NHS Research Ethics’ Committee
Does your research study involve staff or patients YES
AND University Ethics’ Committee
from the NHS?
NO
Supervisor comments:
Student’s signature _____________________________________ Date ______________________
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