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An Introduction.
前言
Since ancient times, people settle down basic necessities is the essence, the pursuit of happiness is the basic premise is the harmonious development of society a "reassurance", a common-sense understanding of the decision to implement the "Home Ownership" is a personal and The common goal of the government, the housing problem can not be fully market-oriented, the government should assume the responsibility to provide housing security for the people of the task.
自古以来，衣食住行是人们安身立命的根本所在，是人们追求幸福生活的基本前提，是社会和谐发展的一颗“定心丸”，这一常识性的认识决定了实现“居者有其屋”是个人和政府共同努力的目标，住房问题不能完全推向市场化，政府应负责的承担起为人民提供住房保障的重任。
Housing reform, the government has established a security housing problems of low-income families housing security system, mainly in the following ways: First, the housing provident fund system; second is for low-income families affordable housing policy; Third the lowest income earners for low-rent housing policy. But in the actual implementation process, there are many problems, thus affecting the security role to play, this article on China's housing security system to analyze problems and propose solutions advice to let it play on a real low income families housing security effect.
房改以后，政府建立了一套保障中低收入家庭住房问题的住房保障体系，主要有以下几种实现方式：一是住房公积金制度；二是面向中低收人家庭的经济适用房政策；三是面向最低收入者的廉租房政策。但在具体落实过程中存在诸多问题，从而影响了保障作用的发挥，本文就我国住房保障体系存在的问题进行分析并提出相应的解决意见，以让其真正发挥对中低收人家庭的住房保障作用。
Two housing security system problems.
二住房保障体系存在的问题。
Housing problems of disadvantaged groups is still grim, housing security work long way to go. At present China's housing security system, primarily in the following five questions.
1 housing security system is not perfect.
At present, although establishment of a strict low-rent housing security system, affordable housing system and housing provident fund system, but there are still problems accordingly: First, the construction suffered "soft resistance." Allow local governments to come up with a considerable amount of construction land and funds to support the development and construction of affordable housing, means that the government should break through the "making money" mode, sacrifice some land revenue, to the security of housing "blood transfusion", which appears the proportion of affordable housing shortage reality. Second, the policy of absence. In recent years, with the general rise in prices, real estate prices have been a significant rise in the price of affordable housing through the second-hand housing transactions has greatly improved, due to the affordable housing policy on the absence of re-transfer, making affordable housing become investment buyers, real estate tool. Third, the lack of housing census statistics, the lack of housing security, long-term planning. At present, China is not only the lack of urban residents' income distribution statistics, but also lack of housing census data. Therefore, it is difficult to accurately grasp the actual situation of the housing difficulties initiatives accordingly. With the development of the market of these systems still need further improvement and refinement, especially in specific sectors also need to strengthen implementation of the associated systems supporting measures are still inadequate.
(2) The structural design of affordable housing and irrational coverage less affordable housing purchase light weight leasing, "economic" rather than "apply."
The main problem is the presence of affordable housing, public rental housing, low-rent housing and ordinary commodity housing and high-end housing market imbalance between supply structure can not meet the needs of consumers at all levels, especially not meet the housing needs of low-income families. Security I Health serious shortage of housing supply. Currently used as the main way of security of supply - it affordable housing, through the purchase of property rights to solve the housing problem. Due to a vague position, extensive management, in many cities there was a serious distortions, the government spent a lot of money, but did not fall on the effects of preferential policies to support low-income families really need. And the protection of the few places I selected raw housing projects far away from the city center, where facilities could not sync construction, built after the delay can not live, or stay up but life inconvenient. Some student housing interior space protection l structure is irrational, affecting the use of functions, appear affordable housing "economy" is not "applicable" phenomenon.
3. Supporting social mechanisms are inadequate, funding sources, not smooth.
Housing security system as a function of government, spending is the main source of public finance budget expenditures. For a long time, low-rent housing system did not establish a stable funding sources, the delay in the financial system, housing security explicitly included in the budget, only a few cities in the establishment of institutional funds supply plan, most cities rely on the value-added income housing fund and the balance of public housing Shoufangkuan rent housing funding as part of the main channel, the lack of stable funding channels to become the bottleneck of low-rent housing system forward. Currently in addition to housing security aspects of affordable housing, low-rent housing and provident fund system, other financial and fiscal and tax policy to support systems supporting inadequate and can not be long-term, effective and direct way to stimulate and control the production of housing. Finance, banking, taxation and other ancillary support means is still in a preliminary stage of development, in the boot and pulling more social resources to participate on the intensity is not enough.
4 housing security system construction and supervision is not enough to protect the object qualification is unclear, not strict.
The current supervision and evaluation is also lagging behind, management remains static management, the management of the application object is also not detailed enough. In the security object auditing process, government authorities is based on information provided by and has investigated the application of information to review whether the object meet the eligibility criteria. Some residents take false concealed income rental housing means to cheat, that even private issuing false certificates issued by the phenomenon have occurred, some of the fish in the high-income earners, should not enjoy the preferential policies enjoyed the limited social security lease Housing resources have not been used in the residents who need it most, resulting in affordable housing system benefits to be ineffective.
5 exit mechanism needs to be improved.
As the housing security system exit mechanism is not perfect, especially with access to the main form of protection of property rights, prone to welfare curing problems. System of affordable housing without proper exit mechanism, purchase affordable housing in higher income families after if no longer meet the qualifications, or because of changes in family size, the lack of appropriate exit mechanism inoperable. Even if there is a mechanism for withdrawal provisions, such as the form of low-rent housing Shiwupeizu, the exit mechanism, in reality it is often difficult to implement. Therefore, once enjoyed affordable housing, vested interests and welfare of the formation of a solidified, making a considerable part of the scroll housing security resources are not used in the most low-income residents who need housing, resulting in reduced effectiveness of security systems.
Three countermeasures.
For the front housing security system problems, we propose the following policy advice and recommendations.
1. Improve housing security working mechanism. http://www.ukassignment.org/ygkczy/
The establishment of specialized management agencies, to ensure the healthy development of the housing security system. Established to organize and coordinate the work of the specialized agencies, housing security, housing fund and other security work to ensure that all aspects of the letter. Achieve affordable housing construction "input - Sales / Leasing - then put" a virtuous circle of track and rolling development, on the whole in accordance with the "first application building to require quotas, short-term homeostasis, rolling development, step by step" mode, accelerate the speed construction of affordable housing, improve the construction of affordable housing. Founded housing census agencies, housing-related content for the investigation, to establish a database to provide data for the promulgation of information on housing policy basis.
(2) to strengthen the central and local governments shared responsibility.
Because housing is an integral part of basic needs, and has a quasi-public nature of the product. Therefore, the government social security and income distribution from the perspective must intervene. Because social security and income distribution is mainly central government responsibilities, therefore, housing security first is the responsibility of the central government. But do not have the space on the residential mobility, local governments can not shirk responsibility. So that the housing security as the central government and local governments shared responsibility, improve the government's emphasis on efforts to pass legislation to make the subject of housing security, responsibility, embodiment and housing standards and other issues are rules to follow.#p#分页标题#e#
3 to develop appropriate policies to curb the expansion of real estate behavior.
In the real estate process, most of the profit from high-income populations, rising prices also increased the difficulties of low-income people to buy a house, intensified the purchase of contradictions. Governments can buy the finest restrictions to prevent the destruction of opportunists, and better protect low-income groups.
4 Construction and household demand multi-level housing supply system adapted to accelerate the development of economic rental housing, rental housing implementation of economic policy.
The substance of the housing security system is to protect the right of residence rather than the property, that there is room to solve the housing problem. This requires determining the market affordable housing, low-rent housing and the supply of a reasonable proportion of commodity housing to meet the housing needs of different community. Topics include: (1) upper-middle and higher income families can follow fully market-oriented housing supply system purchase commodity housing; (2) the middle and lower-middle-income families can apply in accordance with the relevant provisions of affordable housing; (3) low-income families, including the difficulty of guaranteeing the following families, the government can grant under the provisions of rental housing subsidies alive hire purchase low-cost housing; (4) low-end housing supply system, the supply can be achieved by renting, so the protection of housing to circulation up to play the maximum security housing utility. Economic rental housing, also known as economic rent, refers to government-held part of the availability and price of these houses rented to a certain specific populations. These housing rents below market rents under the same conditions prices, better living conditions in low-cost housing, affordable housing available to the application does not meet the conditions of the existence of housing difficulties of the crowd, which is the city's "vulnerable groups." Control measures so as to gradually achieve special and dynamic, the formation of a controlled development of the situation. Through the implementation of effective measures to control structure, the real high-end market solutions, in the end of government support, have low social security trinity housing supply system.
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