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Gradually became aware of the importance of environmental conservation, the development of low-carbon way to becoming the global response to climate and energy crisis first choice.
全球气候变暖和能源危机，在威胁人类生存的背景条件下，人们对经济发展的方式与环境之间的关系进行反思，逐渐意识到进行环境保护的重要性，低碳的发展方式成为全球应对气候和能源危机的首要选择.
Development of tourism in island has potential advantages, on the one hand the island is complex geological, tectonic movement witness, has a rich geological tourism resources; partly because the island surrounded by the ocean which, compared with the mainland ecosystems, island environment more multi-level nature of diversity, ecological types provide ecological space, showing a different biological and ecological populations, rich in natural eco-tourism resources. Marine and Fisheries unique culture, rich marine ecological resources and geological resources so that island tourism has become one of the hot tourist. However, the geographical location of the particularity of the island, namely: the ocean and the mainland split this isolation necessarily limits relative to the island and the mainland between energy and matter cycle, resulting in the island environment vulnerability of island ecosystems once they are damage is difficult to recover. In recent decades the island country off a boom in tourism development, there have been Hainan Island, Gulangyu, Zhejiang Putuo Island, Long Island and other islands in Shandong been vigorously developed. At the same time, a number of small islands, many coastal island tourism is also active in the development, due to the direct economic interests of drivers, some areas of the island tend to demonstrate the lack of appropriate tourism development and development planning under the premise of conduct extensive island tourism development, this blind tourism development on the direct consequences are often excessive tourism resources of the island and even predatory sexual development, the ecological environment of the island is bound to cause some degree of damage. So how low-carbon tourism development to maximize the reduction of tourism on the island ecological damage to the environment, to achieve the island between tourism and environment sustainable virtuous cycle, becoming the first islands tourism development issues to consider.
海岛地区发展旅游有着潜在的优势，一方面海岛是复杂地质、构造运动的见证，具有丰富的地质旅游资源；另一方面由于海岛所处海洋包围之中，与大陆生态系统相比，海岛生态环境更具有多层次性，为多样性生态类型提供了生态空间，呈现出不同的生物生态种群，具有丰富的自然生态旅游资源。特有的海洋与渔业文化，丰富的海洋生态资源与地质资源，使海岛旅游逐渐成为旅游的热点之一。然而海岛由于所处地理位置的特殊性，即： 海洋与大陆相分割这种隔离必然限制了海岛与大陆之间的能量和物质的循环，造成海岛生态环境的脆弱性，海岛生态系统一旦遭到破坏很难恢复。我国近几十年来掀起了海岛旅游开发的热潮，先后有海南岛、厦门鼓浪屿、浙江普陀岛、山东长岛等海岛得到大力开发。
An analysis of the concept of low-carbon tourism.
1 低碳旅游的概念分析。
Since the 18th century, with the discovery and use of hydrocarbon industrial civilization to the people's production, lifestyles enormous progress, coal and oil as the representative of fossil energy development and utilization of human change and level of economic development, as a measure of http://www.ukassignment.org/ygkczy social and human material wealth important criterion. On the other hand, represented by hydrocarbons massive use of fossil fuels, resulting in carbon dioxide emissions of positive linear growth and is affecting the Earth's natural ecosystem balance. With the continuous progress of human consciousness, human ecological civilization construction process can move forward to address the global challenges posed by climate change, low carbon concept is in response to global climate change, to promote the production and living activities to reduce human emissions of greenhouse gases in the background under the proposed [1]. Low-carbon economy, as human economic development mode shift by the government and widespread concern in society, and is increasingly affecting the production and human-induced changes in lifestyle.
1.1 Analysis of low-carbon tourism concept.
Low-carbon low-carbon economy from tourism is derived from this concept, "low-carbon tourism" concept formally proposed, was first in the May 2009 World Economic Forum "Towards a low carbon travel and tourism industry," the report. In China's first low-carbon tourism as the title of the article, was in May 2009 Liu Xiao in "Chinese collective economy" published "On the low-carbon economy and low-carbon tourism," a text, Liu Xiao considered low-carbon tourism is low borrowing carbon economy concept, low energy consumption, low pollution-based green tourism. It is not only planning and development of tourism resources put forward new requirements, but also for tourists and travel the whole process put forward specific demands. It requires through food, housing, transportation, travel, shopping and entertainment to reflect every aspect of energy conservation, reduce pollution, action to interpret a harmonious society, saving society and the building of a civilized society [2]. After a growing number of academic scholars characterize the concept of low-carbon tourism put forward their own views. There are more representative Jump. "On the low-carbon tourism and tourist attractions to create a low-carbon" in an article, that the low-carbon tourism is a way to reduce CO2 emissions to protect the tourist places of natural and human environment, including the protection of plants, wildlife and other resources; respect local cultural resources and lifestyles; for local human communities and the natural environment and make a positive contribution to tourism. Low-carbon tourism is a concept, more importantly, a measure [3]. Cai Meng and Wang Yuming believes that low-carbon tourism is the tourism development process, through the use of low-carbon technologies, the implementation mechanisms and carbon sinks advocating low-carbon tourism consumption, in order to get a higher quality of tourism experience and greater tourism economy , social and environmental benefits of a sustainable tourism development of new ways. The core concept of low-carbon tourism development tourism development is less carbon emissions to get more tourism economic, social and environmental benefits [4]. Low-carbon tourism as a new concept of tourism and development, consumption patterns, it is essentially a way to reduce the "carbon" tourism, which requires the tourism process, without reducing the tourists to experience the quality of the premise, to save energy and reduce CO2 emissions and remedial action with their own actions by the release of "carbon", ie with low power consumption, low pollution-based green tourism, which involves all aspects of tourism, including tourism and tourist spending during the production process.
Low-carbon tourism economic areas which can be resolved, it is to a certain stage of economic development will inevitably appear on the economy, the development of tourism as a way of reflection; developments from a global perspective, low-carbon tourism is a response to the global Climate and energy crisis made a new approach to development; from a tourist point of view, low-carbon tourism is a new concept of tourism and tourism development.
From the practice of low-carbon tourism, low-carbon tourism should include two aspects: First, the production of low-carbon travel, tourism enterprises in the tourism refers to the production process, the use of new technology, new energy and new materials, widely used a variety of energy saving technology, to create a variety of low-carbon tourism attraction and tourist facilities, nurturing environment of low-carbon travel experience, to minimize carbon emissions and even zero emissions; Second, the low-carbon tourism consumption, refers to tourism process, promote low-carbon way to travel in the tourism process to minimize carbon footprint and CO2 emissions and practical action to make travel carbon emissions in the process.
1.2 low-carbon tourism practices.
Low-carbon tourism as a low carbon economy in tourism on the extension of the energy conservation, reducing carbon emissions during travel volume, protecting scenic environment plays an important role in the tourism industry to a low carbon tourism development mode transformation into non- prevent trend. In the current tourism development process, low carbon travel is no longer merely a travel concept, a new type of tourism development, in practice, other aspects are also emerging. Such as Sichuan Jiuzhaigou scenic spot to prohibit motor vehicles to enter, change to electric vehicles to enter, in order to reduce CO2 emissions. 2008, Ctrip launched trip "carbon offset" program, visitors Ctrip booking tickets, Ctrip will be based on its flight mileage, urged travelers to the second aviation CO2 emissions generated, as well as reducing the number of trees need to be planted CO2 and provide the appropriate "carbon offset" option. "Better City, Better Life" as the theme of the 2010 World Expo, the use of science and technology, a large number of low-carbon and low carbon concept of publicity, so that 7300 million visitors personal experience low-carbon development and low-carbon tourism huge effect and charm. 2010, held in Beijing, China's first low-carbon tourism construction summit, Sanya Yalong Bay National Resort District, Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture, Heilongjiang Daxinganling 32 tourist units was awarded the "China Low-carbon tourism area title." 2011, by the China Environment Federation, China Tourism Association jointly organized tourist attractions differentiation "national low-carbon tourism pilot area work conference and the awarding ceremony", in recognition of outstanding achievements in low-carbon tourism tourist attractions and regions, Huangshan scenic, virgin forest park in Xishuangbanna, Shandong Taishan tourist attractions and other tourist attractions in the first set 50 "national low-carbon tourism pilot area." In Taiwan, the first low-carbon tourist attractions - Pinglin area, combined with a low-carbon city, Taipei County Tourism Vision and less developed regions Pinglin environmental advantages, Pinglin introduced to Taiwan's first "low carbon" as context of the "Pinglin Tour" and invited Ma Ying-jeou in Taipei County, Taiwan Pinglin scenic bicycle ride low-carbon tourism, and was invited to his position as spokesman for low-carbon tourism scenic Pinglin [3] and so on.#p#分页标题#e#
Two island developing low-carbon tourism Necessity.
The relationship between tourism and the environment is a mutual exchange process, a regional tourism development impact on the environment has a complex structure.
Environment for tourism development on the one hand to provide natural and cultural resources, tourism activities is a regional basis; the other hand, tourism has brought a variety of products for the environment, a variety of tourism on the environment of waste and bring a range of negative impact on the environment caused some damage and even unrecoverable. Robert W. Wyllie wrote in Tourism and Society, to maintain a high quality of the natural environment is the first principle of tourism development, because we do not, it will lose the charm of tourist destinations; while tourism has become increasingly apparent cause environmental decline in quality, to make trade-offs between tourism and the environment, it will be a dilemma of choice [5].
With the vigorous development of China's tourism, island tourism is becoming a hot tourist development, the island with its unique natural resources, the unique culture and rich marine marine ecological resources and other features to attract a lot of visitors. Because the island is a relatively independent of geographic system, through the vast ocean and continent apart, and land transportation is limited, weak infrastructure, a single economic structure, has long dominated the fishing industry has become China's economic development, "the eastern West ", and the gradual depletion of fishery resources makes the island fishermen converting pressure further increases, the islands need to get concerned about livelihood issues and solutions. With global warming and energy crisis, the threat to human survival environment under the premise that more and more people choose low-carbon production and consumption patterns, low-carbon economy has become the future direction of economic development. Island regions in practice low-carbon economy, the development of low-carbon tourism is particularly unique advantages, should make full use of its oceans, forests, wetlands and other natural carbon sinks body advantages, the development of low-carbon tourism and attract tourists. The development of low-carbon tourism island to island residents not only provide new employment opportunities for the island's economic development has brought new hope, but also a coordinated islands regional economic, social and environmental development of important ways.
Tourism is a very important not only economic factors, but also the impact on the environment is an important factor [6]. Compared with the inland and coastal areas, islands geographical space is relatively small, fragile ecology, resources, and space is limited, poor environmental carrying capacity, ecosystem degradation in interference prone and difficult recovery [7]. Process of tourism development on the island, based on economic interests of drivers, most of the island in the absence of scientific proof of the premise, the construction of tourist facilities blindly or alteration work, if not consider the affordability of the island, under the premise of the tourist island of the blind be roundabout road construction, expansion of the island hotels, tourist facilities such as fishing music scale, Lankan, deforestation, arbitrary arrest, land reclamation and other spontaneous or intentional act on the island environment cause some damage. Coupled with tourists in the tourism process, due to a certain lack of oversight and moral constraints, in tourism always shown responsibility constraint relaxation and possession of consciousness explicit behavioral characteristics [8], tourists in the tourism process, some unethical behavior ecological environment of the island can be a certain pressure, such as littering, scrawl carve island tourism resources such as sabotage acts, which cause serious environmental damage to the island (Table 1), and some can not be destroyed even recovery. Choose low-carbon tourism island region of production and consumption patterns, not only to protect the development of low-carbon tourism relies on the natural and human environment, but also to solve the island region's economic development and environmental protection an important measure of this contradiction.
Three island regions to achieve a low-carbon travel path.
Low-carbon tourism as a new tourism development model, not just a conceptual idea, but should be a guiding significance in practice of the new tourism development. Unlike the island inland areas of low-carbon tourism development, the development of low-carbon tourism island should have its own characteristics. Compared to inland areas, islands area is relatively small and relatively closed and isolated from the mainland and the inland limit of the island between matter and energy exchange, resulting in the vulnerability of island environment, once the island after the destruction of the natural environment, will be difficult to recover, the development of regional tourism island must hold a prudent manner to achieve low-carbon tourism island regions should be based on local government, tourism enterprises, tourist destinations and tourists and other stakeholders together. The realization of low-carbon tourism island regions should include two aspects, one is by taking various measures to directly reduce or absorb island regional air emissions from CO2; hand, can travel through low-carbon production methods and tourist consumption low-carbon technology to reduce CO2 emissions island regions, and promote tourism development in island paradigm shift in island tourism industry to achieve energy saving and sustainable development.
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