2010年上海世博会项目计划（Project Plan）

1.0 Executive Summary摘要总结

这个项目的主要目的是创建“2010年上海世博会”的总体规划。该项目包括为本届博览会的主要目标，资源问题以及与赞助商相关的可能出现的一些问题。当然，这里还有几个策略，用来避免这些紧急问题的发生。在报告中，所有的主要资源都将从两个方面进行讨论，一个是如何获得的资源;另一种是如何减少资源的使用。

The main purpose of this project is to create an overall plan for the 2010 Shanghai Expo. This project comprises the major goals for the exposition, the resources problems and possible issues relating with the sponsors. Of course, several strategies are brought out to avoid the problems. In the report, all mainly resources are considered in two aspects. The one is how to get the resources; the other one is how to reduce the cost of the resources.

正所周知，世界博览会是一个全球性的事件，几乎所有国家都将参与并尽力去实现自己的目标，以推广他们的国家，显示他们的先进技术。
As we all know, the world exposition is a worldwide events that almost all countries will take part in it and try their best to realize their goals to popularize their countries and show their advanced technology.

这是上海第一次举办这样的伟大的盛会，这确实是一个千载难逢的机会让全世界的人们都了解上海，所以上海应该好好利用这个机会来呈现一个“最好的上海”。

It is the first time for Shanghai to hold such a great event. It is really a good chance for Shanghai to let it known all over the world, so Shanghai should take a good use of the chance to present a best Shanghai to people all around the world.

 

Just as the old saying goes, if you fail to make a plan, you are planning to fail. For the sake that the game will be successful, doing a concrete plan is essential. The plan makes the host have a rough idea about how to act when emergencies take place or what will happen at the exact time.

 

2.0 Introduction介绍

 

Expo 2010 is the 41st world exposition. It will last from May 1st to October 31st in Shanghai. This is the first time for China to hold such a kind of world exposition. The motto is better city, better life, which means that the purpose of the event is to show us people are living in a city better than before. China has invested 45 billion for the exposition, creating the largest scale in the world exposition history.

 

There are four goals for shanghai to hold such an exposition. First of all, it will provide a way for the public to strength the awareness to protect the city heritage and pay more attention to the healthy development of the city. Then, it can largely improve the people’s adversity consciousness in the modern society, by holding the exposition and showing the advanced technology in the world; many kinds of possible measures can be brought forward. What’s more, it is an efficient way to popularize the idea of sustainable development and by doing so; a new city’s development model will be practiced for the developing countries. Last but not the least, the world exposition provides people all over the world a good chance to communicate with others and understand different cultures. All in all, it is a good channel for Shanghai to be known all over the world. In order to make the world exposition successful, a detailed and comprehensive project planning is necessary.

 

3.0 Project Description 项目描述

 

Since it is the first time for the China to hold such a great exposition, a project plan is especially important, for China has no experience in holding such events, there are exited materials to study. What’s more, people all over the world may come to enjoy the exposition; they will witness what will happen in the great exposition.

 

China did not hold the exposition in the history. It is the first time; there are no learning materials for the exposition. What’s more, large group of tourisms will come to enjoy it, as well as many problems. Through making plan, the government will be more confident when being into trouble, for possible measures have been provided in the plan. (Farokh, A., 2002) The project plans will also a guide for the host to know what will happen in the exact time, by the plan, they can prepare for what will needed ahead of time.

 

By making project plan, the host can make a whole consideration of all factors in the exposition, including the possible problems. Then, the host can use all brain storms to solve the possible problems before happening or give some useful measures to solve the problems when they really happen. It can improve the efficiency and guarantee the success of the world exposition. All in all, it can improve the performance of whom it may concern. (Sofia, F., 2008)

 

3.2 Project Resources项目资源

 

3.2.1 Money财力

 

To hold such a great exposition, a pooling of money is unavoidable. There are mainly two ways to collect the money. The first way is given by the government. As a rule, the government will give out a lot of money on the event, for it is a national activity. It is our duty to support the exposition. All of us may give money to the event. On the other hand, the largest origin of the money is coming from the companies. Many entrepreneurs will sponsor the exposition, for it is the best time for the companies to publicize their products and make their companies known all over the world. Usually, all big companies do not give up such a good chance to popularize their company.(Michael,S.,T.Bettina,anna,R.,sarah,J.,Emerald,A.,&Kristal,M.,2010 )  

 

3.2.2 People人力

 

People all over the world will come to enjoy the exposition, so it is inevitable to meet problems on transportation. In the project plan, this is the most difficult problem. In fact, Shanghai is more crowded than anywhere else. When holding the exposition, the problem will become more serious.

 

What’s more, people all the world have different background and different languages; they may be in trouble in Shanghai. As a consequence, volunteers of different skills are needed in the exposition to help those coming from other countries. At that time, volunteers may be in large demands. It is also a problem that where we can find so many volunteers in low cost.

 

3.2.3 Plants计划

 

It is the best time for Shanghai to show the idea about green city; therefore, the plants are needed to promote the city’s image. What’s more, plants can purify the air, giving all people a good environment. (Luke, A., 2007) It is also a signal of better city.

 

4.0 Strategies

 

4.1 Cost花费

 

To reduce cost, two aspects should be paid more attention.

 

4.1.1 Construction Cost工程造价

 

The exposition aims to show the technology and other advanced products, so many venues are constructed to place the goods; as a result, more land should be bought to construct the facilities. However, the cost is relatively high. To reduce the cost, supervisions are essential; for it is a common scene to waste materials, by supervision, workers will try to stop wasting. What’s more, a rational structure will also make contribution to the cost of such a large project.

 

4.1.2 Manpower Cost人力成本

 

Since many volunteers are needed to help foreigners, it takes a large portion of the whole cost. So it is especially urgent to downsize the manpower cost. First, the colleague students may be the best person to be the volunteers, for they are easy to learn the rules about the exposition, so the government does not need to spend more money on the training. Second, the students are paying more attention on the chance to practice rather than the money. They do not ask high wage. (Priscilla, S., Anne, S., William, E., &Lenore, P., 2005) Third, the government can send out the officers to be the volunteers without paying money. By doing so, a large portion of money can be saved.

 

4.2 Qualities气质

 

There are also two ways to guarantee the quality of the world exposition.

 

4.2.1 Supervision监督

 

Supervision will guarantee the workers to work with great responsibility. They will try their best to accomplish the task. (Jamie, D., Michael, M., Sandra, J., 2008)

 

What’s more, supervision is also another kind of support. It is unavoidable that they may come into trouble when holding the exposition; the supervisors will give their support then.

 

4.2.2 Training培训

 

As the 2010 Expo is the first time in China, there are no existed materials to learn, and no experienced people to consult from. So the training is especially useful to make the exposition successful. Through training, all people can learn the basic skills for the exposition. (Carla, A., Laurence, C., & Caet, S., 2006)

 

4.3 Time时间

 

Though everything is changing time by time, plan is still useful to control the time largely. In order to guarantee the time, making a plan is the best solution.#p#分页标题#e#

 

4.4 Environment环境

 

The most serious problem is the exhaust gas. Two measures are taken to control the health and safety to hold such a game.

 

4.4.1 Public Transportation公共交通

 

More buses are needed to commute tourists in case that they will not be crowned. There will many tourists to enjoy the exposition; the demands for the buses will be more than supply. In order to avoid the traffic jam, the governments should provide more buses to meet the demands.

 

 4.4.2 Cars Limitation汽车限制

 

A limitation of private car is essential to lessen the exhaust gas. Basically, most of the exhaust gas is emitted from the private cars, it means that there will more cars than before when holding the exposition, so it is urgent to limit the private cars at that time.

 

4.5 Occupational Safety and Health职业安全及健康

 

It is right to prepare a group of medical workers around the games in case those emergencies happen when watching the exposition. Also, policemen and volunteers are a must because some may loose money or lose their way. By doing these, the exposition can be launched successfully. (Ting Wang and Shaodong xie, 2009)

 

4.6 Project Gantt   Gantt项目
 

It is an important exposition in the history. In order to guarantee the success of the exposition, a perfect project plan is essential, as well as the method to practice the plan.

 

In the report, the Gantt is used to practice the plan. (James, M, 2003) Before the exposition, a paper will be separated into three parts. The left is used to write the task in the exposition. The top part is used to record the time for every task. The last part is used to record the rate of the progress. Usually, histogram is used to reflect the achievements of the tasks obviously.

 

Through Gantt, the project plan can be practiced effectively.

 

5.0 Possible Problems可能出现的问题

 

More entrepreneurs will sponsor the exposition; it is a great thing for the host, however, there are also possible issues during the sponsors.

 

5.1 Serious Competitive激烈的竞争

 

As we know, it is a useful way to publicize the goods. So many companies are trying their great efforts to gain the chance to sponsor the game. Coca-coca and Pepsi are the two largest beverage producers in the world. They both want to sponsor the exposition, as a consequence, a serious competitive between them occurs.

 

Every company wants to show their products in the world exposition, however, it is a rare chance for small companies to take part in such an exposition, for they do not have enough money to sponsor the event. However, they want to improve their selling. As a result, the small companies may use some irregular techniques to copy other big companies’ products, and make their own products similar to others. Even worse, some may use the same logo of famous brand but worse quality.

 

6.0 Conclusion结论

 

In conclusion, holding a successful world exposition is a hard work, which includes variety of aspects in the social department. Therefore, a concrete and deliverable plan is needed to guarantee the success of the worldwide game. For the host, a careful and general consideration should be paid on the exposition. All needed resources and equipments should be in run then. Several crash programs should be ready for the sudden emergencies. For the volunteers, responsibly is the basic quality to undertake the task. All volunteers should try their best to help foreigners.

 

7.0 Reference文献参考

 

Carla, A., Laurence, C., &caet, S., 2006, reconsidering the role of training in event volunteers’ satisfaction, Sport Management Review, 9, pages 165-182.

Farokh, A., 2002, guiding decisions: addressing plan implementation discrepancies in a Palestinian decentralization programme, Habitat International, 26, pages379-397

Luke, A., 2007, filling the world: trees, plants, rocks, water, and sky, 3D Game Environments, pages 223-271

Jamie, D.,Michael, M.,Sandra, J.,2008,the supervision genogram: A tool for preparing supervisiors-in-training,Psychotherapy:theory/research/practice/training,pages 111-116

James, M, 2003, Gantt charts: A centenary appreciation, European Journal of Operational Research, 149, pages 430-437.

Michael,S.,T.Bettina,anna,R.,sarah,J.,Emerald,A.,&Kristal,M.,2010,Sponsorship,Ambushing,and Counter-Strategy: Effects Upon Memory for Sponsor and Event, Journal of Experimental Psychology:Applied,16,pages 96-108

Priscilla, S.,Anne, S.,William, E., Lenore, P.,2005,the service volunteer-loyalty chain: an exploratory study of charitable not-for-profit service organization, Journal of Operations Management,23,pages 143-161

Sofia, F., 2008, what determines the institutional performance of environmental regimes? : A case study of the Mediterranean Action Plan. Marine Policy, pages618-629

Ting Wang and Shaodong xie. (2009).Assessment of traffic-related air pollution in the urban streets before and during the2008 Beijing Olympic Games control period, Journal of atmospheric environment, volume 43, pages 5682-5690

这个项目的主要目的是创建“2010年上海世博会”的总体规划。该项目包括为本届博览会的主要目标，资源问题以及与赞助商相关的可能出现的一些问题。当然，这里还有几个策略，用来避免这些紧急问题的发生。在报告中，所有的主要资源都将从两个方面进行讨论，一个是如何获得的资源;另一种是如何减少资源的使用。

The main purpose of this project is to create an overall plan for the 2010 Shanghai Expo. This project comprises the major goals for the exposition, the resources problems and possible issues relating with the sponsors. Of course, several strategies are brought out to avoid the problems. In the report, all mainly resources are considered in two aspects. The one is how to get the resources; the other one is how to reduce the cost of the resources.

正所周知，世界博览会是一个全球性的事件，几乎所有国家都将参与并尽力去实现自己的目标，以推广他们的国家，显示他们的先进技术。
As we all know, the world exposition is a worldwide events that almost all countries will take part in it and try their best to realize their goals to popularize their countries and show their advanced technology.

这是上海第一次举办这样的伟大的盛会，这确实是一个千载难逢的机会让全世界的人们都了解上海，所以上海应该好好利用这个机会来呈现一个“最好的上海”。

It is the first time for Shanghai to hold such a great event. It is really a good chance for Shanghai to let it known all over the world, so Shanghai should take a good use of the chance to present a best Shanghai to people all around the world.

 

Just as the old saying goes, if you fail to make a plan, you are planning to fail. For the sake that the game will be successful, doing a concrete plan is essential. The plan makes the host have a rough idea about how to act when emergencies take place or what will happen at the exact time.

 

2.0 Introduction介绍

 

Expo 2010 is the 41st world exposition. It will last from May 1st to October 31st in Shanghai. This is the first time for China to hold such a kind of world exposition. The motto is better city, better life, which means that the purpose of the event is to show us people are living in a city better than before. China has invested 45 billion for the exposition, creating the largest scale in the world exposition history.

 

There are four goals for shanghai to hold such an exposition. First of all, it will provide a way for the public to strength the awareness to protect the city heritage and pay more attention to the healthy development of the city. Then, it can largely improve the people’s adversity consciousness in the modern society, by holding the exposition and showing the advanced technology in the world; many kinds of possible measures can be brought forward. What’s more, it is an efficient way to popularize the idea of sustainable development and by doing so; a new city’s development model will be practiced for the developing countries. Last but not the least, the world exposition provides people all over the world a good chance to communicate with others and understand different cultures. All in all, it is a good channel for Shanghai to be known all over the world. In order to make the world exposition successful, a detailed and comprehensive project planning is necessary.

 

3.0 Project Description 项目描述

 

Since it is the first time for the China to hold such a great exposition, a project plan is especially important, for China has no experience in holding such events, there are exited materials to study. What’s more, people all over the world may come to enjoy the exposition; they will witness what will happen in the great exposition.#p#分页标题#e#

 

China did not hold the exposition in the history. It is the first time; there are no learning materials for the exposition. What’s more, large group of tourisms will come to enjoy it, as well as many problems. Through making plan, the government will be more confident when being into trouble, for possible measures have been provided in the plan. (Farokh, A., 2002) The project plans will also a guide for the host to know what will happen in the exact time, by the plan, they can prepare for what will needed ahead of time.

 

By making project plan, the host can make a whole consideration of all factors in the exposition, including the possible problems. Then, the host can use all brain storms to solve the possible problems before happening or give some useful measures to solve the problems when they really happen. It can improve the efficiency and guarantee the success of the world exposition. All in all, it can improve the performance of whom it may concern. (Sofia, F., 2008)

 

3.2 Project Resources项目资源

 

3.2.1 Money财力

 

To hold such a great exposition, a pooling of money is unavoidable. There are mainly two ways to collect the money. The first way is given by the government. As a rule, the government will give out a lot of money on the event, for it is a national activity. It is our duty to support the exposition. All of us may give money to the event. On the other hand, the largest origin of the money is coming from the companies. Many entrepreneurs will sponsor the exposition, for it is the best time for the companies to publicize their products and make their companies known all over the world. Usually, all big companies do not give up such a good chance to popularize their company.(Michael,S.,T.Bettina,anna,R.,sarah,J.,Emerald,A.,&Kristal,M.,2010 )  

 

3.2.2 People人力

 

People all over the world will come to enjoy the exposition, so it is inevitable to meet problems on transportation. In the project plan, this is the most difficult problem. In fact, Shanghai is more crowded than anywhere else. When holding the exposition, the problem will become more serious.

 

What’s more, people all the world have different background and different languages; they may be in trouble in Shanghai. As a consequence, volunteers of different skills are needed in the exposition to help those coming from other countries. At that time, volunteers may be in large demands. It is also a problem that where we can find so many volunteers in low cost.

 

3.2.3 Plants计划

 

It is the best time for Shanghai to show the idea about green city; therefore, the plants are needed to promote the city’s image. What’s more, plants can purify the air, giving all people a good environment. (Luke, A., 2007) It is also a signal of better city.

 

4.0 Strategies

 

4.1 Cost花费

 

To reduce cost, two aspects should be paid more attention.

 

4.1.1 Construction Cost工程造价

 

The exposition aims to show the technology and other advanced products, so many venues are constructed to place the goods; as a result, more land should be bought to construct the facilities. However, the cost is relatively high. To reduce the cost, supervisions are essential; for it is a common scene to waste materials, by supervision, workers will try to stop wasting. What’s more, a rational structure will also make contribution to the cost of such a large project.

 

4.1.2 Manpower Cost人力成本

 

Since many volunteers are needed to help foreigners, it takes a large portion of the whole cost. So it is especially urgent to downsize the manpower cost. First, the colleague students may be the best person to be the volunteers, for they are easy to learn the rules about the exposition, so the government does not need to spend more money on the training. Second, the students are paying more attention on the chance to practice rather than the money. They do not ask high wage. (Priscilla, S., Anne, S., William, E., &Lenore, P., 2005) Third, the government can send out the officers to be the volunteers without paying money. By doing so, a large portion of money can be saved.

 

4.2 Qualities气质

 

There are also two ways to guarantee the quality of the world exposition.

 

4.2.1 Supervision监督

 

Supervision will guarantee the workers to work with great responsibility. They will try their best to accomplish the task. (Jamie, D., Michael, M., Sandra, J., 2008)

 

What’s more, supervision is also another kind of support. It is unavoidable that they may come into trouble when holding the exposition; the supervisors will give their support then.

 

4.2.2 Training培训

 

As the 2010 Expo is the first time in China, there are no existed materials to learn, and no experienced people to consult from. So the training is especially useful to make the exposition successful. Through training, all people can learn the basic skills for the exposition. (Carla, A., Laurence, C., & Caet, S., 2006)

 

4.3 Time时间

 

Though everything is changing time by time, plan is still useful to control the time largely. In order to guarantee the time, making a plan is the best solution.

 

4.4 Environment环境

 

The most serious problem is the exhaust gas. Two measures are taken to control the health and safety to hold such a game.

 

4.4.1 Public Transportation公共交通

 

More buses are needed to commute tourists in case that they will not be crowned. There will many tourists to enjoy the exposition; the demands for the buses will be more than supply. In order to avoid the traffic jam, the governments should provide more buses to meet the demands.

 

 4.4.2 Cars Limitation汽车限制

 

A limitation of private car is essential to lessen the exhaust gas. Basically, most of the exhaust gas is emitted from the private cars, it means that there will more cars than before when holding the exposition, so it is urgent to limit the private cars at that time.

 

4.5 Occupational Safety and Health职业安全及健康

 

It is right to prepare a group of medical workers around the games in case those emergencies happen when watching the exposition. Also, policemen and volunteers are a must because some may loose money or lose their way. By doing these, the exposition can be launched successfully. (Ting Wang and Shaodong xie, 2009)

 

4.6 Project Gantt   Gantt项目
 

It is an important exposition in the history. In order to guarantee the success of the exposition, a perfect project plan is essential, as well as the method to practice the plan.

 

In the report, the Gantt is used to practice the plan. (James, M, 2003) Before the exposition, a paper will be separated into three parts. The left is used to write the task in the exposition. The top part is used to record the time for every task. The last part is used to record the rate of the progress. Usually, histogram is used to reflect the achievements of the tasks obviously.

 

Through Gantt, the project plan can be practiced effectively.

 

5.0 Possible Problems可能出现的问题

 

More entrepreneurs will sponsor the exposition; it is a great thing for the host, however, there are also possible issues during the sponsors.

 

5.1 Serious Competitive激烈的竞争

 

As we know, it is a useful way to publicize the goods. So many companies are trying their great efforts to gain the chance to sponsor the game. Coca-coca and Pepsi are the two largest beverage producers in the world. They both want to sponsor the exposition, as a consequence, a serious competitive between them occurs.

 

Every company wants to show their products in the world exposition, however, it is a rare chance for small companies to take part in such an exposition, for they do not have enough money to sponsor the event. However, they want to improve their selling. As a result, the small companies may use some irregular techniques to copy other big companies’ products, and make their own products similar to others. Even worse, some may use the same logo of famous brand but worse quality.

 

6.0 Conclusion结论

 

In conclusion, holding a successful world exposition is a hard work, which includes variety of aspects in the social department. Therefore, a concrete and deliverable plan is needed to guarantee the success of the worldwide game. For the host, a careful and general consideration should be paid on the exposition. All needed resources and equipments should be in run then. Several crash programs should be ready for the sudden emergencies. For the volunteers, responsibly is the basic quality to undertake the task. All volunteers should try their best to help foreigners.

 

7.0 Reference文献参考#p#分页标题#e#

 

Carla, A., Laurence, C., &caet, S., 2006, reconsidering the role of training in event volunteers’ satisfaction, Sport Management Review, 9, pages 165-182.

Farokh, A., 2002, guiding decisions: addressing plan implementation discrepancies in a Palestinian decentralization programme, Habitat International, 26, pages379-397

Luke, A., 2007, filling the world: trees, plants, rocks, water, and sky, 3D Game Environments, pages 223-271

Jamie, D.,Michael, M.,Sandra, J.,2008,the supervision genogram: A tool for preparing supervisiors-in-training,Psychotherapy:theory/research/practice/training,pages 111-116

James, M, 2003, Gantt charts: A centenary appreciation, European Journal of Operational Research, 149, pages 430-437.

Michael,S.,T.Bettina,anna,R.,sarah,J.,Emerald,A.,&Kristal,M.,2010,Sponsorship,Ambushing,and Counter-Strategy: Effects Upon Memory for Sponsor and Event, Journal of Experimental Psychology:Applied,16,pages 96-108

Priscilla, S.,Anne, S.,William, E., Lenore, P.,2005,the service volunteer-loyalty chain: an exploratory study of charitable not-for-profit service organization, Journal of Operations Management,23,pages 143-161

Sofia, F., 2008, what determines the institutional performance of environmental regimes? : A case study of the Mediterranean Action Plan. Marine Policy, pages618-629

Ting Wang and Shaodong xie. (2009).Assessment of traffic-related air pollution in the urban streets before and during the2008 Beijing Olympic Games control period, Journal of atmospheric environment, volume 43, pages 5682-5690