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澳洲essay指导服务 一个国家的发展前景取决于人才的质量。在整个教育市场由于缺乏高教育水平，在21世纪,泰勒（一个公司）必须在青年的全面发展中起着重要的作用,成为全球视角下行政政策的竞争和弹性的贡献者。 根据供给理论,企业的目的是获取利润,供应决策一直是依靠潜在利润。当货物价格上扬,供应教育的机会将会增加。然而,货物的价格降低时,教育的供给将减少。这始终是一个积极向上的供应关系曲线。 首先,我们应该了解如何在整个世界教育的需求下影响泰勒的教育水平，有哪些因素可能会影响到泰勒的教育服务。 当整个世界教育的需求增加时也会增加所有公共和私人机构的需求。更进一步来说,我们试图想象一种疾病突然像非典疫情一样在整个世界蔓延的时候，健康意识会增加,同时医生和护士的需求也将增加。 The objective of business firms is to obtain profits A country’s prospects for development depend on the quality of their people. Due to the scarcity of high education level in the whole education market in this 21th century, Taylor’s must play an important role to develop youth into well-rounded, competitive and resilient contributors with global perspectives under my administrative policy. According to the supply theory, the objective of business firms is to obtain profits, supply decision always depent on profit potential. When the price of good increase, the supply education will increase. Whereas, when the price of good decrease, the supply education will decrease. This is always be a positive relationship with a upward slopping supply curve. First of all, we should understand how a demand of education in whole world could affect the demand for Taylor’s education level and what are the factors could affecting the demand for Taylor’s education service. When the demand of education in whole world increase and simultaneously increase the demand in all public and private institution. To futher understanding, we try to imagine a disease like SARS suddenly outbreak in whole world. When the health awareness increase , the demand of doctors and nurse will simultaneously increase. If not, how terrible would be occurs in that country when progressing to 21th century? Hence, when the disease suddenly outbreak in the country, rapid grow its supply of doctors and nurse to meet its demand of influenza patient. However, how do we attract and recruit more students to enroll in our institution to maximised our profit in order to increase market share of Taylor’s University College? These are some the factors may affect the demand for Taylor’s education service with the assumption of the price (course fees of programmes) of Taylor’s University College is ceteris paribus. 1) Level of Consumer’s Income If the level of consumer’s income rises, they are willing and able to pay a high course fees in Taylor’s University College, thus, the demand for Taylor’s education service will increase. 2) The consumer’s Taste and Preference If the consumer prefer Taylor’s University College over INTI International College. The demand for Taylor’s rises even though the course fees of both university remain constant. 3) Quality in Taylor’s Education Service People associate price to quality. The higher the price, the better the quality. 4) Branding of Taylor’s University College 5) Programmes Available When the types of programmes available in the Taylor’s University College increase, student who intends to study in Taylo’s University College has more choices, the demand for the student study in Taylor’s University College will increase 6) Infrastructure and Facilities Provided The more facilities provided such as hostel, international office,library,computer lab etc could increase the demand for Taylor’s education service. 7) Scholarship helps poor 8) Advertisments Advertising always can increase brand loyalty to the goods and increase demand. Nowadys, advertising education has become widely popular with bachelor, master and doctorate degrees becoming available in the emphasis.From Wikipedia, A student-run advertising agency acts like a real advertising agency, but is owned and operated by students. Usually operating as a student club in a university, the student-run agency provides advertising services to various organizations such as school departments, small businesses, and large non-profit corporations. The main appeal of a student-run ad agency is the factor that the work is produced for free as well as the intimate knowledge of the student sector by the agency. They could bought student from international such as China, Indonesia, Paskistan 9) Goverment policy When government give subsidy to Taylor’s University College, the cost of production of Taylor’s University College decrease, the low course fees may offers to every students. Hence, the demand for the Taylor’s education service increase. 10) Good Academic – find good teacher, student get experience Employ some of the higher education lecturer to Taylor’s University College The factors above would shift the Demand curve to the right (D1 to D2).So that, the demand for Taylor’s Education Service would increase from (Q1 to Q2).Hence, the lower the price of programmes, the higher the quantity demanded for Taylor’s Education. Price elasticity of demand evaluates how responsive in price influences demand. In other words, price elasticity can also reference the amount of consumer’s money is willing to pay for something. In certain circumstances, demand remains inelastic, despite higher prices When the price elasticity of demand is elastic, a person with a higher income is said to have higher price of elasticity, they are afford to spend more. In contrast, since the people with lower incomes, they tend to have lower price elasticity, because they have less money to spend. The goods of their purchase is called normal good. In both cases, the quantity demanded is depend on the price. If the thing being sold is in high price, even a consumer with low price elasticity is usually willing to pay higher prices to purchase it. Thus, the good with the high price could attract people with low price of elasticity to purchases it, is called luxury good. (The Price elasticity of Demand in Taylor’s Education Service is >1. Hence, the elasticity of demand in Taylor’s Education Service is said to be elastic.) In short, when the price of the programmes rises, the quantity demanded for the programmes fall with the assumption of ceteris paribus. A high course fees on programmes will result in students shifting their demand to other available alternatives universities. According to Wikipedia, when a good or service has numerous substitutes, prices are more elastic and will change with demand. In fact, numerous companies offering the same course can also affect price elasticity of demand. Generally, goods or services offered at a lower price lead to a demand for greater quantity. If Taylor’s make a reduction in several program that have many substitute university to attract more student. Hovewer, keep make a reduction in course fees could not maximized our profit. To increase the total revenue always depends on the price elasticity of the course fees.Cut the price if it is elastic or raise the price it is inelastic. The factors that influence price elasticity of Demand is available of substitutes,luxury goods versus necessity, proportion of income spent on the goods. advertisement changed e ti inelastic.- bcs someone brand loyalty switch to it's substitute - TUChv make ppl loyal. -graph Overview The Lastest Highlight in Taylor’s University College (TUC). According to the Malay Mail, the Higher Education Minister Datuk Seri Mohamed Khaled Nordin this morning announced 18 "excellent" universities and private university colleges in the country, as outlined by the Malaysian Qualifications Agency (MQA) six-tiered rankings for last year. This 2009’s rating system result institution of higher learning were based on 25 criteria, covering three generic dimensions of input, process and output to assess the quality of teaching and learning. The input dimension address talent, resources and governance; the process dimension focuses on curriculum matters; and the output dimension is on the quality of graduates. Compared with 2007's rankings, only 20 local universities were evaluated. For 2009, we have expanded the rankings to local and private universities. Of the 58 local participating institutions, 18 were ranked "Tier-5" or "Excellent". Mohamed Khaled said among the top scorers were University Malaya, Universiti Teknologi Mara, International Medical University and Taylor's University College.A total of 25 universities and university colleges were ranked in Tier-4 (Very Good) and four university colleges received Tier-3 (Good) ranking. However, none of the institutions were ranked Tier-6 (Outstanding), Tier-2 (Satisfactory) or Tier-1 (Weak). Tier 6: Outstanding, #p#分页标题#e# Tier 5: Excellent, Tier 4: Very Good, Tier 3: Good, Tier 2: Satisfactory, Tier 1: Weak. The Tier-5 participants are... 1. Curtin University of Technology Sarawak 2. International Islamic University Malaysia 3. International Medical University 4. Management and Science University 5. Monash University Sunway Campus 6. Sunway University College 7. Swinburne University of Technology, Sarawak Campus 8. Taylor's University College 9. The University of Nottingham, Malaysia Campus 10. Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia 11. Universiti Kuala Lumpur 12. Universiti Malaya 13. Universiti Multimedia 14. Universiti Putra Malaysia 15. Universiti Sains Malaysia 16. Universiti Teknologi Malaysia 17. Universiti Teknologi Mara 18. Universiti Teknologi Petronas As one of Malaysia's oldest and leading private institutions of higher learning, Taylor's has played a significant role over the years, in shaping the nation's education landscape and the development of our human capital towards the realization of industrialized status and Vision 2020. Our 41-year heritage and tradition of excellence has resulted in over 59,000 successful graduates who have taken their places in the workplace, both locally and globally, with many becoming leaders in their fields. We are truly honoured to have been rated as 'Tier 5: Excellent' with no institutions being rated in Tier 6. by the Ministry of Higher Education in the 2009 MQA Rating System for Malaysian Higher Education Institutions (SETARA '09) announced on July 13, 2010. This recognition from the Ministry of Higher Education reassures us and spurs us on to continue upholding the quality of our teaching and learning environment to fulfill the holistic needs of our students and meet Malaysia's agenda of a world-class, high income economy. Arable Agriculture Industries In Canada And The United Kingdom Economics Essay Executive Summary Arable farming has always been a key contributor to the economies of both Canada and the United Kingdom. Technological advances over the years have promoted growth in the agricultural markets while financial turbulence and dire crop season weather have caused declines and struggles in the market. The Structure → Conduct → Performance model was used to compare the arable agriculture market in Canada and the United Kingdom, focusing on the seeded commodities, most specifically wheat. A structure analysis outlined the fundamental similarities in the two countries agricultural markets, with a discussion on the markets modeling of perfect competition and the higher use of “middle-men”, large agri-businesses which operate grain elevators or stores, in Canada over the United Kingdom. Following with the discussion of perfect completion markets and the model’s relevance to the agricultural markets in the United Kingdom and Canada, the role of the Canadian Wheat Board and the European Union’s Common Agricultural Policy are conversed. From this it can be seen that the monitoring and intervention by governmental boards in both Canada and the United Kingdom to control the prices of grain results in very similar market conducts in both countries. The main performance factors in arable agriculture are prices and growth. While prices in both countries can be seen to follow the same trends, growth indicators show a rise in the Canadian agricultural market over the past two years, while the British market has maintained stability at best. A following discussion concludes that the growth seen in the agricultural market can be attributed to the focus on and growth in the oilseed processes industry, resulting in an increase in canola seed crops, with advances in the fertilizer industry adding to the growth seen. A final conclusion summarizes in tabular form the similarities and differences between the arable agriculture markets in Canada and the United Kingdom, recommending the investment in biofuels, ethanol productions, and fertilizer advancements to promote continued growth in both countries. Agriculture has always played a major role in the both Canada and the United Kingdom, from the Canadian Aboriginals and the British serfs to modern day industrialized farming. As agricultural techniques have advanced over the centuries, opportunities for expansion and export have arisen, allowing for a growth in both the Canadian and British agricultural industries. The following report examines the differences and similarities between the agricultural industries in Canada and the UK. The aim of this report is to compare the agricultural industries in Canada and the United Kingdom, noting similarities and differences in the industry in both countries. Comparison will be done using the Structure → Conduct → Performance (SCP) model. To keep to the length of this report the main discussion area will be focused on agricultural crop production in Canada and the United Kingdom. When discussing prices the commodity of wheat will be used. Wheat prices will be based on the prices of Minneapolis Hard Red Spring Wheat in Canada and LIFFE Wheat in the United Kingdom, the two strains of wheat used as the contract basis for the sale of varying wheat products in both countries. Structure of the Agricultural Industries in Canada and the UK Agriculture has been a way of life for many in Canada and the United Kingdom. Statistics estimate that both countries have around 300,000 active farms. Farms in Canada, spread across the Canadian prairies into Ontario in the east, average an area of around 250 hectares, predominately seeded with wheat, canola, barley, oats and peas (Statistics Canada, 2006). In the United Kingdom, most farms are located in the south east of England where the climate is drier, with an average area of 50 hectares of seeded wheat, barley and oats (UK Agriculture, 2006). While both Canada and the United Kingdom have the same number of farms, farms in Canada are mainly arable, while the focus in the United Kingdom is on pastoral farming, with only 1/3 dedicated to arable farming. Large agribusinesses, such as the publically traded Viterra and Paterson Grain (a subsidiary of Paterson GlobalFoods Inc,) and the privately operated Richardson International, Cargill, and Parish & Heimbecker, act as the “middle-men” in the Canadian agricultural trade process, collecting and storing grain from the farmers at elevators spread across the Canadian prairies and selling it to customers at prices monitored by the Canadian Wheat Board (CWB). Competition is fierce between the agribusinesses, with incentives being used to retain existing customers and poach new customers from the competition. Co-operative grain elevators still exist in Canada, but are becoming fewer and further between, as they are not able to compete with the customer incentives offered by the larger agri-businesses, finding themselves slowly forced to financial buyout and acquisition. In the United Kingdom, large agribusinesses such as Frontier Agriculture (a subsidiary of Cargill PLC) and Openfield Cooperative, operate stores which act in the same way as the Canadian grain elevators, collecting and storing grain from local farmers and marketing it for commercial sale and export on their behalf. Unlike in Canada, British farmers have more of an opportunity to sell their product directly to the customer, skipping the “middle-men” that are heavily used in the Canadian agricultural structure. Distilleries, flour mills, and malting breweries buy directly from farmers as well as from public stores, allowing the farmer to potentially save on the storage and marketing costs charged by the large agribusinesses. In both Canada and the United Kingdom, the sale of grain from the farmer to grain elevator, store, distillery, mill, or malting factory is one of the closest markets to model perfect competition. There are numerous farmers across both Canada and Britain; anyone is free to enter the market and start up a farm should they choose. In looking at the sale of wheat, for instance, the product is identical. There are different strains of wheat, however each strain has a set price at the point of sale. Farmers cannot market their wheat in an attempt to sell it at a higher price. If a farmer is selling LIFFE Wheat or Hard Red Spring Wheat they will only be able to sell at the market price for that strain of wheat. The theory of perfect competition also states that if perfect competition exists in the market, producers and consumers must be fully aware of the prices, costs, and market opportunities of the product (Sloman & Wride, 2009). The agricultural industry is a prime example of a market where this can be seen as the CWB and the EU make the prices of all agricultural commodities known to the public in real time. Conduct of the Agricultural Industries in Canada and the UK As Sloman and Wride (2009) describe, markets which follow the model of perfect competition can be looked at over the short run and the long run. In terms of the agricultural industry, the short run could be said to be the duration of a season, seeding or harvesting for example. The time period is too short for other farmers (competitors) to enter the market. The long run could be considered to be a crop year, from seeding to harvesting; enough time for new farmers to enter the market, an occurrence most often seen after a previously fruitful crop year.#p#分页标题#e# Following the theory of perfect competition markets, high farmer profits over the long run should entice more farmers to enter the market. This is not generally seen in either the Canadian or British agricultural industries. Basic economic concepts state that all markets are fundamentally driven by supply and demand. Theoretically, in the case of agriculture, the more grain available, the lower the market price; the less grain available, the higher the market price, which in turn should lead to a higher profit for farmers. However, if this were the case, farmers would hoard their commodities after a good crop year, selling only when supply was scare and a high profit could be made. Grain, being a necessity of life with no suitable substitute, has a low price elasticity; if the price of wheat (in the form of bread for instance) increases, even drastically, people will still consume it. On the opposite end of the spectrum, if all farmers have a bad harvest and grain is scarce, the same situation would occur. To prevent a scarcity in world grain supply, governments must intervene and create stability in the market; in Canada this is done by the Canadian Wheat Board, in the UK commodity prices are monitored by the European Union (EU). The Canadian government intervenes in the income of farms by monitoring the price of grain through ICE Futures Canada and providing subsidies for farmers if a crop year has been poor. While farm subsidies can be claimed in the United Kingdom, the British government focuses more on creating buffer stocks of grain, which are collected after a good harvest year and released as required during a poor harvest to stabilize price, supply, and farm income. By comparing statistics on the Global Market Information Database, it can be noted that the Canadian government was expected to provide $1 billion USD to farmers in 2010, in the form of loans used to ease credit restraints, while the British government does not directly supplement farmers, allowing farmers to instead apply for subsidies, in the form of monetary reimbursement per acreage of land owned, from the EU’s Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) program (GMID, 2010). Performance of the Agricultural Industries in Canada and the UK Wheat prices in both Canada and the United Kingdom plummeted in March 2008 at the onset of the 2008 global market crash, falling from a contract price in the area of £190/tonne to a low of £90/tonne in November 2008. The graph below, published by the HGCA, the cereals and oilseeds division of the British Agriculture and Horticulture Development Board (AHDB), shows the drastic drop in LIFFE Wheat prices and the low stabilized prices seen across the United Kingdom until the climb we started to see in June 2010 (HGCA, 2010), a similar pattern to that seen in the Canadian wheat market (CWB, 2010). Figure 1: LIFFE Wheat Prices To-Date Source: HGCA (2010) Trade prices in Canada and the United Kingdom are relatively similar and can be seen to follow the same trends, rising and falling in a similar fashion. This occurs because the CWB and the EU monitor these prices and fluctuations, setting their prices relative to those seen in competitive producing countries to retain sales. As Dicken (2007) shows, until the end of the 1990’s, the agricultural industries in Canada and the UK were growing at roughly the same rate. The British agricultural industry then saw a small decline until 2000 when it started to stabilize, while in Canada the agricultural industry continued to grow. Both counties then saw a decline in agricultural outputs, due to a series of poor harvests. Growth hit a low in both countries in 2007, rising slightly in 2008 after a better than average harvest. However, since the financial crisis of 2008 and the start of the current economic recession, the British agricultural industry has started to decline further, unlike the Canadian agricultural industry which continued to grow. The output indices for the agricultural industries in Canada and the United Kingdom were collected from the Global Market Information Database and plotted in the following chart, showing the rise and fall in growth of the agricultural markets in both countries. Figure 2: Agricultural Output Indices Source: Global Market Information Database (2010) The continued growth in the Canadian agricultural market can be attributed to a high demand for canola (Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 2010). Canola oil has become popular internationally, being promoted as a “heart-healthy” substitute to vegetable oil, which is made from rapeseed. The opening of two large canola crushing plants in Saskatchewan in 2009 rallied the Canadian grain market and helped it weather the storm produced by the 2008 global market crash. Canola is also used for biofuels in Canada, as seen with rapeseed in the United Kingdom. Growth can also be attributed to technological advancements in the fertilizer industry, allowing for larger crop yields and higher wheat grades. Conclusions and Recommendations Both the Canadian and British agricultural industries can be described as models of perfect competition in their structure, however, due to government intervention, they do not follow completely with the theoretical conduct of perfect competition markets. Despite government intervention, the performance of both the Canadian and British agricultural markets is still based on the conduct of the market, which is turn affects the market’s initial structure. A comparison of the Structure → Conduct → Performance model for the Canadian and British agricultural industries is outlined below: Figure 3: SCP Comparison - Canada vs. UK Due to the struggles of the current agricultural market in the United Kingdom, new farmers have been hesitant to enter the market, unlike in Canada where profits from the production of canola have enticed new farmers to enter the market and current farmers to plant more acres of canola seed. Following the Structure → Conduct → Performance model of markets, the British agricultural market can be predicted to continue as is, with growth slowly starting to climb from year to year as the demand for biofuels increases. The Canadian agricultural market will continue to grow due to the current demand for canola and biofuels. Technology is the key to growth in the arable agriculture industries of both the United Kingdom and Canada. With a push towards sustainability, the creation of biofuels and the production of ethanol have promising outlooks for the use of agricultural commodities. Both countries have invested significantly in these areas in the last few years, an investment which should continue in the following years. Canada has also seen a large growth in the fertilizer industry, with large agri-businesses focusing their 2010/11 capital plans on the construction of technologically advanced fertilizer blenders, a venture that the United Kingdom would be wise to follow. It can be said that, fundamentally, the arable agriculture industries in the United Kingdom and Canada are equivalent, as shown by the use of the Structure → Conduct → Performance model. Minor differences do exist, as weather patterns, crop yields, and seeded commodities vary by geographic location. However, due to similar market structures and government monitor and intervention, both markets primarily follow the same growth patterns, an can be predicted to continue to do so for the foreseeable future. |
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